parish within the memory of persons still alive. On the eve of S. Cawrdaf's festival all the children brought into the church a number of candles, which they had been making themselves, or had boughtone candle for each member of their family in whom they were particularly interested, and which they had called after their names. They knelt down, lighted them, and muttered any prayer they recollected as long as the candles continued burning; but, according as the candles became extinguished one after the other, they supposed that the person whose name was attached to the candle that burnt out first would certainly die first; and so on in the order of successive extinctions."

The Triads state that Cawrdaf was one of the three "chief or prime ministers (Cynweisiaid) of the Isle of Britain." They were so called on account of their great influence; whenever they went to battle the whole population of the country to a man followed them of their own accord. In the Tale of the Dream of Rhonabwy he is mentioned among the "counsellors" of King Arthur.

The following occurs among the "Sayings of the Wise":-2

Hywel Rheinallt, in the fifteenth century, wrote a poem, Cywydd Cowrda Sant, in honour of him.3 It contains a few, but vague, allusions to his legend. He is associated with Abererch, otherwise Llan Gawrda, of which the writer evidently regarded him as patron. Here, it would seem, was his shrine, and also his statue, with "his book and holy bell." His sanctuary and the boulder stone are referred to, and "Deiniol and his men " are mentioned as having given him land.

Morgan Mwynfawr, King of Morganwg, we are told lived to a great age, as did also many members of his family. This, it was believed, was "in consequence of a benediction bestowed upon him by S. Cawrdaf." "There were two kings or princes of this district called Morgan. The first, Morgan ab Athrwys, is possibly the Morcant who died circa 665. The second, Morgan ab Owen ab Hywel ab Rhys, known as Morgan Hên, died circa 974, and it was from him that Morganwg took its name. Evidently the story refers to the latter.

1 Red Book Triads in Oxford Mabinogion, p. 302; Skene, Four Ancient Books, ii, pp. 458-9; Myv. Arch., p. 405. 2 Iolo MSS., p. 253.

3 There are copies of it, e.g., in the seventeenth century MSS., Jesus College MS. cxl (15), Llanstephan MS. 47, Llyfr Hir Llywarch Reynolds, and also Cwrtmawr MS. 12, and Panton MS. 42.

4 D. Lloyd Isaac, Siluriana, Newport, Mon., 1859, p. 15.

S. CEDOL

CEDOL occurs only in the Myvyrian alphabetical Bonedd,1 but without the customary pedigree. The name is simply entered as that of the patron of Llangedol, near Bangor, now usually called Pentir.

The Festival of S. Cedol does not appear in any of the early calendars, but it is given as All Saints' Day.2

Cedol as an adjective means munificent, or kind, and Goronwy Owain in one of his poems has a happy play upon the word in reference to Cors y Gedol, above Barmouth.

S. CEDWYN, Confessor

CEDWYN was the son of Gwgon Gwron ab Peredur ab Eliffer Gosgorddfawr, by Madrun, daughter of Gwrthefyr Fendigaid.3 His mother was at one time also married to Ynyr Gwent, and is reckoned among the Welsh Saints.

Cedwyn is the patron of Llangedwyn, in Denbighshire. Scrwgan, the name of one of its two townships, is believed to stand for Esgair Wgan, the Ridge or Hill of Gwgan, embodying his father's name. Lewis Glyn Cothi, in the fifteenth century, invokes Cedwyn in two of his poems.1

6

In the Book of Llan Dâv,5 Lann Cetguinn in Ystrad Yw (a commote in south-east Breconshire) is named among the churches which were consecrated by Bishop Herwald (died 1104), but there do not appear to be any traces of it now. In the same work, Cum Cetguinn is mentioned in the boundary of the parish of Wonastow, near Monmouth. Nant Cedwyn is the name of a brook which runs into the Ely in the parish of Leckwith, near Cardiff, and Cwm Cedwyn is the woody dell on the right bank of the Ely, between Leckwith and Llandough.

The Cedwyn of Ynys Cedwyn in North Glamorgan, near the junction of the Twrch with the Tawe, is said to have been a giant."

