631, 41 L. Ed. 854, 17 Sup. Ct. 419, upholding law regulating heating of cars; Peirce v. Van Dusen, 78 Fed. 699, 24 C. C. A. 280, and Chicago etc. Ry. Co. v. Solan, 169 U. S. 138, 42 L. Ed. 692, 18 Sup. Ct. 291, both upholding law limiting carrier's right to contract against liability; Richmond etc. R. R. Co. v. R. A. Patterson Tobacco Co., 169 U. S. 316, 42 L. Ed. 761, 18 Sup. Ct. 337, upholding law placing onus of disproving loss of goods upon carrier; Lake Shore etc. Ry. Co. v. Ohio, 173 U. S. 295, 43 L. Ed. 706, 19 Sup. Ct. 469 (see dissenting opinion in 173 U. S. 324, 19 Sup. Ct. 480), upholding law requiring interstate trains to stop at certain stations; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Crovo, 220 U. S. 370, 372, 55 L. Ed. 501, 502, 31 Sup. Ct. 399, Western Union Tel. Co. v. Gilkinson, 46 Ind. App. 31, 90 N. E. 651, Stewart v. Western Union Tel. Co., 93 S. C. 122, 76 S. E. 112, and Brown v. Western Union Tel. Co., 85 S. C. 497, 137 Am. St. Rep. 914, 67 S. E. 147, all applying principle; Missouri etc. Ry. Co. v. Harris, 234 U. S. 416, L. R. A. 1915E, 942, 58 L. Ed. 1381, 34 Sup. Ct. 790, upholding law allowing twenty dollars attorney's fees in suit for damage to freight; Chicago etc. Ry. Co. v. Arkansas, 219 U. S. 466, 55 L. Ed. 297, 31 Sup. Ct. 275, upholding law requiring three brakemen on freight train of more than twenty-five cars; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Commercial Milling Co., 218 U. S. 419, 21 Ann. Cas. 815, 36 L. R. A. (N. S.) 220, 54 L. Ed. 1092, 31 Sup. Ct. 59, upholding statute refusing to allow telegraph companies to limit liability; Atlantic Coast Line R. R. Co. v. Mazursky, 216 U. S. 133, 54 L. Ed. 417, 30 Sup. Ct. 378, holding State may penalize common carrier for failure to adjust claim within certain time; Missouri Pacific Ry. Co. v. Larabee Flour Mills Co., 211 U. S. 622, 53 L. Ed. 360, 29 Sup. Ct. 214, holding State could compel carrier to connect with flour mill; Cleveland etc. Ry. Co. v. Illinois, 177 U. S. 517, 44 L. Ed. 869, 20 Sup. Ct. 723, holding unconstitutional Ill. Act, March 21, 1874, § 26, requiring all regular passenger trains to stop at county seats; Gardner v. Western Union Tel. Co., 231, Fed. 410, holding legislature may provide that telegraph company shall not be liable in damages unless claim presented within sixty days; American Linseed Oil Co. v. Crumbine, 207 Fed. 388, 125 C. C. A. 82, holding State could prohibit sale of adulterated turpentine; Ivy v. Western Union Tel. Co., 165 Fed. 377, upholding law making telegraph companies liable for mental anguish; Box v. Postal Telegraph-Cable Co., 165 Fed. 141, 28 L. R. A. (N. S.) 566, 81 C. C. A. 172, holding telegraph company must send unrepeated message with reasonable promptness; Logan & Bryan v. Postal Tel. etc. Co., 157 Fed. 584, holding State can prohibit dealings in futures; St. Louis etc. Ry. Co. v. Edwards, 94 Ark. 397, 127 S. W. 714, upholding statute prescribing penalty for failure to notify consignee of arrival of shipment; Arkansas etc. Ry. Co. v. German Nat. Bank, 77 Ark. 489, 92 S. W. 524, upholding Kirby's Dig., § 530, making railroad liable for nondelivery of goods to holder of bill of lading, properly indorsed; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Ford, 77 Ark. 535, 92 S. W. 529, recovery allowed for mental anguish caused by delay in delivering message, though statute of State from which message sent allows no such recovery; Vandalia R. Co. v. Railroad Commission, 182 Ind. 387, 101 N. E. 87, holding State might prescribe size of headlights to be used on locomotives; Southern Ry. Co. v. Railroad Commission, 179 Ind. 34, 37, 100 N. E. 340, 342, holding State may require railroad to install grab-irons on cars; Railroad Commission v. Grand Trunk etc. R. Co., 179 Ind. 260, 100 N. E. 854, holding State may require railroads to install block system; State ex rel. Hooton v. Western Union Tel. Co., 172 Ind. 24, 87 N. E. 642, holding State may require free delivery within one mile of station; State v. Lowry, 166 Ind. 379, 9 Ann. Cas. 350, 4 L. R. A. (N. S.) 528, 77 N. E. 730, holding State could prohibit sale of cigarettes; United States Express Co. v. State, 164 Ind. 204, 206, 73 N. E. 104, upholding Burns' Ann. Stats. 