Steam Power

Forside
Longmans, Green, and Company, 1915 - 760 sider
 

Innhold

Fuels
89
Relation between the pressure in the cylinder and the turning couple
97
Temperature in the furnace
107
Construction of a heat balancesheet for the heating circuit
113
Boiler efficiency
120
Conductivity of the elements in the path of flow
129
CHAPTER III
141
On the difference of the specific heats
148
The Carnot cycle with vapour as the working agent
155
General expressions for the principal thermodynamic relations
164
The characteristic equation for a vapour and Callendars equation
170
Limiting velocity of flow
179
The steam tables and the total energy temperature diagram
182
Ejectors and injectors
185
The adiabatic expansion of steam
190
Use of the Rankine cycle as a standard of comparison for the perform
197
The entropy temperature diagram
207
The total energyentropy diagram The Mollier diagram
214
CHAPTER IV
220
Wire drawing
221
Incomplete expansion
223
Clearance and compression
224
The missing quantity
227
The wall action and the condensation area
232
Maximum condensation per cycle
236
Application of the method of condensation areas to an engine trial
240
The calculation of the flow of heat into a cylinder wall assuming that the temperature variation on the wall surface is a simple harmonic function of t...
243
Influences which modify the magnitude of the missing quantity
249
Compound expansion
253
Example The combination of diagrams
258
The compound marine engine
262
The compound locomotive
265
CHAPTER IX
267
The use of superheated steam
272
TABLE PAGE
275
Expansion curves and heat exchange
280
Cylinder volume for given power and speed
285
Cylinder volumes Compound engines
291
Efficiencies obtained in practice
298
CHAPTER V
304
Heat rejected in the condenser per pound of steam
307
Jet condensers
309
On the evaporation of water into and the condensation of water from air
311
Influence of air in the condenser on the pressure in the condenser
315
Wet and dry air pumps
317
Types of condensing plants
318
Rate of condensation in a surface condenser
320
CHAPTER VI
323
Examples of characteristic energy diagrams
325
The indicated horsepower is a linear function of x
326
Standard I H P lines for steady running
329
Maximum value of x and the intensity of transmission and the rate at which energy can be introduced into the cylinders
331
The velocity and the acceleration of the piston
334
THE BALANCING OF ENGINES
335
The calculation of the turning couple L
343
The flywheel
349
Representation of a crank effort curve by a Fourier series
359
Speed of equilibrium
371
Tension on a drawbar due to unequal braking of engine and train
456
Engine Dog Star 460 Simple Observed drawbar pull and speed
461
The values of the coefficients of friction between castiron brake blocks
471
The resistance due to the angular acceleration of the wheels and axles
472
SECT PAGE 132 Application of Newtons laws to the balancing of engines
479
Forces produced on the frame by the rotation of a single mass
480
The balancing of any number of given masses by the addition of masses placed in two given planes
483
Nomenclature
484
Typical example
485
To find the unbalanced force and the unbalanced couple with respect to a given reference plane due to a system of masses rotating at a given speed
487
Conditions which must be satisfied by a given system of masses so that they may be in balance amongst themselves
488
Experimental apparatus
489
Elimination of the connecting rod
494
General method of procedure for balancing an engine when the motion of the reciprocating parts may be considered simple harmonic
495
Example
497
Experimental apparatus
499
The balancing of twocylinder locomotives
500
A standard set of reciprocating parts
501
Scales
503
The balancing of threecylinder locomotives
505
The balancing of fourcylinder locomotives
508
Completely balanced fourcylinder locomotive
510
Comparative schedule
511
On the bending moment produced on the crank shaft by the unbalanced masses
516
Secondary balancingThe YarrowSchlickTweedy engine
517
CHAPTER X
525
The slide valve
530
The single eccentric valve gear
533
Example Rectangular valve diagram
537
The Zeuner diagram
539
The Reuleaux diagram
541
The Bilgram diagram
543
Problems
544
Valve gears with independent cutoff valves
545
Forms of slide valve
552
Reversing and expansion gears
559
The link motion
560
Link motion valvediagram
562
Apparatus for drawing valve displacement curves mechanically
567
Nozzle areas for frictionless adiabatic flow of 1 lb of steam per second
591
Theoretical gain per inch increase of vacuum
618
Elementary turbine pairs Impulse and reaction pairs Steam turbines
619
Shape of blades and blade channels
627
Axial velocity of flow
633
193
639
General design of a chain of reaction pairs to utilize a given heat fall
647
Example of a chain of reaction pairs Irreversible losses assumed to
652
Chains of impulse pairs Compounding the velocity within a pressure
654
General construction of a compound impulse turbine Impulse blading
663
The Parsons steam turbine
672
203
678
Performance of notable ships of different epochs with Parsons turbines
683
The Curtis turbine
685
The A E G impulse turbine
689
AppendixSteam Tables
735
INDEX
745
Comparative schedule 514
746

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Side 479 - Every body continues in its state of rest or of uniform motion in a straight line, except in so far as it is compelled by force to change that state.
Side 479 - To every action there is always an equal and contrary reaction; or, the mutual actions of any two bodies are always equal and oppositely directed in the same straight line.
Side 228 - I perceived, that in order to make the best use of steam, it was necessary, first, that the cylinder should be maintained always as hot as the steam which entered it; and secondly, that when the steam was condensed, the water of which it was composed, and the injection itself, should be cooled down to 100°, or lower, where that was possible.
Side 148 - Y is the thermo-dynamic index of the gas, or the ratio between the specific heat at constant pressure and the specific heat at constant volume.
Side 125 - ... proportional to the difference between the fourth powers of the absolute temperatures of the hot parts of the furnace and the boiler plate.
Side 154 - The motive power of heat is independent of the agents employed to realize it ; its quantity is fixed solely by the temperatures of the bodies between which is effected, finally, the transfer of the caloric.
Side 141 - Carnot here, and throughout his reasoning, makes a fundamental assumption, which he states as follows: " When a body has undergone any changes and after a certain number of transformations is brought back identically to its original state, considered relatively to density, temperature and mode of aggregation, it must contain the same quantity of heat as it contained originally.
Side 76 - In the above expressions, p is the absolute pressure in pounds per square foot, v is the volume in cubic feet, and T is the absolute temperature in degrees Fahrenheit.
Side 161 - E + ^yJ as the sum of the internal energy and the product of the pressure and volume, expressed in heat units, corresponding to the state.
Side 482 - A plane through the fixed point 0, at right angles to the axis of rotation, and revolving with it, will be called the reference plane. It contains both the force at the fixed point...

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