Seismic and Acoustic Velocities in Reservoir Rocks: Recent developments

acoustic velocities anisotropy arenites aspect ratio attenuation average Biot brine bulk density bulk modulus calculated clay content coefficients compliance compressibility compressional velocity confining pressure constant core correlation cracks critical porosity decreases effective pressure elastic moduli elastic properties elastic waves estimated experimental Figure fluid saturation fraction fractures frame frequency function gas hydrate Gassmann equation Geophys Geophysics grain hydrate concentration hydrocarbon increase isotropic isotropic medium kerogen laboratory layers linear liquid matrix Mavko mechanism mineral mixture P-wave parameters permeability petrophysical phase Phys Poisson's ratio pore fluid pore pressure pore space poroelastic porosity porous predicted quartz relations reservoir samples sand sandstone saturated rocks sedimentary sediments seismic velocities seismic waves shales shear modulus shear wave shear-wave velocity solid sonic sound speed stress temperature tensor tion ultrasonic unconsolidated values velocity dispersion versus viscosity Wang water saturation wave propagation wave velocities Young's modulus