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THE
HISTORY
OF THE
DECLINE AND FALL
294E6
ROMAN EMPIRE.
BY
EDWARD GIBBON, ESQ.
IN TWELVE VOLUMES.
VOL. IV.
A NEW EDITION.
oninklijke Nototheck ie & Hage LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THOMAS M'LEAN; JAMES GOODWIN; W. SHARPE AND SON; G. AND J. ROBINSON; ALSO R. GRIFFIN AND CO. GLASGOW, AND J. CUMMING, DUBLIN.
1825.
Plummer and Brewis, Printers, Love-Lane, Eastcheup, London.
FOURTH VOLUME.
CHAP. XXII.
Julian is declared emperor by the legions of Gaul-His march and suc-
-The death of Constantius-Civil administration of Julian.
cess
A. D.
The jealousy of Constantius against Julian
Fears and envy of Constantius
PAGE.
1
4
360 The legions of Gaul are ordered to march into the East ib.
Their discontents
7
360, 361. His fourth and fifth expeditions beyond the Rhine 17
361 Fruitless treaty and declaration of war
Julian prepares to attack Constantius
His march from the Rhine into Illyricum
He justifies his cause
Hostile preparations
Death of Constantius
Julian enters Constantinople
Is acknowledged by the whole empire
His civil government and private life
Reformation of the palace
Chamber of justice
Punishment of the innocent and the guilty
Clemency of Julian
His love of freedom and the republic
His care of the Grecian cities
Julian, an orator and a judge
His character
34
50
55
CHAP. XXIII
The religion of Julian-Universal toleration-He attempts to restore
and reform the pagan worship—to rebuild the temple of Jerusalem→
His artful persecution of the Christians—Mutual zeal and injustice.
361-363. Zeal and devotion of Julian in the restoration of
82
They are condemned to restore the pagan temples
The temple and sacred grove of Daphne
Neglect and profanation of Daphne
115
118
120
362 Removal of the dead bodies, and conflagration of the
temple
122
Residence of Julian at Antioch-His successful expedition against the
Persians-Passage of the Tigris-The retreat and death of Julian
-Election of Jovian--He saves the Roman army by a disgraceful
treaty.
He burns his fleet
Personal behaviour of Julian
He transports his fleet from the Euphrates to the Tigris
Passage of the Tigris, and victory of the Romans
Situation and obstinacy of Julian
Marches against Sapor
Retreat and distress of the Roman army
Julian is mortally wounded
Death of Julian
Election of the emperor Jovian
Danger and difficulty of the retreat
174
178
180
184
187
191
193
196
199
208
206
The government and death of Jovian Election of Valentinian, who
associates his brother Valens, and makes his final division of the eas-
tern and western empires-Revolt of Procopius-Civil and eccle-
siastical administration-Germany-Britain-Africa-The East-
The Danube-Death of Valentinian-His two sons, Gratian and
Valentinian II. succeed to the western empire.
363 State of the church
Jovian proclaims universal toleration
His progress from Antioch
364 Jovian, with his infant son, assumes the name and
ensigns of the consulship
Death of Jovian
Vacancy of the throne
Election and character of Valentinian
He is acknowledged by the army
Associates his brother Valens
The final division of the eastern and western empires
225
228
230
232
ib.
234
236
239