at least affirm that they are useful and necessary, even morally obligatory, in our times. . . . In all civilised countries which have become rich enough to afford the luxury, a dependent group appears. When the domestic group no longer suffices for support, and slavery or serfdom has been abolished, the liberated labourer becomes free to be a pauper.' (Modern Methods of Charity,' pp. ix, x.)
The problem then is how to counteract this tendency; and the conclusion is that it can be done by preventive and prophylactic' methods only. If we recognise the existence of social science, the problem of the future is how best to spread it among the people. The education of the benevolent public will be one of the most important factors.' The millionaire who would found a chair of social science at one of the universities might do more to cure poverty than by giving all his property for the relief of the poor.
We have, however, to be on our guard against accepting as scientific everything that comes from abroad.' Many things that are practicable and even scientific where there is universal military service and every one is 'pigeonholed,' would not be so here. But even abroad there is already a reaction against many of the methods adopted there; and eminent men, such as Dr Aschrott, are warm advocates of our system of poor relief in preference to their own. 'There is a growing feeling in Germany in favour of restricting public relief to such institutions as the workhouses.'
Academic sociology has hitherto confined itself chiefly to speculations as to the conditions existing amongst prehistoric man. It is time that we should bring it up to date. Is it vain to hope that these questions may be some day removed from the arena of politics and treated seriously by all patriotic citizens upon a rational and judicial basis?
NOTE ON THE SUGAR CONVENTION.
In an incidental reference to the Sugar Convention in the 'Quarterly Review' for January last (p. 259), it was remarked that, owing to the Sugar Convention, Swiss manufacturers are able to buy sugar at less than half the price that British makers have to pay.' This statement was made on the authority of a letter from Messrs Icke and Sharp, of Birmingham, to Mr Chamberlain, and not challenged by him. Messrs Icke and Sharp may be able to substantiate their assertion. We cannot. What our enquiries show is that on July 1, 1904, the price of Austrian white granulated crystal sugar at Zurich was 10s. 4 d., and on October 1, 12s. 6d., per cwt.; that, allowing 18. per cwt. for cost of transit from Hamburg to London and landing expenses there, the cost of granulated German sugar in London was 12s. 21d. and 14s. per cwt. on the same dates respectively; and that on the same dates respectively the prices of German sugar at Zurich were 11s. 11d. and 148., and of French, 10s. 11d. and 15s. 3d. Russian sugar at Zurich may have been cheaper; but, as 55 per cent. of the sugar consumed in Switzerland is from Austria, 25 per cent. from Germany, 18 per cent. from France, and only 2 per cent. from Russia and all other countries, the price of odd lots of Russian sugar is scarcely to be taken into account. To the extent of 55 per cent. of its sugar, then, Switzerland, on the dates named, had an advantage of from 18. 6d. to 18. 94d. per cwt. over London, while on German sugar the advantage on July 1 was 34d. per cwt., and on October 1 the prices were equal.
Corrigendum.-In the same article, p. 252, line 2 from foot, for 'foods' read 'goods.'
TWO HUNDRED AND SECOND VOLUME OF THE
QUARTERLY REVIEW.
[Titles of Articles are printed in heavier type. The names of authors of
articles are printed in italics.]
Acton, Lord, Cambridge Modern
History' planned by, 97.
Ainger, Canon, 169-his lofty re-
ligious standard, ib.-character of
his mouth, 170-gift of moral criti-
cism, 170, 187-his choice of a pro-
fession, 171-unchangeableness, ib.
-love of music, 172-conservatism,
173-appearance, ib.-his genius
for acting, 174-readings in public
and in private, 175, 190-Reader at
the Temple, 176-his wit, 177-179
-characteristics, 179-power over
quotations, ib.-his verses, 180,
183-187-friendship with Du Mau-
rier, 181-his genius for friendship,
182-death of his sister, ib.—of his
friend Mrs Haslehurst, 183-lec-
tures on Shakespeare, 188-190-
his translations, 191-friendships
in literature, ib. — biography of
Lamb, 192-his sermons, ib.-re-
ligious views, 193–195 — spiritual
humility, 195-charm as a preacher,
ib.