1 Pp. 422-3. 2 Willis, Bangor, p. 272; Cambrian Register, 1818, iii, p. 223. 3 Peniarth MSS. 74 and 75 (sixteenth century); Myv. Arch., p. 420; Iolo MSS., P. 128. His father is mentioned as Gwgawn Gwrawn in the Triads of Arthur and his Warriors (Peniarth MS. 45); cf. also Peniarth MS. 12, and Myv. Arch., pp. 389, 404. The late saintly pedigrees give the name as Gwgon ab Gwron and Gwgon Megwron. & P. 279. 6 P. 202.

Poetical Works, Oxford, 1837, pp. 30, 96.
Peniarth MS. 118 (late sixteenth century).

S. CEIDIO, or CEIDO

THREE persons of this name are esteemed as saints, but little is known of any one of them.

I. Ceidio, the son of Caw. His name occurs in two published lists only of the children of Caw.1 He is the tutelar saint of Rhodwydd Geidio (otherwise simply Ceidio2), a chapel under Llanerchymedd, in Anglesey. Browne Willis gives November 18 as the festival.3

4

II. Ceidio, or Ceido, son of the prince and saint Ynyr Gwent by Madrun, daughter of Gwrthefyr Fendigaid. He had two brothers, Cynheiddon and Iddon, and a sister, Tegiwg, who were also saints. He is said to have been a saint of Llancarfan.

Ceidio, in the promontory of Lleyn, is under the remarkable isolated hill of Carn Madryn, which takes its name from Madrun. The local tradition is that on the burning of the palace of Gwrtheyrn, under Tre'r Ceiri, Madrun fled with Ceidio, then a child in arms, to the fortress on Carn Madryn; and that later in life Ceidio founded the church that bears his name beneath the mountain. In Madryn Hall is a fine group of statuary representing Madrun flying with her child in her arms.

He is very probably the Cetiau mentioned in the Life of S. Oudoceus as having been among the principal laymen of the Diocese of Llandaff who, in addition to the clergy, elected that saint to be the successor of Teilo in the bishopric. "Sedes Cetiau" occurs in the boundary of the grant to the Church of Llandaff, made during the episcopate of Oudoceus, of Ecclesia Guruid, later Llanirwydd, in Monmouthshire." About half a mile east of Rhayader, in Radnorshire, there is a barrow, in a field called Cefn Ceidio, under which it is supposed that he has been buried.

6

The festival at Ceidio, Carnarvonshire, is given in the Cambrian Register as November 3,8 but as the 6th by Browne Willis.9

1 Iolo MSS., p. 142; cf. Myv. Arch., p. 420.

a

2 Rhodwydd is not a word of frequent occurrence. It seems to mean stockaded mound," from what in Ireland and Pembrokeshire is called a rath (mound), fortified with gwydd (wood). It occurs in the Black Book of Carmarthen, f. 46b, as rodwit, and in the Book of Llan Dâv, p. 126, in the plu. rotguidou, its oldest form. We have it also in Rhodwydd Arderydd, Rhodwydd Forlas (Myv. Arch., p. 96), and Tommen y Rhodwydd, also known as the Castle of Iâl, erected by Owain Gwynedd in the parish of Llanarmon yn Iâl. See, further, Loth's note in the Revue Celtique, xv, p. 97.

III. Ceidio, son of Arthwys, of the line of Coel. His title to saintship seems to rest upon one passage only in the Iolo MSS.1 He was the brother of Eliffer Gosgorddfawr, Pabo, and Cynfelyn, and the father of Gwenddoleu, Nudd, and Cof, three saints of Llantwit.

