SEC. 4. Blackboards shall be preferably of slate, but of whatever material, the color shall be a dead black.

SEC. 5. All schoolhouses shall be supplied with pure drinking water, and the water supply shall be from driven wells or other source approved by the local health authorities. Whenever it is practicable, flowing sanitary drinking fountains which do not require drinking cups shall be provided. When water is not supplied from public water faucets, sanitary flowing fountains, or wells, then covered tanks or covered coolers with free-flowing faucets shall be provided. All schoolhouse wells shall be supplied with troughs or drains to carry away waste water, and under no conditions shall pools or sodden places or mudholes be allowed to exist near a well.

SEC. 6. Heating apparatus of all kinds shall be capable of maintaining a temperature of 70° F. in zero weather and of maintaining a relative humidity of at least 30 per cent, and said heaters shall receive air from outside the building and after heating, introduce it into the school room at a point not less than 5 feet from the floor and at a minimum rate of 30 cubic feet per minute for each pupil. When direct-indirect steam or hot-water heating is adopted, then the openings or ducts for admitting outside air shall be opposite the radiators. Halls and office rooms may be heated with direct steam or hot-water radiators, but direct steam and direct hot-water heating are forbidden for school rooms. Ordinary stoves without jackets and inlets for fresh outside air are condemned and forbidden.

All school rooms shall be provided with efficient exit ventilating ducts of ample size, placed near the floor on the side of the room nearest the inlet.

SEC. 7. Water-closets, or dry closets, when provided, shall be efficient and sanitary in every particular, and when said closets are not provided, then good fly-tight, wellventilated outhouses for the sexes, separated by closely built fences, shall be provided. Good dry walks shall lead to all outhouses, and solid screens or shields shall be built in front of them. Outhouses for males shall have urinals arranged with stalls and with conduits of galvanized iron or other impervious material draining into a sewer, vault, or other suitable place.

SEC. 8. These rules directing specific features in the construction of schoolhouses necessary to secure sanitary conditions shall apply to all new buildings erected and to all old buildings rebuilt or remodeled after the passage of said regulations, and all health officers shall see to the enforcement of these regulations and promptly enter prosecution for any violation thereof.

MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES, RULES, AND REGULATIONS

PERTAINING TO PUBLIC HEALTH.

ALAMEDA, CAL.

Rabies-Control of. (Ordinance No. 604 adopted Aug. 20, 1912.)

SECTION 1. It shall be unlawful for any person owning, having an interest in, harboring, or having the care, charge, control, custody, or possession of any dog to allow or permit such dog to go free or to run at large in or upon any public street, alley, or other public place, or in or upon any uninclosed lot or premises, unless such dog is so muzzled as to prevent the same from biting any person or animal.

SEC. 2. All such muzzles or apparatus for muzzling dogs shall be made of wire, of a design approved by the board of health of said city, and shall be securely strapped to the dog's head, and shall be so made and applied that same will completely surround the jaw and nose of the dog on which the same is fastened and be so as to prevent the dog from biting or seizing any person of thing, but so as to allow the opening of the mouth of such animal and allow it to breathe and drink with freedom.

SEC. 3. The term "uninclosed lot or premises" as used in this ordinance is hereby defined to mean any lot, land, or premises not inclosed in such a manner as to prevent any dog confined therein from escaping therefrom.

SEC. 4. It shall be the duty of the poundmaster of the city of Alameda to cause to be captured every dog not muzzled as required by this ordinance and found going free or running at large in or upon any public street, alley, or other place, or in or upon any uninclosed lot or premises within the city of Alemeda; or in case the poundmaster shall, upon pursuit, be unable to capture such dog, it shall be the duty of such officer to kill such dog. Dogs captured under the provisions of this section shall be separately confined.

SEC. 5. Any person having in confinement dogs suspected of rabies shall report the capture to the health officer of the city of Alameda and shall submit such dog to the examination of the health officer or his representative, and it shall be the duty of the health officer, when called upon, to examine, or have examined, such dog if it is suspected of having rabies, and to ascertain whether or not such dog is afflicted with rabies. Dogs captured under provision of section 4 and suspected of having rabies shall not be killed, but shall be kept in confinement until the health officer or his representative shall find that further observation of the live animal is not nec essary for the determination of the presence or absence of rabies. After the permission of the health officer has been secured, dogs afflicted with rabies may be killed. The person or officer capturing any dog shall, if the owner thereof is known to him, notify such owner that such dog has been captured. If any dog is found not to be afflicted with rabies and is not reclaimed by the owner thereof or other person claiming the same within five days after capture, such dog shall be killed in some humane manner by the person capturing the same, or the officer to whom the dog was delivered. Any person reclaiming any dog captured or confined under the provisions of this ordinance shall pay to the poundmaster such fee or fees as are provided in Ordinance No. 577 for the reclaiming of stray and unlicensed dogs, and such fees when so collected by said poundmaster shall be by him immediately paid into the treasury of the city of Alameda, and shall be thereafter, by the city treasurer, placed in the general fund.

