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on his mother's land, Ynys Efrddyl. He had a branch establishment at Welsh Bicknor (Llan Gystennin Garth Benni), another in Golden Valley, perhaps at Abbey Dore, a second in Golden Valley at Cum Barruc, the position of which is not now defined. Another, where is now S. Maughans, which, after it was abandoned in consequence of the Yellow Plague, was settled by S. Machu, who refounded it and gave it his name. Another at Cilhal or Pencoyd, and another at Eaton Bishop (Tir Conloc). All these in Erging. In addition he had one in Gower (Porth Tulon), and Penally in Pembrokeshire, and the island of Caldey in face of it. These were all. But his disciples, owing him a loose allegiance, had other settlements in Erging; his

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cousin Junapeius at Ballingham and Lanloudy. They had also one in Brecknockshire, and several in Gower. That was all.

He had nothing whatever to do with Caerleon, nothing with Llandaff, which may not have been founded till after his death.

S. Dyfrig died in Bardsey on November 14, on which day his name occurs in the Calendars in Cotton MS. Vesp. A. xiv, and Peniarth MS. 219, in Whytford's Martyrology, and in that of Wilson, and in Nicolas Roscarrock. The Vita Ima gives May 7 as the day on which his relics were removed from Bardsey, and May 23 as that on which they were received into Llandaff Cathedral. Allwydd Paradwys (1670), gives his Translation on May 19.

He is patron, along with S. Peter and SS. Teilo and Oudoceus, of

Llandaff Cathedral, as Bishop Urban translated his body in 1120 from Bardsey to his newly-built Cathedral.1

He is patron also of the parish Church of S. Dyfrig, Cardiff, the parish of which was formed out of that of S. Mary the Virgin in 1895. He is generally regarded as the present patron of Llanvaches, in Monmouthshire; also of Gwenddwr, in Breconshire. He is patron likewise of Hentland, Ballingham, Whitchurch, and S. Devereux, and was so formerly of Moccas and the extinct Llanfrother, all in Herefordshire.

There was formerly a chapel of the Saint in the parish of Hope Wolnyth or Woolhope (S. George) on the east or English side of the Wye. The chapel has disappeared, but has left its name to Devereux Park and Devereux Pool, about a mile north-east of Woolhope Church. It is not far from Ballingham.

Porlock, near Minehead, Somersetshire, has the Church dedicated. to S. Dubricius, and this looks much as though he had made a settlement there.

As already said, his holy well, Ffynnon Ddyfrig, is at Garn Llwyd, opposite Llanfeithin, about a mile from Llancarfan.

There is a "Holy Well" near Moccas at Blakemere. When the church of Moccas was undergoing restoration, at some depth was found a stone rudely carved with interlaced work.

At Fishguard, on the banks of the Gwaun, is a place called Pwll Dyfrig, but now known as Glyn-y-Mel. Fenton, referring to the cell of Dyfrig here, says that in his day it was in a secluded spot, and richly clothed in ivy, and "to which such veneration continued to be attached, that within the memory of man there were games celebrated annually on the plain below it, and a sort of vanity fair was held on the day dedicated to the Saint in the Romish Calendar. The sanctity of the place was hereditary, for long after Dubricius' time, yet at a very early period, there was a chapel built on this spot . . whose site is still commemorated by the name of Hên Vynwent." When, some years ago, excavations were made near Hên Vynwent for the foundations of a Methodist Chapel, early Christian

1 There was formerly a Chapel of S. Dubricius in the Cathedral, for in his will, dated November 1, 1541, John ab Iefan, Treasurer of Llandaff, desires to be buried therein (Bishop Ollivant, Llandaff Cathedral, 1860, p. 29). It appears to have been the present Mathew Chapel. "S. Dubrice hedde of silver & an arme of the seyd Seynte of silver" were in the Cathedral in the time of Henry VIII, when they were taken away, circa 1558. Arch. Camb., 1887, p. 299; Cardiff Records, 1898, i, p. 376. The Prebend of S. Dubricius in the Cathedral is at least as early as the thirteenth century.

2 Ecton, Thesaurus, 2nd ed. by Browne Willis, 1754, and Valor Eccl., iii, 27-8.

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From Ancient Roll, copied in one of the Dugdale MSS. in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

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graves were found, and also what appeared to be the lines of ancient walls. It was then supposed that this was the site of Dyfrig's school.1 The Dyfrig of Fishguard is often given the epithet "Peneurog," or Golden-headed.

The tomb and effigy of Dubricius are in Llandaff Cathedral. His relics were originally buried in the presbytery, and it does not appear that his bones were put into a feretory. The tomb, now supposed to be his, is a sepulchral recess in the north aisle wall. The effigy, a conventional one carved in Dundry freestone, was probably executed about 1220. He is in episcopal habits, with a plain mitre.

There is a figure of him in one of the Dugdale MSS. (G. 2, No. 14, fol. 15) in the Bodleian Library, written in 1636, but the original copy of the roll containing it was of about the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.2

S. DUNAWD, Abbot, Confessor

DUNAWD or Dunod Fwr was son of Pabo, of the line of Coel Godebog, and brother of Cerwydd, Sawyl Benuchel, and Arddun Benasgell.3 He was a chieftain in North Britain, and gained some distinction in

1 Cambrian Register, 1799, ii, pp. 210-1; Fenton, Pembrokeshire, ed. 1903, p. 320; Pembroke County Guardian, Dec. 15, 1900, Yn Amsang ein Tadau, Solva, p. 67.

2 It has been illustrated in Notes and Queries for Somerset and Dorset for Sept., 1894, edited by Revs. F. W. Weaver and C. H. Mayo, who have kindly allowed us to reproduce it.

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3 Old-Welsh genealogies in Harleian MS. 3859, Bonedd Gwyr y Gogledd, Iolo MSS., pp. 105, 122, 126-7, etc. There was a Dunawd, fourth son of Cunedda, who gave name to the cantred of Dunoding or Dunodyn; and a Dunawd, son of Maxen Wledig. Others are mentioned by Geoffrey of Monmouth. The name occurs in Bod Dunod, near Amlwch, and Caer Ddunod, on the borders of Cerrig y Drudion and Gyffylliog. Dunawd (= Donata) was the name of the daughter of Boia, the pagan Pict or Scot in the Life of S. David. It is the Latin Donatus or Donata; but the name of the celebrated fourth century Roman grammarian, borrowed through the English donet, occurs as dwnad or dwned, with the meaning of grammar." Dunawd's epithet in the earlier documents occurs as Vær (Peniarth MSS. 16 and 45, Geoffrey's Welsh Brut, etc.), and Wr (Triads in Red Book of Hergest, and Myv. Arch., p. 396), but in the later ones as Fawr (Llanstephan MS. 81, Iolo MSS., p. 126, etc.). In its original form it seems to have been mur, of the same meaning as the modern Welsh mawr, great, large —an instance of a Goidelic word in Brythonic. We have it in Machu mur (Malo the Great) in the Book of Llan Dâv, and also in Frut mur (the great stream), Tnou mur (the great hollow), and Ocmur (the Ogmore), in the same book, where also occurs a Bledgur Burr, with possibly the same epithet. See Sir John Rhys in the Book of Common Prayer in Manx Gaelic, ed. Moore and Rhys, London, 1895, p. 42, and Arch. Camb., 1895, p. 288. In the Black Book of Carmarthen (ed. Evans, p. 56) Dunawd is called Dunaud Deinwin.

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