1901, § 3312a, requiring express company to deliver matter to consignee at residence within city of two thousand five hundred or more inhabitants; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Carter, 156 Ind. 532, 60 N. E. 305, holding Indiana statute imposing penalty upon company for nondelivery of message does not apply to message sent outside of State; Oneida Farmers' Shipping Assn. v. St. Joseph etc. Ry. Co., 90 Kan. 279, 281, 133 Pac. 889, 890, allowing action for delay in transportation of grain; City of Leavenworth v. Ewing, 80 Kan. 61, 101 Pac. 665, holding State could impose occupation tax on express companies; State ex rel. Coleman v. Western Union Tel. Co., 75 Kan. 647, 653, 657, 90 Pac. 313, 315, 317, upholding charter fee imposed on telegraph companies; Louisville etc. R. Co. v. Central Stockyards Co., 133 Ky. 188, 97 S. W. 792, upholding statute prescribing penalty for discrimination in switching cars; Louisville v. Wehmhoff, 116 Ky. 848, 79 S. W. 202, upholding ordinance prohibiting telegraphic transmission of bets to poolroom through message from other State; Postal Telegraph-Cable Co. v. State, 110 Md. 617, 618, 73 Atl. 683, upholding law requiring telegraph company to put time of sending and receiving on message; Vermilye v. Western Union Tel. Co., 207 Mass. 406, 93 N. E. 637, holding telegraph company could not refuse message not written on company's form; Commonwealth v. Strauss, 191 Mass. 555, 78 N. E. 139, upholding R. L., c. 56, § 1, forbidding vendor making it condition of sale that vendee shall not sell goods of another; Commercial Milling Co. v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 151 Mich. 436, 439, 115 N. W. 700, 702, upholding law prohibiting telegraph companies limiting their liability; Mobile etc. R. Co. v. Greenwald & Champenois, 104 Miss. 419, 61 South. 427, upholding penalty of twenty-five dollars imposed on shipper failing to settle on time; Yazoo etc. R. Co. v. Greenwood Grocery Co., 96 Miss. 416, 51 South. 453, holding railroad commission may impose reciprocal demurrage rules; Marshall v. Western Union Tel. Co., 79 Miss. 160, 161, 162, 89 Am. St. Rep. 586, 587, 27 South. 615, holding section 4326 of Code, 1892, imposing penalty for failure to transmit message correctly, does not apply to delay in transmission; Adcox v. Western Union Telegraph Co., 171 Mo. App. 336, 157 S. W. 990, and Hewitt v. Western Union Tel. Co., 172 Mo. App. 276, 277, 157 S. W. 828, 829, both upholding penalty of three hundred dollars for delay; State v. Northern Pac. Ry. Co., 36 Mont. 587, 13 Ann. Cas. 144, 15 L. R. A. (N. S.) 134, 93 Pac. 946, holding State could regulate hours of employment of railway employees; Purdy v. Erie R. R. Co., 162 N. Y. 51, 56 N. E. 510, upholding Laws 1895, c. 1027, requiring railroads operating within State to issue mileage-books; I. M. Pace Mule Co. v. Seaboard Air Line Ry. Co., 160 N. C. 229. 