[References are to sections]

FOREIGN COMMERCE-Continued

foreign carriers and discriminations, 114.
due to competitive conditions, 117.

import rates regulated by competition, 118.
less than his local charge for the same haul, 118.
export rates regulated by competition, 119.

export rate may reasonably be less, 119.

foreign competition justifies necessary differences, 120.

2. Such proportionals must be scheduled.

export and import rates scheduled, 117.
requisites of port proportionals, 116.
must be an open rate, 115.

must include other foreign countries, 116.
rate must be filed, 115.

not applicable to goods billed locally, 115.

basis of export rates, 881.

low inland proportional rate, 881.

scheduling of export rates, 841.

applied only to actual, 881.

position of ocean carriers, 113.

limitations upon export and import rates, 121.
foreign carriers, 112.

adjacent countries, 112.

[References are to sections]

HISTORY OF COMMON-LAW REGULATION-Continued
difficulty of distribution as a factor, 24.
scarcity of advantageous sites, 25.

limitation of available time, 26.

the public services a necessity, 27.

economic limitations create public employment, 28.
cost of the plant, 29.

4. Modern regulation of public services.

necessary regulation of virtual monopoly, 32.
economic conditions at the present time, 33.
control of the public services, 34.

differentiation of the public service law, 35.
unity of the public service law, 36.

the modern programme of State control, 37.

HISTORY OF STATUTORY REGULATION,
1. Course of legislation in England.

parliamentary regulation of rates, 8.
persistence of the legislative power, 10.
carrier's liability before 1830, 52.
the carrier's Act of 1830, 53.

the railway and canal traffic Act of 1854, 54.
the railway and canal commission, 55.

scope of its powers, 56.

increase by later amendments, 57.

influence of English legislation, 58.
authority of English decisions, 59.

2. Legislation in the States.

restriction of prices in the colonies, 9.
special restrictions in early charters, 19.

the granger rate legislation, 60.

railroad commissions of former times, 61.

additions to their powers, 62.

the modern public service commissions, 63.

the spread of the movement, 64.

extent of their supervision, 65.

regulation of rates, 66.

adequacy of service, 67.

keeping of accounts, 68.

issue of securities, 69.

inherent limitations upon commission action, 103.

HOLDING COMPANY,

See CONSOLIDATION.

I

IMPORT RATES,

See FOREIGN COMMERCE.