QUESTIONS ALREADY GIVEN IN GOVERNMENT EXAMINATIONS. 1. What is meant by the term mood? How many moods are there in English verbs? How are they formed. · 2. What is meant in Grammar by the term inflexion? 3. Write down all the verbs in the following sentence, and classify them :- "Property, both in land and movables, being thus originally acquired by the first taker, which taking amounts to a declaration that he intends to appropriate the thing to his own use, it remains in him, by the principles of universal law, till such time as he does such other act which shows an intention to abandon it; for then it becomes, naturally speaking, of public right once more, and is liable to be again appropriated by the next occupant." 4. Give some examples of adjectives of irregular comparison. 5. Give the rules for the comparison of adjectives. 6. Distinguish the different kinds of nouns-giving examples of each. 7. Distinguish between verbs, regular, irregular, and defective-giving examples of each. 8. Distinguish between adjectives of quality and quantity. Shew how adjectives are compared. What is the difference between numerals cardinal and numerals ordinal? Classify three, third, and thrice. 9. Explain the meaning of verbs transitive and intransitive; active and passive voice. Shew that our infinitive can be used as a noun. "Our 10. Parse the following underlined words: further attendance, then, is unnecessary; we leave you to your supper fair ladies! I wish you good even." 11. Write out the imperative mood with all its proper pronouns of the verb to go. "The Pronoun, Adverb, and Preposition; with their relations in a sentence." PRONOUNS. The Pronoun (pro. L. for or instead of; nomen—a name) is a word used instead of a noun, as rose, and when it set, &c." "the sun This part of speech is intimately connected with the adjective, so we may divide pronouns into two classes: PRONOUNS. (a) Personal. (b) Reflexive. A. SUBSTANTIVE P. (c) Indefinite & Distributive. B. ADJECTIVE P. (d) Relative & Interrogative. (e) Demonstrative. (a) Possessive. (b) Reflexive. (c) Indefinite Distributive. SUBSTANTIVE PRONOUNS. These are strictly used instead of nouns, whereas the adjective pronouns are frequently used as adjectives, and may be all used without nouns. This distinction must be clearly kept in mind as the subdivisions of both kinds of pronouns are mostly the same. The (a) Personal pronouns are declined as below:- 3rd Per. Nom. He, She, It. | 3rd Per. Nom. They. Poss. Their. 66 First Person.-A pronoun is in the 1st 66 person when it stands for the agent of the action, state, or suffering implied in the verb; as, "I run," 99 66 we run;" "I am,' we are;" "I am loved," we are loved." Sometimes the subject of a sentence takes a dative form with nominative meaning, as "methinks it is cold," equivalent to "it thinks to me it is cold," meaning, "it seems to me it is cold," from the Anglo Saxon thincan to seem, so also in meseems the dative form is used. Second Person.-A pronoun is in the 2nd person when it stands for, and is spoken to, as the agent or subject of the action, state, or suffering implied in the "thou runnest," verb; as, 'ye or you run;" "thou art,' ye or you are;" "thou art loved," "ye or you are loved." 99.66 66 Let the student here note that although ye or you may be used for the nominative, and that you is also an objective form, yet ye should never be objective though this rule is sometimes disobeyed; note also that you is plural in form, always taking a plural verb, yet frequently used with a singular meaning. This is an idiomatic (peculiar) use of the word in English to avoid the formal "thou," which is generally reserved for poetry and solemn forms of speech. The proper use of the thou, however, still lingers in provincialisms in certain country districts, particularly Lancashire and Derbyshire; in this use it expresses a certain kind of endearment, whereas it formerly implied contempt, as "I thou thee thou traitor." The third person refers to the person spoken of, and is either masculine (he) feminine (she) or neuter (it); the latter is also used for children and where the sex is doubtful, as "It (the child) cried all night." It is also used in an expletive sense, without reference to any particular thing, as “Come and trip it as you go." It is also used in reference to a whole sentence, as "The law was inexorable, but I knew it not." "It is known that the law is inexorable." It at the beginning of a sentence may introduce any gender or number, as "It was Mary who came first. "It is a bold judgment and swift arm that are required." It will be seen that personal pronouns of the 3rd person, singular, alone have distinctive gender attached to them; as in the singular, He (Mas.), She (Fem.), and It (Neut.) The reason is that in the case of the 1st person, as it is the person speaking who is the subject of the being, doing, and suffering implied in the verb agreeing with the pronoun, the sex is evident to the listener and does not therefore want marking by any grammatical form in the singular; whereas in the 1st person plural the pronoun we may include several genders and must therefore be common. In the case of the 2nd person singular and plural, similar remarks apply. (b) Reflexive pronouns. This includes the form "self," "selves," "own," in combination with other forms, as myself, himself, themselves, oneself, ourself, yourself, &c. They are called reflexive because the person or thing spoken of is the same as implied in the noun to which they refer. The form self is appended to either the possessive of the personal pronoun, singular or plural, in the 1st and 2nd persons; as,— 1st Person, Sing.,- My-self. Plur.,-Ourselves. 2nd Person, Sing.,-Thy-self. Plur.,-Yourselves. or to the objective form of the 3rd sonal pronoun; as, person of the per 3rd Pers., Sing.,-Himself, Herself, Itself, Oneself. In these cases, however, the possessive and objective forms of the personal pronouns to which self is appended are misleading, since the history of the language shows that it is the old Anglo Saxon Dative to which |