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PROGRAM EXPANSION IN SOUTH AMERICA

Senator ELLENDER. By the same token, you say you are going to expand in South America. Is that to establish new facilities or to augment the ones you now have in the field?

Mr. STREIBERT. This is entirely for publications, for pamphlets, for papers, not regular newspapers, for printed material of all kinds and varieties. That is what this item covers, both in India and the Near East and in the American Republics.

I can give you a couple of examples.

Mr. Clark, do you have any in mind, particularly for American Republics?

Mr. CLARK. Senator, insofar as the American Republics are concerned, we are not, in this fund, requesting any increased facility as far as the press is concerned. We are requesting increased materials, pamphlets, books, increased service on our wireless file, increased service to the daily press, particularly in Brazil.

Senator ELLENDER. In my investigation in South America, I found that many press services could well afford to obtain facilities from commercial routes. In other words, they got so accustomed to obtaining it from us that they wanted us to continue.

Mr. CLARK. I just returned from South America yesterday and I looked into that particular point you mentioned. We are not in the news business as such. We make great efforts not to compete with commercial news agencies. Ours is not a job of spot news. However, ours is a job of bringing to the outlets in these countries materials about our policies, about what we want.

For instance, no commercial news agency could possibly have provided the leading newspaper in Rio with a series of articles on peacetime use of atomic energy.

Senator ELLENDER. You are doing that now, and I do not see why you should expand it.

Mr. CLARK. We are doing so little of it, sir. We are not doing enough.

Senator ELLENDER. You are going to further aggravate the situation, then, by making them more dependent on you in many areas. Mr. CLARK. We hope that the local press will look to the United States for information and not look to the United States Government for commercial news.

Mr. STREIBERT. They cannot publish a competitive newspaper on our news service.

Senator ELLENDER. Is it a fact, though, that much of the data that you send is also used and distributed by the local news agencies? Mr. STREIBERT. No, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. Are you sure of that?

Mr. STREIBERT. We make it available to the local news agencies. Senator ELLENDER. The local agencies use your material and your stuff?

Mr. STREIBERT. We want them to get it.

Senator ELLENDER. I do not see why we should get it for them when they would do it themselves. In many instances that is the case. Mr. STREIBERT. Well, if we can get them to expand the use of our kind of news in our behalf we would be doing a great job.pi

PUBLISHING OF CARTOONS

Senator SMITH of Maine. What do you do about cartoons?

Mr. STREIBERT. I am glad you asked that because we have a very interesting story on cartoons.

Mr. Logan, who heads up that press and publication service, can speak to it.

Mr. LOGAN. I am not sure whether we should show the cartoons here or not. They are not classified, but we are trying to keep domestic publicity down on them to make them more effective.

Senator SMITH of Maine. I think is would be well for the committee to have a chance to look at those in executive session, if you please. I am quite anxious myself to know what is going out in the way of cartoons. I would like to know how you use them.

Mr. LOGAN. I can describe the two most important cartoon series that we produce.

One of them, I think, you would call a panel cartoon. It is made up of three panels, one of which is information, or, if you wish, a propaganda panel and where we get over one point.

The other two surrounding panels are for attracting the readers' attention and drawing him into the subject. I realize that this is not an executive session

Senator ELLENDER. Why should this be executive?

Mr. STREIBERT. If the readers of the papers taking such cartoons knew that they were produced for our purposes the papers might drop them.

Mr. LOGAN. The paper knows; the readers don't generally; that is the story.

Senator SMITH of Maine. I notice you have $4,500 in 1954 and $9,000 this year. Is that because there is greater call for them? Mr. LOGAN. I can give statistics on their use. We now have one cartoon strip, which is a direct anti-Communist strip, done in pantomime which requires no translation. Our use of it is well over 100 million readers a week. That is a very popular cartoon. I expect it has possibly the most readers of any cartoon strip in the world.

The other, the information cartoon and the panel cartoon, has something around 60 million readers. It appears in some 700 newspapers. Now those are checkable figures in terms of the newspapers in which it appears and the readers or the circulation at least of the newspapers. The two cartoons together appear in some 1,200 newspapers around the world.

Senator SMITH of Maine. Do you furnish those by mat, is it a mat service?

Mr. LOGAN. We furnish a plastic plate, so called, which is a very inexpensive, very light, but very effective mat, in a sense.

