CONTENTS OF No. 403.-APRIL, 1905. PAGE ART. I.-LORD DUFFERIN The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. By the ART. II.-THE WANDERINGS OF ODYSSEUS - 321 Les Phéniciens et l'Odyssée. Par Victor Bérard. Two vols. Paris: Armand Colin, 1902-3. 344 ART. III.—HIPPOLYTE TAINE, PHILOSOPHER AND CRITIC - 371 1. Hippolyte Taine; sa Vie et sa Correspondance. Vols I and II. Paris: Hachette, 1902-4. 2. Life and Letters of H. Taine, 1828-1870. Translated by Mrs. R. L. Devonshire. Two vols. Westminster: Constable, 1902-4. ART. IV. THE CARE OF THE INSANE 1. Report of the Select Committee on Lunacy Law, 1877. 2. Annual Reports of the Lunacy Commission, 18941904. And other works. ART. V. THE COLLECTED WORKS OF LORD BYRON 1. The Works of Lord Byron: Letters and Journals. Edited by Rowland E. Prothero. Six volumes. London: Murray, 1898-1901. 2. The Works of Lord Byron: the Poetical Works. Edited by Ernest Hartley Coleridge. Seven volumes. London: Murray, 1898-1904. ART. VI.-TWO GREAT CHURCHMEN 1. Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton, D.D., sometime Bishop of London. By his Wife. Two vols. London: Longmans, 1904. 2. Life and Letters of Henry Parry Liddon, D.D. By John Octavius Johnston, M.A. London: Longmans 1904. 399 - 429 - 458 PAGE ART. VII.—PEARLS AND PARASITES 1. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearloyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar. By W. A. Herdman, F.R.S. Parts I and II. Published by the Royal Society. London, 1904. 2. On the Origin of Pearls. By H. Lyster Jameson. 'Proceedings of the Zool. Society of London,' 1902. And other works. ART. VIII. Our NegleCTED MONUMENTS - 485 1. Reports from Her Majesty's Representatives abroad as to the Statutory Provisions existing in Foreign Countries for the Preservation of Historical Buildings. Accounts and Papers: Miscellaneous, No. 2, 1897. [C. 8443.] 2. La Legislazione delle Belle Arti. By Filippo Mariotti. Rome: Unione Cooperativa Editrice, 1892. And other works. ART. IX. THE EARLY ROMAN EMPERORS 1. Cæsar's Conquest of Gaul. By T. Rice Holmes. New edition. London: Macmillan, 1903. 2. Portraitures of Julius Cæsar. By Frank J. Scott. London: Longmans, 1903. And other works. ART. X.-PREFERENCE: THE COLONIAL VIEW 497 - 521 - 546 1. Papers relating to Resolutions passed by Colonial Legislatures since 1890 in favour of Preferential Trade relations with the United Kingdom, 1905. [Cd. 2326.] 2. Sir Wilfrid Laurier and the Liberal Party. By J. S. Willison. Two vols. Toronto: Morang, 1903. And other works. ART. XI.-THE CONDITION OF RUSSIA ART. XII.-WATTS AND WHISTLER ART. XIII.-THE UNEMPLOYED 1. Report on Agencies and Methods for dealing with Unemployed made to the Board of Trade, 1893. [C. 7182.] 2. Reports of Select Committees of the House of Commons upon Distress from want of Employment. Commons Papers, iii, 253 and 365 of 1895, 321 of 1896. And other works. NOTE ON THE SUGAR CONVENTION - 581 - 607 624 - 646 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW. No. 403.-APRIL, 1905. Art. I.-LORD DUFFERIN. The Life of the Marquis of Dufferin and Ava. By the Right Hon. Sir Alfred Lyall. Two volumes. London: Murray, 1905. By an unusually happy choice Sir Alfred Lyall was selected to write the life of Lord Dufferin. Sir Alfred occupied a high position in India during the period of Lord Dufferin's Viceroyalty; he returned home, in the same year as his chief, to fill a place of still greater influence in the India Office. In India he had an opportunity of observing on the spot the manner in which Lord Dufferin discharged the duties of the highest office which, in his varied career, he was called on to fill. In England Sir Alfred has had exceptional means of acquiring a knowledge of our policy in the East, with which Lord Dufferin, in the Lebanon, at St Petersburg, at Constantinople, and in India itself, had so much to do. But, if long and varied experience in India, and on the Indian Council, enables Sir Alfred to speak with exceptional authority on those portions of Lord Dufferin's life which made his name familiar to his contemporaries, and will ensure his remembrance by posterity, other qualifications also specially fitted him for the task. A poet of no mean order, a writer whose works are always original, a critic whose judgment is almost always sound, Sir Alfred is admirably constituted to appreciate a man who was not merely a distinguished administrator and diplomatist, but who inherited through his mother the genius of the Sheridans. A few of Sir Alfred's readers may, indeed, think that he might have devoted, with advantage, a little more space