Socialism: Utopian and Scientific

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Resistance Books, 1999 - 106 sider
 

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INTRODUCTION by Doug Lorimer
7
Thomas Mores Utopia
8
The Enlightenment philosophers
10
Hegels philosophy
12
The Young Hegelians
13
Ludwig Feuerbach
14
Evolution of Engels views
16
Marxs rejection of utopian socialism
17
The critique of critical criticism
26
Marxs analysis of the revolutionary role of the proletariat
29
Engels Condition of the Working Class in England
31
Marxs Theses on Feuerbach
34
Historical materialism and revolutionary practice
36
SPECIAL INTRODUCTION TO THE ENGLISH EDITION OF 1892 by Frederick Engels
39
UTOPIAN AND SCIENTIFIC by Frederick Engels
59
Hegelian dialectics
72

Marxs turn toward materialism
18
Marxs critique of Hegels idealism
19
Marxs identification of the proletariat as the agent of human emancipation
21
Engels turn toward proletarian socialism
23
The materialist conception of history and scientific socialism
79
NOTES
97
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Om forfatteren (1999)

Friedrich Engels is perhaps best remembered as the confidant, colleague, and benefactor of Karl Marx. Engels was born into a Calvinist family on November 28, 1820. The family owned fabric mills in the Rhineland and had business interests in Manchester, England, Engels joined the family business at age 16; he never had a formal university education. Despite his family's industrial background, Engels was sympathetic to the poverty of the working masses. At age 18 he published an attack on industrial poverty, and later joined the Hegelian movement that so influenced Marx and bothered conservative Prussian authorities. Engels first met Marx in 1842, while Marx was editor of a radical newspaper in Cologne. However, they did not establish their lifelong friendship until they met again in Paris two years later. Engels published several works related to economics, the first of which, Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy (1844), attempted to reconcile Hegelian philosophy with the principles of political economy. His second book, The Condition of the Working Class in England (1845), was a damning description and condemnation of the poverty generated by the Industrial Revolution. Engels also co-authored three major works with Marx, the most important being the Communist Manifesto (1948). Engels also wrote several historical works, which are more important to historians than to economists. These include The Peasant War in Germany (1850), Germany: Revolution and Counter-Revolution (1851), and The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884). In general, these works are more descriptive than theoretical, and they closely parallel Marx's views on industrialization and class struggle. In addition to being a friend of Marx, Engels was his prime benefactor for a number of years. During their early years in London, beginning in 1849, the Marx family was nearly destitute, and it was only through the generosity of Engels that they prevailed. Engels was also responsible for the publication of Marx's Das Kapital. Before his death, Marx was only able to complete the first volume of this work, and so Engels edited and arranged for the publication of the last two volumes after Marx's death. Engels was an engaging and thoughtful writer. It was perhaps his great fortune and misfortune that he was connected so closely to Marx. On the one hand, he was responsible for bringing much of Marx's work to fruition in his role as benefactor and editor. On the other hand, the shadow of Marx eclipsed some of the exposure that Engels's own ideas and contributions might have had. Engels died of throat cancer in London, 1895. Following cremation at Woking Crematorium, his ashes were scattered off Beachy Head, near Eastbourne as he had requested.

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