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ing students for 50 years, and many of the alumni of these institutions now are at the point in life when they are considering seriously the disposition of all or part of the wealth which they have accumulated during a lifetime. The Kansas institutions should be in a position not only to be able to receive gifts from these alumni, but should be so organized as to attract gifts. What is true of the university, the agricultural college, and the normal school at Emporia in regard to age will soon be true of Hays and Pittsburg. The increasing cost of higher education emphasizes the desirability for State institutions, as well as private institutions, to encourage gifts in every proper way for the support of higher education, and nothing will do more to encourage such gifts than a sound financial policy at each institution.

At present both the university and the agricultural college have several trust funds received from private donors, but there seems to be no definite or authoritative policy for handling these funds. At the university some of these funds are handled by the registrar, while others pass through the accounts of the State treasurer, but neither the business office at the university nor the office of the business manager at Topeka has these funds recorded in its books. At the agricultural college trust funds are handled as part of the bookeeping system of the business office at the college, but adequate record is not made in the books of the investment of some of these funds.

Several methods have been successfully used by other institutions for handling funds from private sources, and to some extent the method to be employed in Kansas will depend upon the policy of control of the Kansas State educational institutions. If it were feasible to have each institution incorporated as a separate unit, such incorporation would make it possible to provide the necessary machinery for handling funds of this kind. With an able financial officer at each institution, and with a system for investing these funds either through a finance committee of the board, or by private trust company, or through the State treasury, a system could be devised for handling these funds in a systematic and safe manner; but in whatever plan that is worked out, it is absolutely necessary to consider the individuality of each institution, so that the wishes of the donors may be fulfilled.

The commission has previously called attention to the need for adequate financial reports, and this need becomes especially apparent in a consideration of funds from private sources. Private donors should be assured in every way that gifts to an institution will be properly safeguarded, invested, and used, and that proper accounting will be made of such funds in published financial reports. As far as the commission has been able to find, no complete financial

statements of all financial transactions, including gift funds, have been published by any of the State educational institutions of Kansas during the past few years. A policy of this sort is certain to discourage private gifts, and the commission urges that special attention be given to this matter at an early date so that the State educational institutions of Kansas may receive their share of gifts for the support of higher education.

5. RUNNING INVENTORY SYSTEM.

Educational institutions have found it convenient to establish running inventory systems for equipment, under which all equipment is numbered and recorded as purchased, and indexed on card records. Under the laws of Kansas the State accountant is required to make an inventory of the property at each institution. An inventory of this kind has been made at the several educational institutions, but unfortunately the system devised is such that it can not be used at the educational institutions without great expenditure of time. It is therefore suggested that if an inventory system is to be installed, the systems now in use at leading educational institutions be used as a pattern.

SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS.

1. That, in so far as their powers relate to the institutions of higher learning, the present State board of administration be replaced with a nonpaid board of from seven to nine persons appointed by the governor, for terms of seven to nine years each.

2. That the office of business manager, with a clear definition of his relations to the new board, be retained as at present for the purchase of supplies, equipment, and supervision of the erection of buildings.

3. That the office of secretary to the new board for the higher institutions be created for the purpose of collecting comparable data from the institutions under the direction of the board and to conduct routine affairs of the office.

4. That the State law requiring the admission to the freshman class of all graduates from accredited high schools in Kansas be repealed.

5. That liberal arts and sciences, engineering, fine arts, medicine, pharmacy, architecture, law, commerce, education, and graduate study be recognized as major lines of work at the university.

6. That agriculture, engineering, home economics, vocational education, industrial journalism, graduate study, and the biological and physical sciences be recognized as major lines of work at the agricultural college.

7. That the agricultural college shift its architectural work to rural and landscape architecture and that the university alone develop the field of urban architecture. 8. That music at the agricultural college be developed primarily for service purposes, but with the privilege of granting degrees in music. Music work leading to degrees should not, however, be expanded indefinitely.

9. That journalism be developed for general professional purposes primarily at the university, but that the agricultural college be encouraged to develop its fouryear course of study leading to a degree in industrial journalism.

10. That home economics be developed at the university primarily for general home-making and teacher-training purposes.

11. That liberal arts at the agricultural college be developed for general cultural and citizenship purposes, but without emphasis as a major line of work.

12. That the requirements for certificates to teach in secondary schools, including both academic and vocational subjects, be increased to graduation from an accredited college or normal school, with adequate minimum subject matter preparation and professional training.

13. That no new normal schools in Kansas be established until the standard of teacher preparation has been raised to such a point as to constitute an increased demand for teacher training at the normal schools.

14. That all vocational, industrial engineering, and engineering courses at the normal schools for other than teacher-training purposes be abolished, except temporarily for the rehabilitation of soldiers at Pittsburg and Hays; and that in the meantime the vocational and regular students be separated rigidly into classes for each group.

15. That the normal schools be confined to granting the degree of bachelor of science in education.

16. That in preparing teachers of agriculture, home economics, physical training, manual arts, commerce, and trades and industries the normal schools attempt to give only service courses and not more than the first two years of four-year curricula in these fields. An exception should be made at the Pittsburg Normal School in favor of home economics, manual arts, and trades and industries.