SEC. 6. Whenever the owner or person having the custody or possession of any animal shall observe or learn that such animal has shown symptoms of rabies, or has acted in a manner which would lead a reasonable man to a suspicion that it might have rabies, such owner or person having the custody or possession of such animal shall immediately notify the health officer or his representative, and shall allow the health officer to make an inspection or examination of such animal, and to quarantine such animal until it shall be established to the satisfaction of said official that such animal has or has not rabies.

SEC. 7. Whenever it is shown that any dog has bitten any person, the owner or person having the custody or possession thereof shall, upon order of the health officer, deliver such dog to the poundmaster who shall quarantine it and keep it tied up or confined for a period of two weeks, and the health officer may make an inspection or examination thereof at any time during said period. If it shall appear to the health officer, upon an examination as aforesaid or otherwise, that a dog has rabies, he may kill it forthwith.

SEC. 8. Whenever any animal shall be bitten by another animal having rabies, the owner or person having the custody or possession of the animal so bitten shall, upon being informed thereof, either kill such animal or quarantine it and keep it tied up or confined for a period of six months, and the health officer shall have power, in his discretion, to kill or quarantine the animal so bitten, in case the owner or person having custody or possession thereof shall fail to do so immediately, or in case the owner or person having custody thereof is not readily accessible.

SEC. 9. No person shall bring a dog into the city of Alameda from any part of any county in which rabies has been known to exist within six months previously, except upon the written permission of the health officer of the city of Alameda; and such permission is to be granted only if the health officer is convinced that said dog, whenever in this city during a subsequent period of six months, will be confined or muzzled as indicated in sections 1 and 2 of this ordinance, regardless of whether this ordinance shall be in force during the entire period of six months.

SEC. 10. Any person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than $300, or by imprisonment in the city jail for a period of not more than 90 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 11. This ordinance shall take effect and be in force immediately on and after its passage and shall continue in effect thereafter until and including the 31st day of December, 1912.

BELLEVUE, OHIO.

Privies and cesspools-Construction, and removal of contents of. (Regulations Board of Health adopted Mar. 21, 1912.)

CONSTRUCTION.

SECTION 1. The construction of privy vaults will be permitted only on premises where city water and sewer are not accessible and shall be 4 feet deep and made of either brick or concrete. The walls of such vaults if made of brick shall be of hardburned sewer brick not less than 8 inches thick (one brick thick) laid in Portland cement mortar and the walls plastered outside and inside with a half-inch coat of Portland cement mortar in proportion of 1 part of Portland cement and 2 parts of clean, sharp sand. After this coating is put on it shall be given a 1-coat wash of liquid Portland cement. The bottom shall be at least three brick course thick laid in cement mortar, or of Portland cement concrete 8 inches thick.

When Portland cement concrete is used to construct vaults, the walls shall be at least 6 inches thick, laid to a form, and the concrete shall be made of 1 part of live

Portland cement, 3 parts of clean sharp sand and 5 parts crushed stone, free from dust and of sizes between one-fourth and 1 inches in largest diameter, and shall be plastered and grouted inside and out as prescribed above for brick construction. Vaults shall be made water-tight and their walls continued 12 inches above the ground surface to prevent surface drainage. No retempered cement shall be used. SEC. 2. Privy vaults shall not be constructed on line of sewered streets nor shall any old vault be connected to sewer.

SEC. 3. Vaults now existing on premises abutting city sewer and provided with city water must be cleaned to the bottom and filled with earth or ashes.

SEC. 4. On premises not accessible to city sewer a vault as prescribed in section 1 must be constructed.

REMOVAL OF CONTENTS,

SECTION 1. No person, firm, or corporation shall remove night soil or clean vaults unless a permit is first obtained of the board of health for that purpose, and shall give bond in the sum of $500 for the faithful performance of the work. Any person qualifying to remove the contents of privy vaults shall be known as a vault cleaner, and must observe the following rules for doing the work:

(a) The vault cleaner shall have an adequate number of horses, wagons, and employees to carry on the work within the time limit of each permit. He must have an adequate number of water-tight barrels, boxes, or wagon boxes with air-tight lids or tops and all of a character to meet the approval of the health officer. He must provide a dump where night soil may be deposited according to law (sec. 6923 R. S.), and employ cleansing and disinfecting agents as may be directed by the board of health. (b) The vault cleaner, before performing the work, shall secure from the health officer a written permit for each and every privy vault to be cleaned. The permit shall be issued only on condition that the vault cleaner shall remove the entire contents of the vault and disinfect said vault after the contents are removed, and remove and dispose of such contents in the manner and during the time specified by the health officer. (c) The vault cleaner must certify to the health officer a statement that the work in each case has been satisfactorily done, and statement may be required by the property owner or agent before settlement is made with the vault cleaner.

