of the duties of such employees, and where practicable, such seats shall be made a permanent fixture and may be so constructed or adjusted that when said seats are not in use, they will not obstruct such female employee, when engaged in the performance of her duties.

§ 10. In every factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, where one or more persons are employed, adequate measures shall be taken for securing and maintaining a reasonable, and as far as possible, equable temperature, consistent with the reasonable requirements of the manufacturing process. No unnecessary humidity which would jeopardize the health of employees shall be permitted.

§ 11. In every room or apartment of any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, where one or more persons are employed, at least five hundred (500) cubic feet of air space shall be provided for each and every person employed therein, and fresh air, to the amount specified in this Act, shall be supplied in such a manner as not to create injurious drafts, nor cause the temperature of any such room or apartment to fall materially below the average temperature maitained: Provided, where lights are used which do not consume oxygen, 250 cubic feet of air space shall be deemed sufficient. All rooms or apartments of any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, having at least 2,000 cubic feet of air space for each and every person employed in each room or apartment, and having outside windows and doors whose area is at least one-eighth of the total floor area, shall not be required to have artificial means of ventilation; but all such rooms or apartments shall be properly aired before beginning work for the day and during the meal hours. All such rooms, or apartments, having less than 2,000 cubic feet of air space, but more than 500 cubic feet of air space, for each and every person employed therein, and which have outside windows, and doors whose area is at least one-eighth of the floor area, shall be provided with artificial means of ventilation, which shall be in operation when the outside temperature requires the windows to be kept closed, and which shall supply during each working hour at least 1,500 cubic feet of fresh air for each and every person employed therein.

All such rooms or apartments, having less than 500 cubic feet of air space for each and every person employed therein, all rooms or apartments having no outside windows or doors, and all rooms or apartments having less than 2,000 cubic feet of air space for each any every person employed therein, and in which the outside window and door area is less than one-eighth of the floor area, shall be provided with artificial means. of ventilation, which will supply during each working hour throughout the year, at least 1,800 cubic feet of fresh air for each and every person employed therein: Provided, that the provisions of the preceding portions of this section shall not apply to storage rooms or vaults: And, provided, further, that the preceding portions of this section shall not apply to those rooms or apartments in which manufacturing processes are carried on which from their peculiar nature would be materially interferred with by the provisions of this section. No part of the fresh air supply required by this section shall be taken from any cellar or base

ment.

The following terms of this section shall be interpreted to mean: The air space available for each person is the total interior volume of a

room, expressed in cubic feet, without any deductions for machinery contained therein, divided by the average number of persons employed therein.

Outside windows and doors are those connecting directly with the outside air; the window and door area is the total area of the windows and doors of all outside openings; and the floor area is the total floor area of each room.

§ 12. All factories, mercantile establishments, mills or workshops shall be kept free from gas or effluvia arising from any sewer, drain, privy or other nuisance on the premises. All poisonous or noxious fumes or gases arising from any process, and all dust of a character injurious to the health of the persons employed, which is created in the course of a manufacturing process, within such factory, mill or workshop, shall be removed, as far as practicable, by either ventilating or exhaust devices.

§ 13. All decomposed, fetid or putrescent matter, and all refuse, waste and sweepings of any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, shall be removed and disposed of, at least once each day, and in such a manner as not to cause a nuisance; and all cleaning shall be done, as far as possible, outside of working hours; but if done during working hours, shall be done in such a manner as to avoid the unnecessary raising of dust or noxious odors. In every factory, mill or workshop, in which any process is carried on which makes the floors wet, the floor shall be constructed and maintained with due regard to the health of employees, and gratings or dry standing rooms shall be provided if practicable, at points where employees are regularly stationed, and adequate means shall be provided for drainage, and for preventing seepage or leakage to the floors below.

§14. In all factories, mercantile establishment, mills or workshops, sufficient and reasonable means of escape in case of fire shall be provided, by more than one means of egress, and such means of escape shall at all times be kept free from any obstruction and shall be kept in good repair and ready for use, and shall be plainly marked as such. § 15. All doors used by employees as entrances to or exits from any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, of a height of two stories or over, shall open outward, slide or roll, and shall be so constructed as to be easily and immediately opened from within in case of fire or other emergency.