Alden, Mr Percy, 'The Unemployed:
a National Question' criticised, 637
et seg.
Arnold, Matthew, his essay on 'The
Function of Criticism at the Present
Time,' 197-French Eton,' 205,
235.
Arnold, Matthew, 221-biographical
sketches, 222-his father, 223-
influences of his childhood, 224-
contemporaries, 225-life at Oxford,
226- private Secretary to Lord
Lansdowne, 228-withdraws his
first book of poems, ib.-character,
229-invincible insouciance, 230—
his ideal, ib.-double nature, 231—
criticism of himself, 232, 238-mar-
riage, 233-school inspector, ib.-
services to education, 235, 246—
prejudice against the Noncon-
formists, ib.-elected to the pro-
fessorship of Poetry at Oxford, 236
-'Merope,' ib.-'New Poems,' 237
-political views, 239-view of
natural science, 241-his poems,
242-prose contributions, 242, 243
-character of his writings, 244,
248-advocacy of a British academy,
245-lack of concentration, 248.
Ashley, Percy, 'Modern Tariff His-
tory,' 265, 266, 270.
Ashley, W. J., 'The Progress of the
German Working Classes,' 265, 272.
Australia and the policy of Prefer-
ence, 565-580.
Balfour, Rt Hon. A. J., M.P., defini-
tion of his protective policy, 252-
view of Retaliation, 254-his speech
at Edinburgh, 311-opposition to a
protective policy, ib. See Prime
Minister.
Baltic fleet and the Dogger Bank
incident, 296, 314.
Bancroft, George, 'History of the
United States,' 91.
Bérard, M. Victor, his 'Les Phé-
niciens et l'Odyssée,' 344 et seq.
Bismarck, Prince, his policy of Pro-
tection, 268.
Bredt, Dr F. W., on the care of
monuments, 504-506.
Byron, The Collected Works of
Lord, 429-his complex individu-
ality, ib.- -as letter-writer, 430-
pains of composition and revision,
434-437--occasional faultiness of
437 indebtedness to
books, 437 et seq.-originals of his
heroes, 438-influence of Mrs Rad-
cliffe, 439-Don Juan derived from
Casti, 441-appropriation from the
ancients, 442-from the moderns,
443-instances of unconscious pla-
giarism, 444-446-his 'Titanism,'
447-rhetoric and falsetto, ib.-
contrast with Wordsworth, 448-
views of the plastic arts, 449—
'Manfred' contrasted with 'The
Vision of Judgment,' 450, 451-his
versatility, 451-range of compo-
sition, 452-'Childe Harold' and
'Don Juan' valued, 453-455-lack
of certain essentials, 455-defects
as an artist, 456 continental
opinion of Byron, 456-his place
among poets, 457.
'Cambridge Modern History,' 97.
Canada and the policy of Preference,
546-565.
Care of the Insane, The, 399. See
Insane.
Carlile, W. W., 'Economic Method
and Economic Fallacies,' 258.
Carson, H. L., 'The Supreme Court
of the United States,' 121.
Carter, R. Brudenell, his 'Doctors
and their Work' quoted, 426
Chamberlain, Rt Hon. A., M.P., his
criticism on Free Trade, 319.
Chamberlain, Rt Hon. J., M.P., his
propositions on his fiscal policy,
256-258-on the result of the Sugar
Convention, 258-on agriculture,
259-on the increase of small
holders of land, 263-his Commis-
sion of enquiry, 274-speech at
Luton, 313-his circular to Boards
of Guardians re relief of the un-
employed, 627.
Chapman, S. J., 'Work and Wages,'
274-276.
Churchmen, Two Great, 458. See
Creighton and see Liddon.
Coleridge, Ernest H., as editor of
'The Works of Lord Byron,' 432
et seq.
Colonial View of Preference, 546.
See Preference.