(d) The vault cleaner shall not charge more than 35 cents per barrel for night soil removed.

(e) The contents of vaults must be conveyed to the dump promptly after they are removed from the vault.

(ƒ) The vault cleaner shall clean each and every vault within the time limit prescribed on the permit to do such work. He shall leave the privy building over the vault in as good condition as that in which he found it and permit no night soil to remain in the yard or alley.

SEC. 2. Any vault cleaner creating a nuisance as defined in this code will be prosecuted according to law.

SEC. 3. Any vault cleaner or his employees violating any of the rules or regulations for the removal of night soil as herein defined (after a hearing before the board of health) shall forfeit his qualifications as a vault cleaner and receive no further permits to clean vaults.

SEC. 4. Upon sufficient evidence to warrant the revocation of permits, the work of any vault cleaner may be suspended by the health officer until a hearing of the case may be had before the board of health.

SEC. 5. Every vault cleaner shall be held responsible for a violation of the provisions of this code by his employees.

BERKELEY, CAL.

Dogs-Muzzling and Keeping of. (Ordinance Adopted July 23, 1912.)

SECTION 1. Every person owning or having control of any dog shall keep such dog within a sufficient inclosure, or securely chain such dog on the premises of the person owning or having control of such dog, except as hereinafter provided.

SEC. 2. It shall be unlawful for any person owning or having control of any dog to allow such dog upon any of the public streets, squares, parks, or other public places of the city of Berkeley, unless such dog shall either be in charge of some competent person leading or controlling such dog by a line, rope, or chain, or shall be muzzled with a wire muzzle of a design approved by the council of the city of Berkeley.

SEC. 3. Every dog running at large in violation of the provisions of this ordinance shall be immediately impounded in the public pound by any peace officer, or by the poundmaster, subject to redemption or sale, as provided by ordinance No. 13-N. S.

SEC. 4. If any dog shall bite any person or animal within the city of Berkeley, the owner or person having control of such dog shall, upon request of any peace officer, deliver such dog to such peace officer to be held for 10 days for the purpose of determining whether or not such dog is afflicted with rabies, and the owner of such dog shall pay all the expenses of the keeping thereof during the time such dog shall be so held. SEC. 5. Every person violating any of the provisions of this ordinance, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $25, or by imprisonment for not more than 30 days, or by both such fine and imprisonment.

SEC. 6. This ordinance is hereby declared to be urgent and necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health and safety and to more fully protect and promote the public welfare, and shall take effect immediately upon its final passage, and shall continue in effect thereafter until and including the first day of January, 1913.

BROCKTON, MASS.

Foodstuffs-Care and sale. (Regulation, Board of Health, adopted Aug. 1, 1912.)

SECTION 1. No person shall allow the body of any animal or part thereof, or any bread, pastry, poultry, or other provisions which may be used as human food, to be carted or carried through the streets or avenues of the city of Brockton unless it be so covered as to protect it from dust, dirt, and flies.

SEC. 2. No cherries, blackberries, huckleberries, raspberries, strawberries, grapes, dates, figs, salted peanuts, cracked nuts of any kind, corn cakes, corn crisp, candy of any description, maple sugar, or any other article or foodstuff which may be used for human food without cooking or peeling, shall be kept or exposed for sale in any street or public place, or outside of any shop or store, or in the open windows or doorways thereof, unless they be kept covered so that they shall be protected from dust, dirt, and flies.

SEC. 3. No vegetables or other articles which are to be used as human food shall be kept or placed or exposed for sale outside of any shop, store, or market, or in the open windows or doorways thereof, where it is possible for such vegetables or other articles to be contaminated by dogs.

SEC. 4. Every person, being the occupant or lessee or any room, stall, building, or place where any meat, fish, birds, fowl, milk, vegetables, butter, fruit, or other articles intended or held for human food shall be stored or kept or shall be offered for sale, shall put and keep such room, stall, building, or place and its appurtenances in a clean and wholesome condition; and every person having charge or interested or engaged, whether as principal or agent, in the care or in respect to the custody or sale of any meat, fish, birds, fowl, milk, butter, fruit, vegetables, or other