76 S. E. 518, holding State could prohibit carrier from limiting its liability; Penn v. Western Union Tel. Co., 159 N. C. 310, 41 L. R. A. (N. S.) 223, 75 S. E. 18, allowing action in tort for delay in transmitting message; Reid v. Southern Ry. Co., 153 N. C. 494, 495, 497, 69 S. E. 620, 621, holding State may hold initial carrier for damages occurring on line of connecting carrier; Reid & Beam v. Southern Ry. Co., 150 N. C. 761, 17 Ann. Cas. 247, 64 S. E. 877, holding State may impose fine of fifty dollars for each day carrier refuses to receive freight; Garrison v. Southern Ry. Co., 50 N. C. 589, 64 S. E. 584, holding State may penalize carrier for refusal to receive freight; MorrisScarboro-Moffitt Co. v. Southern Express Co., 146 N. C. 173, 15 L. R. A. (N. S.) 983, 59 S. E. 669, holding State may penalize carrier for failure to adjust loss within certain time; Harrill Bros. v. Southern Ry. Co., 144 N. C. 539, 57 S. E. 385, upholding law imposing penalty on railroad for refusa. to receive freight; Chicago etc. Ry. Co. v. Beatty, 34 Okl. 325, 42 L. R. A. (N. S.) 984, 118 Pac. 368, upholding penalty of one dollar per day for failure to furnish cars; Western Union Tel. Co. v. State, 31 Okl. 426, 429, 121 Pac. 1074, 1075, upholding law prohibiting delivery charge within two miles of office; Balderston v. Western Union Tel. Co., 79 S. E. 162, 60 S. E. 436, holding action for delay is ex delicto; Charles v. Atlantic etc. R. Co., 78 S. C. 42, 125 Am. St. Rep. 762, 58 S. E. 930, and Varnville Furniture Co. v. Charleston etc. Ry. Co., 98 S. C. 68, 79 S. E. 701, both holding State might penalize failure to adjust claim within certain time; Walker v. Western Union Tel. Co., 75 S. C. 526, 56 S. E. 42, holding stipulation on back of telegraph blank will not relieve carrier; Western Union Tel. Co. v. White, 113 Va. 423, 424, 425, 74 S. E. 175, 176, applying penalty where carrier lost message; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Hughes, 104 Va. 241, 51 S. E. 225, where point of transmission and destination are within State, fact that message traveled over company's lines outside State part of distance does not constitute interstate business; Postal Tel. Cable Co. v. Umstadter, 103 Va. 744, 747, 748, 50 S. E. 260, 261, upholding Code 1887, § 1291, penalizing telegraph company failing to transmit either within or without State; Atlantic etc. Ry. Co. v. Commonwealth, 102 Va. 616, 46 S. E. 916, upholding rules prescribed by corporation commission relative to demurrage, storage, car service and car detention charges; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Reynolds, 100 Va. 467, 93 Am. St. Rep. 975, 41 S. E. 858, upholding Code, § 1291, imposing penalty for failure to deliver telegram promptly; dissenting opinion in Traynham v. Charleston etc. Ry. Co., 92 S. C. 51, 56, 75 S. E. 384, 385, majority holding carrier not liable for penalty where shipment passed out of State. Distinguished in Central Stockyards Co. v. Louisville & N. R. R. Co., 118 Fed. 120, 63 L. R. A. 213, 55 С. С. А. 63, holding State cannot compel company to transfer cars to connecting line where received from another State; Hart v. State, 100 Md. 610, 60 Atl. 461, holding Act 1904, с. 109, p. 186, requiring carrier to furnish separate coaches for white and colored passengers and imposing penalty for refusing to occupy seat assigned, void as to interstate passengers; Jennings v. Big Sandy etc. R. Co., 61 W. Va. 666, 57 S. E. 273, and Blalock Hardware Co. v. Seaboard etc. Ry. Co., 170 N. C. 397, 86 S. E. 1027, both holding State could not impose penalty for charging excessive rates; Downey v. Northern Pac. Ry. Co., 19 N. D. 625, 26 L. R. A. (N. S.) 1017, 125 N. W. 477, refusing to uphold State regulations for shipment of livestock; Southern Ry. Co. v. Howard, 1 Tenn. Civ. 610, holding injured railway employee must bring his action under Federal Liability Act; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Bilisoly, 116 Va. 564, 82 S. E. 92, holding act of Congress 1910, removed State's power to penalize telegraph companies; Western Union Tel. Co. v. Davis, 114 Va. 155, 75 S. E. 767, holding law improving penalty cannot be given extraterritorial force; Southern Ry. Co. v. Commonwealth, 107 Va. 782, 17 L. R. A. (N. S.) 364, 60 S. E. 74, holding statute imposing forfeiture for failure