Corbett, Julian S., 'Drake and the
Tudor Navy,' 151, 156—'Successors
of Drake,' 157, 165, note-England
in the Mediterranean,' 167, note.
County Council, London, work of
the, on education, 207.
Cowper, William, and Horace
Walpole, 35. See Walpole.
Creighton, Bishop Mandell, compared
with Liddon, 458-his great intel
lectual power, 461-paradox and
flippancy, 462-what they hid, 463
-early resolve to take orders, 465
-ideas of duty, ib.-his conception
of religion, 466- progress and
divine government, 467-object in
taking orders, 468-his use of in-
fluence, 469-letters to his wife,
470-two stages in his spiritual
development, 471-indebtedness to
Goethe, 472- the application of
law to morals, 473-475-absolute
confidence in the Christian faith,
475-powers in conversation, 476–
his genius for affairs, 477—as tutor
and clergyman, ib.—devotion to
service, 478-as student and man
of action, 479-as bishop and his-
torian, 480-his philosophy of his
tory, 481-wise treatment of the
Kensit trouble, 482-answer to Sir
William Harcourt, 483-why the
world misunderstood, 484.
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Dill, Samuel, 'Roman Society from
Nero to Marcus Aurelius,' 540 et
seq.
Dodwell, H. Herbert, 'Hippolyte
Taine, Philosopher and Critic,' 371.
Dogger Bank incident, 296, 314.
Dubois, Professor, his study of the
origin of pearls, 490.
Duckling 'ranch,' success of a, 143.
Dufferin, Lord, 321-birth and
ancestry, 322-his mother, 323-
at Eton, ib.-and Oxford, 324-
present at the siege of Bomarsund,
ib.-accompanies Lord John Russell
to Vienna, 325-'Letters from High
Latitudes,' ib.-called to the Levant,
ib.-the joint commission to Syria,
326-French and English differ-
ences of opinion, ib.—personal suc-
cess, 327-Under-Secretary at the
India Office, 328-death of his
mother, ib.-marriage, ib.-at the
War Office, ib.-intervenes in the
Irish Land controversy, ib.-as
Irish landlord, 329 Governor-
General of Canada, 330-questions
in Canada, ib.-his work and influ-
ence there, 331-making the Cana-
dians imperial, 332-at St Peters-
burg, ib.-violence in Russia, 333
-transferred to Constantinople, ib.
-work in Egypt, 334-representa-
tive institutions founded, ib.-his
report, 335-Viceroy of India, 336
-foreign policy of the Indian Em-
pire, 337 et seq.-relations with
Afghanistan, ib.-the Panjdeh in-
cident, ib. - Burma, 339, 340
created marquis, 340-last years,
341-characteristics and qualities,
East, the Far, War in, 280. See
War.
'Edinburgh Review,' Sydney Smith's
articles on the reform of madhouses,
406.
Education, The Direction and
Method of, 197-epoch of expan-
sion, 198-reform of educational
machinery, 200-of method, ib.-
appointment of Mr Morant, 201-
aim of legislation, 202-Act of
1899; 203-work of the Board, 204
-Act of 1902; 205, 207-abolition
of School Boards, 206-the County
Council, 207- problems of the
teacher and the child, 209-object
of state intervention, 210-the new
'Code of Regulations for Public
Elementary Schools,' 211-differen-
tiation of function, 212-‘Regula-
tions for Secondary Schools,' 213-
'for the Training of Teachers,' ib.
-work of the education commit-
tees, 216-219-scheme of county
scholarships, 216—inadequate sup-
ply of trained teachers, 217.
Eggs, production of, 136—price, ib.—
number imported, 139-new-laid,
ib.
Evans, A. J., his discoveries in Crete,
353.
Fielding, the Hon. W. S., on the
policy of Canada in regard to Pre-
ference, 555.
Fisher, Sydney G., 'True History of
the American Revolution,' 102-
'Evolution of the Constitution of
the United States,' 117.
Fiske, John, 'New France and New
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