the Virgin, in the Roman Martyrology, for White of local celebrity. Under S. GWEN TEIRBRON will be shown that the S. White of Whitechurch is probably that Saint, the mother of S. Winwaloe and others. There was a S. Ninocha Gwengastel, a native of Wales, who in Brittany received a cult at Scaer as S. Candida, but she was an abbess, and entirely distinct from Gwen Teirbron.

S. CANNA, Matron

CANNA was the daughter of Tewdwr Mawr or Tewdwr Llydaw, son of Emyr Llydaw.1 She first married S. Sadwrn, her kinsman, who by her became the father of S. Crallo. They accompanied S. Cadfan to Britain. After the death of Sadwrn, she married Alltu Redegog, and had by him S. Elian Geimiad, the friend of S. Cybi. She was the mother also by him of S. Tegfan. She is supposed to have been the foundress of Llanganna, or Llangan, in Glamorganshire, where so many of the family of Emyr settled, and of Llangan in Carmarthenshire. In the vestry of Beaumaris Church is an altar tomb of the fifteenth century moved from Penmon at the dissolution. On the sides are representations of several of the local saints; one of the figures is of a knight in armour giving benediction with his right hand, possibly intended for Sadwrn, who was designated Marchog, or the Knight, and next to it is that of a crowned lady, the crown above a monastic veil, and holding in her hand a staff bursting into leaf and flower. If the former be Sadwrn this latter is probably Canna. The symbol refers apparently to a lost legend like that of the mother of S. Ciaran that when the pangs of maternity came over her, she laid hold of a rowan that was dry, but which at once put forth leaves and berries; or it may apply to a story that she planted her staff and it became a mighty tree.

The inscribed stone of Sadwrn (or Saturninus) is in the neighbouring church of Llansadwrn (see S. SADWRN).

Alltu is also said to have been married to S. Tegwen, daughter of Tewdrig ab Teithfall; 2 but this is a mistake, Tegwen for Cenaf (or Cenau) being due to confusing S. Tegfan with his mother.

At the Carmarthenshire Llangan (part of which parish is in Pem

1 Iolo MSS., pp. 112, 132, 134, 221. In the bonedds in Peniarth MS. 45 and Hafod MS. 16 the name of the mother of SS. Elian and Tegfan is written, with the conjunction a, as athecnaw and a chenaf.

2 Ibid., pp. 118, 137.

brokeshire) there is a rude stone, forming a kind of chair, which is known as S. Canna's Chair. It lies in a field adjoining the churchyard, about thirty or forty yards from it, and not far from Ffynnon Ganna, the Saint's Holy Well. It is a granite block, rough on its outside, but with the scooping or seat quite smooth. There is an inscription on it, supposed to read CANNA, in Roman capitals of so late a

affirmed to have been effected here, particularly in the case of persons troubled with the ague and intestinal complaints. The patient was first required to throw some pins into the well. Then he was to drink a fixed quantity of the water, and sometimes bathe in the well, but the bath was not always resorted to. After this he was to sit in the chair for a certain length of time, and if he could manage to sleep nnder these circumstances, the curative effects of the operation were considerably increased. This process was continued for some days, even for a fortnight or longer. The well has disappeared since about the year 1840. It was asserted that the hollow in the stone had been produced by the multitude and frequency of the devotees.1 About the centre of the parish is a field called Parc y Fynwent (the churchyard field), where, the local tradition says, the church was 1 Arch. Camb., 1872, pp. 235-9 (chair illustrated); 1875, pp. 376, 409; Westwood, Lapidarium Walliæ, p. 89 (illustration).

to have been originally built; but the stones brought to the spot during the day were removed at night by invisible means to the site of the present church, and a voice could be heard crying, "Llangan, dyma'r fan" ("Llangan, this is the spot”).

The Glamorganshire Llangan adjoins Llangrallo, now generally known as Coychurch. There is a stream there called Canna.

Canna enters also into Canton, now a parish name, a populous hamlet in the parish of Llandaff, forming the western suburb of Cardiff. It was called by the Welsh Treganna, and its northern part is known as Pont Canna. Canna's (or Canons') Farm is in the parish of Llandaff.

Her festival does not occur in any of the Welsh calendars. Browne Willis gives October 25 as the festival at Llangan, Glamorganshire.1 Canna occurs also as a man's name,2 and two documents 3 give Canna as a daughter of Caw; but see under S. CAIN, daughter of Caw. Mr. Egerton Phillimore is inclined to believe that the correct and original name of the mother of SS. Elian and Tegfan was Cenaf, and that there is no ground for ascribing either of the Llangan churches to her, but that there is good reason for thinking that the Glamorgan church name, as also the Cardiff Canna names, are from Cannou (becoming later Canneu, Cannau, and Canna), the cleric who witnesses a document in conjunction with SS. David, Teilo, Illtyd, Aidan, and Cynidr in the Life of S. Cadoc.4

S. CANNEN, Confessor

THERE is considerable confusion in the genealogical details given of this Welsh Saint. Sometimes he is given the details which properly belong to S. Catwg, being made to be son of Gwynllyw (or Gwynllew) ab Glywys, of Llangadwg in Gwent, as in Peniarth MS. 12 (early fourteenth century) and Harleian MS. 4181.5 In these Catwg is left out. A "Kemmeu Sant" is given as brother of Catwg in Peniarth MS. 16 (thirteenth century), but in Peniarth MS. 45 (thirteenth century) he is omitted, Catwg alone occurs. In the

1 Survey of Llandaff, 1719, appendix, p. 4.

2 Book of Llan Dâv, p. 174.

4 Owen, Pembrokeshire, ii, p. 427.

3 Iolo MSS., pp. 109, 142.

5 Cambro-British Saints, p. 267. This is a copy made before 1714 of a MS. about 100 years earlier.