to furnish cars could not apply to shipments outside of State; dissenting opinion in Western Union Tel. Co. v. Hughes, 104 Va. 247, 51 S. E. 227, majority holding where points of transmission and destination are within State, fact that message traveled part way over company's lines outside State does not constitute interstate business. State statutes penalizing negligent handling of telegrams as regula- Transportation between points in same State over route partly in Telegraph lines are instruments of commerce within commerce clause. Approved in Carver v. State, 11 Ga. App. 25, 74 S. E. 557, holding State cannot prohibit telegraph companies from placing poles on roads. Legislation which is mere aid to commerce may be enacted by a State. Approved in Erie R. R. Co. v. Purdy, 185 U. S. 150, 46 L. Ed. 849, 22 Sup. Ct. 606, holding no Federal question presented by claim that mileage-book statute infringes on commerce power where State court upheld same as confined to State; Ex parte Young, 36 Or. 250, 78 Am. St. Rep. 774, 59 Pac. 708, upholding Hills' Ann. Laws, § 1952, forbidding any person to persuade seamen to desert vessel within State waters; Gray v. Western Union Tel. Co., 108 Tenn. 50, 91 Am. St. Rep. 712, 64 S. W. 1066, holding, under Shannon's Code, § 1838, company is liable to suit for mental anguish caused by failure to deliver mes sage. State's imposition of penalty for telegraph company's neglect of legal duty is not commerce regulation. Approved in Western Union Tel. Co. v. Wilson, 213 U. S. 54, 53 L. Ed. 694, 29 Sup. Ct. 403, holding State court's refusal to allow plea setting up Federal question will not support appeal to Federal Supreme Court; Kelley v. Great Northern Ry. Co., 152 Fed. 219, and Spain v. St. Louis etc. R. Co., 151 Fed. 526, both upholding Federal Compensation Act; Southern Ry. Co. v. Atlanta Sand etc. Co., 135 Ga. 41, 68 S. E. 810, holding State could penalize railroad for delay in furnishing cars; Pittsburgh etc. Ry. Co. v. Hunt, 171 Ind. 211, 86 N. E. 336, holding State could require railroad to make connection with another road; Bradbury v. Chicago etc. Ry. Co., 149 Iowa, 56, 40 L. R. A. (N. S.) 684, 128 N. W. 3, holding State courts have jurisdiction of suit against interstate carrier; Missouri etc. Ry. Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S. 634, 42 L. Ed. 885, 18 Sup. Ct. 496 (see dissenting opinion in 169 U. S. 642, 42 L. Ed. 888, 18 Sup. Ct. 499), upholding law against importation of diseased cattle; Burgess v. Western Union Tel. Co., 92 Tex. 127, 71 Am. St. Rep. 834, 46 S. W. 795, upholding statute limiting time of suit; Addyston Pipe etc. Co. v. United States, 175 U. S. 231, 44 L. Ed. 144, 20 Sup. Ct. 103, arguendo. Distinguished in Southern Ry. Co. v. Reid, 222 U. S. 435, 436, 56 L. Ed. 259, 260, 32 Sup. Ct. 140, holding State cannot penalize refusal of carrier to receive freight; Louisville etc. R. Co. v. Hughes, 201 Fed. 737, holding State could not require inspection of boilers used in interstate commerce; Shepard v. Northern Pac. Ry. Co., 184 Fed. 771, holding State cannot establish railroad rates so as to affect interstate commerce; Commonwealth v. People's Express Co., 201 Mass. 578, 131 Am. St. Rep. 416, 88 N. E. 425, holding State could not require license of express company doing interstate business; St. Louis etc. R. Co. v. State, 26 Okl. 69, 30 L. R. A. (N. S.) 137, 107 Pac. 932, holding State cannot require railroad to furnish ten days' free storage. Notice of exemption from liability printed on telegraph blank, as affecting addressee of message. Note, 19 Ann. Cas. 903. Validity of stipulation in telegraph blank limiting liability of company unless message is repeated. Note, 10 Ann. Cas. 858. Liability of telegraph company for refusal to accept message -for transmission. Note, Ann. Cas. 1916D, 468. |