It does not require any work on the part of the paper; it can simply be put in and run as type would be.

Senator SMITH of Maine. So there will not be any misunderstanding about it, we do have something in the record about cartoons. I did not realize we had quite as complete a record which will go in the hearings which will be made public when this is finished.

Senator ELLENDER. This is furnished to the newspapers, the number you just mentioned, free of charge?

Mr. LOGAN. Yes, sir.

Senator ELLENDER. It does not cost anything; you don't pay anything to the newspapers for their use?

Mr. LOGAN. We pay nothing, and they pay nothing.

PRESSES IN SERVICE

Senator ELLENDER. I was at Manila and Beirut where you produced presses for various posts. Do you have any other presses in operation?

Mr. LOGAN. We as IPS do not have other presses. Certain missions do have small presses where they produce locally.

As IPS, International Press Service, we have only the 2 regional reproduction centers, 1 in Manila and 1 in Beirut, where we produce material; and we have employees only at those 2 points.

Senator SMITH of Maine. You do direct missions, so they would automatically come under you?

Mr. LOGAN. No, we don't direct them.

Mr. STREIBERT. Would it be FOA missions?

Mr. LOGAN. Our own USIS missions might have presses or the embassies might have presses. I mean the press service, as such, Mr. Streibert.

Mr. STREIBERT. She wants to know about our whole USIS.

Senator SMITH of Maine. I want to be sure that the record had in it the number of presses that we were operating through your agency. I understood you to say Manila and Beirut; I understood you to say that the missions have their own presses.

Now I would like to know, for the record, not now necessarily, how of those we have that we are paying for?

many

Mr. STREIBERT. They would be offset presses and small presses. We can get that for the record.

(The information referred to follows:)

Senator ELLENDER. It had in Manila, as I recall; I saw a few copies of it in the Far East. It is some kind of pamphlet, is it not? Mr. STREIBERT. It prints those pamphlets and posters and prints books. There is quite a plant in Manila.

SOURCE OF PRESS MATERIAL

Senator ELLENDER. The material that they print comes from you, you feed it to them?

Mr. STREIBERT. No, they are a factory to serve that Far East area, and if, as in Vietnam, they want to get out a piece of printed material

like this, which is a piece from there, they would send over the copy and this illustration and say make up 100,000 of these little fliers. They do it on order of USIS in Vietnam, and use its allocation of funds.

Senator ELLENDER. From the United States?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, from the United States.

Senator ELLENDER. It is a service, then, performed by you for that area instead of being done here?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes. It is done quickly; not as quickly as we want. We are depending on surface transportation at the present time; it is too long.

Senator ELLENDER. Are those two presses owned by us?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes; I think the MSA people gave us one of the presses, too, in return for a special rate on printed material for them. Senator ELLENDER. All of the printing, the labor of printing and material and operation of presses, comes out of funds that you are now asking for?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes; they are all in here.

Senator ELLENDER. Out of this amount you are asking for press services?

Mr. STREIBERT. Yes, sir. I have been there and seen that plant. Senator ELLENDER. I saw quite a few pieces of the printing done there.

MAGAZINE PUBLICATIONS

Senator SMITH of Maine. Mr. Streibert, under field production I note there are $640,962 spent in the Far East for printing of five magazines and some other things. Tell me about the magazines.

Mr. STREIBERT. I am familiar with them, but I would prefer to have Mr. Bradford speak to that because he knows it well.

Mr. BRADFORD. The principal magazine printed in the regional production center in Manila is called the Free World. That is printed in about 10 far eastern languages on order from the public-affairs officers running our USIS missions in the various posts in the Far East. Most of those magazines go to southeast Asia.

In most cases they are the magazines in the country of largest circulation. They carry very heavy pro-Democratic and anti-Communist messages.

Then there are individual magazines published for individual countries. One of these is the American Miscellany which is published by us in Indonesia. It has a circulation of 35,000.

The next largest magazine in Indonesia has a circulation of 12,000. That will give you some idea of the magnitude of this enterprise in relation to the publishing business in some of those countries.

MAGAZINE DISTRIBUTION

Senator SMITH of Maine. How are the magazines distributed? Mr. BRADFORD. They are distributed to a selected list of subscribers, in most cases the people who are the leaders in those countries and makers of opinion.

Some of our magazines are sold commercially and they are quite successful commercial enterprises. Some of our magazines are de