§ 16. Proper and substantial hand rails shall be provided on all stairways in factories, mercantile establishment, mills or workshops, and the treads on all stairways shall be so constructed as to furnish a firm and safe foothold.

§ 17. In all factories, mercantile establishments, mills or workshops, a proper light shall be kept burning by the owner or lessee in all main passageways, main hallways, at all main stairs, main stair landings and shafts, and in front of all passenger or freight elevators, upon the entrance floors and upon the other floors, on every work day of the year, from the time that the building is opened for use until the time when it is closed, except at times when the influx of natural light shall make artificial light unnecessary: Provided, that when two or more tenants occupy different floors in one building, such elevator shafts need be lighted only on the floors occupied and used by employees.

§ 18. No floor space of any work room in any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, shall be so overloaded with machinery or other material as thereby to cause serious risk to or endanger the life or limb of any employee, nor shall there be permitted in any such establishment a load in excess of the safe sustaining power of the floors and walls thereof.

§ 19. In all factories, mercantile establishments, mills or workshops, machines must not be placed so closely together as to be a serious menace to those that have to pass between them. Passageways must be of ample width and head room and must be kept well lighted and free from obstructions.

§ 20. Every factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop shall be provided with a sufficient number of water closets, earth closets or privies, within reasonable access of the persons employed therein, and such water closets, earth closets, or privies shall be supplied in the proportion of at least one (1) to every thirty (30) male persons and one (1) to every twenty-five (25) female persons; and whenever both male and female persons are employed, said water closets and privies shall be provided separate and apart for the use of each sex, and plainly marked by which sex they are to be used; and no person or persons shall be allowed to use the closets or privies assigned to the opposite sex; and such water closets or privies shall be constructed in an approved manner and properly enclosed, and at all times kept in a clean and sanitary condition. The closets or privies, where practicable, shall be located so that they shall have direct ventilation with the outside air; where it is impracticable to locate the closets or privies so as to have direct ventilation with the outside air, they shall be placed in an enclosure, and every such closet or privy, shall be properly and effectively disinfected and separately ventilated, and shall be properly lighted by artificial light, except when the influx of natural light makes artificial light unnecessary: Provided, that nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent any city, town or village, by appropriate ordinance or regulation, from prohibiting the construction, use or maintenance in such city, town or village, of any kind of earth closets, or privies, which may be considered a nuisance or detrimental to the public health.

§ 21. In all factories, mercantile establishments, mills or workshops, adequate washing facilities shall be provided for the employees, where necessary, and in such case in all factories, mills and workshops not less than one spigot, basin or receptacle shall be provided for each thirty (30) employees, and in mercantile establishments not less than one spigot basin or receptacle shall be provided for each fifty (50) employees. Where the labor performed by the employee is of such a character as to make customary or necessary a change of clothing by the employees, there shall be provided sanitary and suitable dressing room or rooms, and both such dressing rooms and washing facilities shall be separately maintained for each sex: Provided, that nothing in this Act shall be construed as abrogating or repealing any provision of section five (5) of an Act entitled, "An Act to provide for the licensing of plumbers, and to supervise and inspect plumbing," approved June 10, 1897, and in force July 1, 1897, or the provisions of any local ordinance or regulation of any city, town or village, requiring approved

and sufficient methods of sanitation, light, heat, drainage or ventilation of an equal or superior standard to that required in this Act.

§ 22. It shall be the duty of every person, firm or corporation to which the provisions of this Act may apply, to carry out the same, and make all the changes and additions necessary therefor, and in every way to comply with all the provisions of this Act, and it shall be the duty of the owner of the building in which is located any such factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, to permit any alterations or additions to such building as may be necessary to comply with the provisions of this Act.

§ 23. Whenever, by the provisions of this Act, it is made the duty of any person, firm or corporation within this State, to make or install any alterations, additions or changes, the same shall be made and installed in conformity with the provisions of this Act, and completed within a reasonable time after notification by the Chief State Factory Inspector or his deputy.

