Western Europe in the Middle Ages, 300-1475: Formerly Entitled a History of the Middle Ages, 284-1500

Anjou Aragon army barons battle became bishops Burgundy Byzantine Carolingian castle Charlemagne Charles Christ Christian church Cistercian civilization clergy common conquest Constantinople council count count of Toulouse court crown crusade culture doctrine duchy duke duke of Burgundy early ecclesiastical Edward elected eleventh century emperor England English established feudal fief fourteenth century France Frankish Frederick French Gaul German Gothic Greek Gregory held Henry Henry II heretics historians imperial important Italy John king king's kingdom knights lands later Latin lived London lord Louis major medieval Mediterranean merchants Middle Ages monarchy monasteries monks Muslim nobles Normandy northern papacy papal Paris peasants Philip political pope prelates princes reform region reign religion religious Roman Empire Roman law Rome rule ruler Saxon secular Sicily society Sources Spain thirteenth century throne tion towns twelfth century vassals village Visigoths Western Europe whole York