17. That the teacher-training schools be given more adequate quarters and that the administration of the training schools be centralized in a director who is a member of the department of education.

18. That the normal schools place more emphasis on adequate subject-matter preparation for elementary-school teachers.

19. That the several institutions define their correspondence and extension work in accordance with the major functions of the respective institutions, and that the directors work out in cooperation a scheme for eliminating differences in practice with respect to credits and other matters.

20. That steps be taken at the earliest possible time to develop graduate study and research more extensively at the university and the agricultural college.

21. That the university and the agricultural college be relieved in so far as possible of all regulatory and police duties in the State, but that the research and analysis incident to these functions continue to be done at these institutions.

22. That the secondary school of agriculture at the State agricultural college be reorganized in such a way as that its attention may be concentrated on adult vocational education in agriculture, home economics, and mechanic arts.

23. That more suitable quarters and facilities to conduct the work of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps at the university be provided at the earliest possible time. 24. That all the higher institutions adopt devices to raise the standard of work done by students and to give encouragement to the students of unusual or marked ability. 25. That the basis of salaries at the university and the agricultural college be raised, in order that these institutions may compete successfully for the best talent whenever vacancies in the teaching staff occur.

26. That the system of dormitories for young women begun by appropriations at the last session of the legislature be continued until the young women students at each of the institutions are housed satisfactorily, and that additional appropriations be made at the next session of the legislature to continue the erection of buildings needed by the several institutions.

27. That as early as possible the legislature fix a mill tax for each of the higher institutions, in accordance with their respective needs for maintenance and buildings.

REPORT ON THE MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY

OF KANSAS.

By E. P. LYON, Dean, The Medical School, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minn.

To the Board of Administration, Topeka, Kans.

At your request I have made a study of the medical school of the University of Kansas. I spent May 22, 23, and 27 at Kansas City and May 24 at Lawrence. I visited the laboratories at both places, the existing hospital, and the new site of the medical school in Kansas City, Kans. I interviewed all available members of the faculty at Lawrence and many at Kansas City. I also saw numerous graduates of the school and other physicians in both Kansas City, Kans., and Kansas City, Mo., as well as some business men. At St. Louis I consulted Dr. N. P. Colwell, secretary of the Council on Medical Education of the American Medical Association, and Dr. C. H. Greene, of the University of Missouri.

LOCATION OF CLINICAL DEPARTMENTS.

It is understood by your inspector that after a full discussion it was decided two years ago that the practical instruction in medicine should be carried on in Kansas City, Kans. A new and much better site was purchased. Work on the first hospital building is in progress. Your inspector assumes that the question of the location of the medical school is closed.

The new site is satisfactory-a great improvement over the old. If, however, more land is available in the neighborhood, on both sides of the State line, it would be well if it could be obtained, either by the university or its friends, to be used by medical and allied institutions that might be willing to locate in the neighborhood. A medical school has much to offer such institutions; for example, a private hospital benefits by nearness to adequate pathological service. On the other hand, the medical school is benefited by any such institutions in its neighborhood.

LOCATION OF THE LABORATORY DEPARTMENTS.

The departments of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology, and biochemistry are at Lawrence. The department of pathology is at

Rosedale, and the department of physiology, which is charged with teaching pharmacology, conducts instruction in the latter subject at Rosedale, though most of its work is at Lawrence. The fundamental departments are therefore divided from each other and from the clinical departments. This is a serious handicap.

At Lawrence the department of physiology alone appears to be decently housed, and even this department, although it has a fair amount of space, can not be said to be permanently provided for in the basement rooms assigned to it. The departments of anatomy, bactericlogy, and biochemistry are much crowded, and the condition is growing intolerable as the classes increase in size. All these departments are in different buildings.

Recommendation 1: A building for the medical sciences should be provided at once.

When one takes up the question of the location of such building, two points of view and two lines of argument are presented: (a) In favor of retaining the present laboratory departments at Lawrence and even taking pathology in part to that place; (b) in favor of placing all the laboratory or preclinical departments at Kansas City, Kans., with the practical branches.

Your inspector is familiar with the arguments for and against the divided school. He has watched the development of the medical departments of various institutions, such as Rush Medical College (University of Chicago), Indiana University, University of Nebraska, University of Colorado, University of Wisconsin, University of Texas. He has attempted to review and evaluate the arguments on both sides in the light of the historical development and in the light of the present situation and the present sentiment in Kansas.

Recommendation 2: The policy of a unified medical school should be adopted now. As soon as possible the laboratory building should be erected at Kansas City. The departments of anatomy, bacteriology, biochemistry, and physiology should be moved to the latter city.

Even before a new building can be provided the question of the possible accommodation of these departments at the Rosedale campus by readjustments and the joint temporary use of laboratories might well be discussed.

REASONS FOR RECOMMENDATION 2.

Your inspector considers this recommendation so important that he will attempt to recapitulate the reasons for it:

1. Effect on the students.-The students need opportunities to study anatomy, physiology, bacteriology, and biochemistry throughout the four years of the medical course. They need constantly to be reminded that practical medicine is only the application of these sciences. They will have opportunities to study sick people

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