to some passages in Lord Dufferin's life. Six or seven hundred pages are a small allowance for the biography of a man who filled so many important positions. But, in these days of diffuse biographies, we are not disposed to quarrel with a writer who has contrived to be concise without becoming obscure. Sir Alfred Lyall has been fortunate in his subject, and Lord Dufferin in his biographer. And what a life it was which Sir Alfred Lyall has undertaken to write! Most administrators would consider themselves fortunate if they had crowned a long career by presiding over the destinies of our great autonomous colony in America, or by administering the affairs of our vast and populous dependency in India. Most diplomatists would regard themselves as equally fortunate if they had been entrusted, before their final retirement from the service, with our diplomacy at one of the great European capitals. But Lord Dufferin represented his sovereign in Canada and India, at St Petersburg, at Constantinople, at Paris, and at Rome. No other man who lived in the nineteenth century filled so many high and important offices, or filled them with more credit to himself or with more advantage to the country. He commenced life, no doubt, in favouring circumstances. Heir to a great estate and to a considerable name, he was introduced to official life, and was even raised to the English peerage, at an age when most men are painfully endeavouring to secure a foothold on the lower rungs of the professional or parliamentary ladder. He leapt into prominence. But he owed his advancement, not merely to accidents of birth and fortune, but to qualities which commended him to his political leaders, and made him the favourite of society. He was born at Florence on June 21, 1826. His father, Price Blackwood, a naval officer who succeeded somewhat unexpectedly to the Irish peerage, died while his only child was a boy at Eton. His mother, Helen Sheridan-one of three famous sisters, who became respectively Duchess of Somerset, Mrs Norton, and Lady Dufferin-was the granddaughter of Richard Brinsley Sheridan. She said herself to Mr Disraeli: You see Georgy (the Duchess of Somerset) is the beauty; Carry (Mrs Norton) is the wit; and I ought to be the good one, but then I am not.' Her verdict on herself, however, is not likely to be shared by many people. Those who look on her portrait will think that she inherited much of the beauty with which her grandmother, Miss Linley, endowed her family; those who read her poetry or her correspondence will give her credit for the wit and genius which distinguished her grandfather; while those who read her letters to her son will think that, whether she was or was not 'the good one,' she was among the wisest and best of mothers. She sent her boy, in the first instance, to a private school at Hampton, removing him in due course, in May 1839, to Eton, where she placed him with Cookesley, 'a tutor who' (Sir Alfred Lyall says) had more brains than ballast; whom his pupils liked much more than they respected him; who could make himself popular, but could not make them work.' Admitting that Cookesley's eccentricities made him an unsuitable tutor for many boys, we cannot fully endorse this judgment; nor are we sure that we could not apply Sir Alfred's indictment of Cookesley to other masters who were at Eton at the same time. It is, at any rate, the case that Sir Alfred himself quotes Sir James Stephen's description of life at Eton to justify his remarks on life at Cookesley's. We think he might have recollected that an Eton pupil-room, like other institutions, is to be judged by its results, and that something, at any rate, can be said for a master whose pupilroom contained, when Lord Dufferin was at Eton, a future Prime Minister, Lord Salisbury, and was soon afterwards to admit another distinguished diplomatist, Sir E. Malet. Blackwood's talk was so copious that Cookesley nicknamed him 'the orator'-Cookesley had a nickname for most of his pupils; but his oratorical powers do not seem to have gained him admittance to the debating society, profanely known as 'Pop,' where many generations of boys, from the days of Mr Gladstone downwards, have anticipated their triumphs at the Union or in the Senate. But the fact was that Lord Dufferin's temperament hardly fitted him for the distinctions at which most public-schoolboys aim. When he went up to Christ Church, one of his contemporaries said of him that he 'neither hunted, nor rowed, nor played games, and his immediate friends were not many.' At Oxford he seems to have pursued the somewhat detached life which he |