§ 24. It shall be the duty of the owner or lessee, or superintendent or person in charge of any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop in this State, to send to the Chief State Factory Inspector, in writing, an immediate report of all accidents or injuries resulting in death. It shall also be the duty of the person in charge of such factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, to report between the 15th and 25th of each month, all accidents or injuries occurring during the previous calendar month, which entailed a loss to the person injured of fifteen (15) consecutive days' time or more. All reports shall state the cause and character of the injury, character of employment and the age and sex of the person injured. No statement contained in any such report shall be admissible in evidence in any action arising out of the death or accident therein reported: Provided, that any such employer who shall make the reports of accidents, required by this Act, shall not be required to make such reports to any other State officer, board or commission..

25. It shall be the duty of the Chief State Factory Inspector, and of the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector, and deputy factory inspectors, under the direction and supervision of the Chief State Factory Inspector, to enforce the provisions of this Act, and to prosecute all violations of the same before any magistrate or any court of competent jurisdiction in this State, and for that purpose they and each of them are hereby empowered to visit and inspect, at all reasonable times, all such factories, mercantile establishments, mills and workshops in this State: Provided, that whenever any secret process is used in any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop the owner shall, whenever asked by the Chief State Factory Inspector or the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector, file with him an affidavit that the owner has in all respects complied with the provisions of this Act and such affidavit shall be accepted in lieu of inspection of any room or apartment in which such secret process is carried on.

In the enforcement of the provisions of this Act the Chief State Factory Inspector, and the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector, and the deputy factory inspectors, under the direction and supervision of the Chief State Factory Inspector, shall give proper notice in regard to any

violation of this Act to the persons owning, operating or managing any such factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop. Such notice shall be written or printed and signed officially by the Chief State Factory Inspector, or the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector, and said notice may be served by delivering the same to the person upon whom service is to be had, or by leaving at his usual place of abode, or business, an exact copy thereof, or by sending a copy thereof, to such person by mail.

When general changes relative to the location and spacing of machinery or to ventilation have been made and such changes comply with the provisions of this Act, such arrangements, conditions remaining the same, shall not be disturbed by any requirement of the Chief State Factory Inspector or his deputies within the period of twelve (12) months.

§ 26. Any person, firm or corporation who shall, or any agent, manager or superintendent of any person, firm or corporation, who for himself or for such person, firm or corporation, shall violate any of the provisions of this Act, or who omits or fails to comply with any of the foregoing requirements of this Act, or who disregards any notice of the Chief State Factory Inspector, or of the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector, when said notice is given in accordance with the provisions of this Act; or who obstructs or interferes with any examination or investigation being made by a State Factory Inspector, under this Act, or any employee in any such factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop who shall remove or interfere with any guard or protective or sanitary device, required by the provisions of this Act, except as hereinbefore provided, or who shall violate any of the other provisions of this Act, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof, shall be punished for the first offense by a fine of not less than ten ($10.00) dollars nor more than fifty ($50.00) dollars; and upon conviction of the second or subsequent offense, shall be fined not less than twenty-five ($25.00) dollars; nor more than two hundred ($200.00) dollars; and in each case shall stand committed until such. fine and costs are paid unless otherwise discharged by due process of law.

§ 27. Whenever any inspection of machinery, ways, means, instruments or appliances in, on, about or connected with any factory, mill, mercantile establishment or workshop is required to be made by the ordinances of any city, town or village of a standard equal to that of this Act and the inspection required by such ordinances has been made, then and in every such case such inspection shall be accepted by the Chief State Factory Inspector, the Assistant Chief State Factory Inspector and the deputy factory inspectors as a compliance in that respect with the provisions of this Act; and it shall be the duty of the person for whom such inspection has been made to furnish the Chief State Factory Inspector, or his assistant or deputies, with a copy of the report of inspection made under such ordinances.

28. The provisions of this Act relating to sanitation and ventila tion shall not be held to apply to such rooms or apartments of any factory, mercantile establishment, mill or workshop, which are being operated under the supervision of the federal government, by virtue of