"The terrible steed of Ceido," which had "a hoof with bribery upon it," is mentioned with other celebrated horses in a poem in the Book of Taliessin.2

A Citawe, for Citiawe, is invoked in the tenth century Litany published by Mabillon, and M. J. Loth supposes that the Welsh Ceidio is meant. Of the three, probably the brother of Gildas is meant. In the Cartulary of Quimperlé he is called Kigavus. 3

S. CEINDRYCH, Virgin

THIS Virgin Saint's name occurs in several of the later lists of Brychan's children, and her church is said to be at Caer Godolor (once Caer Golon). In Peniarth MSS. 75 and 131 she occurs as "Ceindeg ab Caer Godolor." The only name approaching it in form in the Cognatio de Brychan is Kerdych or Kerdech, which would now be Cerddych or Cerddech. The Vespasian version has, "Kerdych que iacet in Thywin in Merioneth," and the Domitian," Kerdech apud Llandegwin." In the Jesus College MS. 20 the entry runs, "Kerdech yssyd yglan tywi ymeiryonyd." They connect her with Towyn, Merionethshire. We have evidently in Ceindrych a misreading of the "Keinbreit apud Teraslogur" of the Domitian version for the " Kein ythrauil ogmor" of the older (Vespasian) version, i.e., S. Cain of Llangeinor.

Mr. Phillimore thinks Cerdych is perhaps commemorated in Cedris, on the Dysynni, below Aber Gynolwyn, which was anciently called Maes Llangedris; but the change of -ch to -s seems unexampled.

There was a Ceindrech Benasgell (the Wing-headed), daughter of Eliffer Gosgorddfawr, whose wife Efrddyl gave birth to triplets— Gwrgi, Peredur, and Ceindrech; 5 in the Vespasian Cognatio her name is spelt Estedich. In the genealogies in Jesus College MS. 20 occurs a "Keindrech verch Reiden," who is given (but the MS. seems here corrupt and confused) as the mother of Owain ab Macsen Wledig.

1 P. 126.

2 Skene, Four Ancient Books, ii, p. 176.

3 Revue Celtique, xi, p. 140.

4 Iolo MSS., pp. 111, 120, 140; Myv. Arch., pp. 419-20.
5 Triads, series i, in Myv. Arch., p. 392.

S. CEINGAIR, Matron

CEINGAIR was one of the married daughters of Brychan Brycheiniog. Her name occurs in the Cognatio as Kehingayr and Keyngair, and she is said to have been the mother of S. Cynidr of Glasbury. Her husband is not mentioned. In the Jesus College MS. 20 her name is spelt Kingar. In the late Brychan catalogues it appears under a variety of corrupt forms, Rhiengar, Rhieingar, Rheingar, Rhiengan, and Rhieingan. R for K was a very common scribal error. She is therein said to have been a saint at Llech Maelienydd, and her church to be in Maelienydd,1 a cantred now, in part, in North Radnorshire, but we have not been able to identify it. It is in all probability some late sciolist's corruption of Llech Mellte, i.e., the Petra Meltheu under which, in the Vespasian Cognatio, Hunydd, another daughter of Brychan, is said to rest.2

The name is rare. There was a Ceincair, wife of Fernwael ab Ithel,3 King of Glywysing, who died in 775, and a Ceincair, daughter of Meredydd ab Tewdos (died 796), mentioned in Jesus College MS. 20.

S. CEINWEN, or CEINWYRY, see S. CAIN

S. CEITHO, Abbot, Confessor

IN the Demetian or South Wales Calendar, denominated S, occurs "The festival of Ceitho, Abbot and Confessor, August 5." The same Calendar further mentions him as one of the Pumsaint or Five Saints born at one birth, who were sons of Cynyr Farfwyn, of Cynwyl Gaio in Carmarthenshire, and were commemorated together on All Saints' Day. This is the only Calendar that gives these two festivals, but in the Calendar in the Additional MS. 14,886, " Pymsaint" occurs against January 7.

It is not certain who Cynyr was. There was a Cynyr, the son of Gwron ab Cunedda Wledig, and a Cynyr, called also Cynyr Ceinfarfog, the foster father of King Arthur (called Timon in Spenser) in Penllyn and the father of Cai Hir, who gave his name to Caer Gai, near Bala."

1 Myv. Arch., p. 429; Iolo MSS., p. 120.

For the Mellte place-names see Owen's Pembrokeshire, ii, p. 299. 3 Book of Llan Dâv, pp. 207-8. 4 Iolo MSS., p. 122.

Skene, Four Ancient Books, ii, p. 458; Mabinogion, Oxford, p. 109; Owen's Pembrokeshire, ii, pp. 400-1.