Representatives of business and religious organizations abroad considered the exchange of persons as "person-to-person diplomacy" and highly effective when done with planning and "appreciation of the cultural background of the people involved." In further connection with the evaluation of the program, the following exhibits are being attached hereto: Exhibit C entitled "What Have Evaluation Studies Proved About the Exchange program?" as prepared by the International Educational Exchange Service. Exhibit D entitled "Significant Facts on the Impact of the Exchange Program," Prepared by the State Department. There is also being attached as exhibit E an explanation of the 1955 budget request prepared by the International Educational Exchange Service, Department of State. EXHIBIT A Department of State, international educational exchange activities, summary of grants and source of funds for 1955 program United States citizens. 5. Foreign nationals in American-sponsored schools abroad. 6. Other overseas program expenses. 7. Administrative expenses of educational commissions and foundations. 8. Assistance to American-sponsored schools. 9. Contractual costs. 10. Mission costs.. 11. Domestic administrative support. 12. Domestic program expenses. 13. United States Advisory Commission. Total.. EXHIBIT B International Educational Exchange Activities-Summary of educational exchange programs, 1951-55 fiscal years Year International Educational Exchange 1951 1952 1953 1954 Finnish (Public Law 265, 81st Cong.).. Total.. International Educational Exchange GOA/G (Germany). Finnish (Public Law 265, 81st Cong.). Total... International educational exchange GOA/G (Germany). Finnish (Public Law 265, 81st Cong.).. Total... International educational exchange GOA/G (Germany). Finnish (Public Law 265, 81st Cong.).. Total.. International Educational Exchange 3,717 1955 246, 632 246, 632 1 In addition to the grants shown, these funds were used to support 67 foreign currency grants in 1953, 79 in 1954, and 79 in 1955. Levels under IEEA appropriation last 4 years as compared with the 1955 request 1951. 1952. 1953. 1954. 1955 request... $15, 305, 825 15, 165, 478 15,822, 659 14, 965,000 15,000,000 1 The supplemental appropriation under The Campaign of Truth is responsible for this larger figure. EXHIBIT C INTERNATIONAL EDUCATIONAL EXCHANGE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF STATE WHAT HAVE EVALUATION STUDIES PROVED ABOUT THE EXCHANGE PROGRAM? The following is a brief listing of the outstanding and most conclusively demonstrated findings of evaluation studies. These do not represent considered judgments and opinions, however valid such opinions may be, but the clearly demonstrable results of surveys performed both by the evaluation staff of the International Educational Exchange Service (IES) and independent contractors. There are other effects which we believe result from the exchange program, after examining reports from Foreign Service posts, lists of activities and statements made by former grantees, etc. However, the present list is confined to such things as have been proven by carefully planned surveys. Naturally, the effects and impact of the exchange program will vary from area to area. For instance, it is stated in the following that grantees talk about their experiences when they get back home; obviously this will be less true in an area where the United States is regarded with some suspicion than in the more friendly countries. Consequently, complete universality is not claimed for the findings presented here, though it is believed that fairly wide applicability does obtain. I. What happens to the foreign visitors' attidudes toward the United States? 1. The grantee develops a better understanding of this country's motives on the international scene, and concurrently tends to give up the unflattering stereotypes which are sometimes prevalent abroad, such as those regarding an imperialistic America interested in developing markets for surplus goods or in dominating the world. (a) A study in Brazil conducted for IES by International Public Opinion Research, Inc., showed that even when the former grantees do not show any particular change in their attitudes toward specific political issues involving the United States, they are still likely to credit the United States with higher motives for its actions than before the trip. Specifically, an appreciable increase was found in the numbers who believe that the United States is doing more than any other country to prevent war, while an appreciable decrease occurs in the thinking that the United States is motivated on the international scene by a desire to dominate the world. (b) A study in Germany conducted for IES by International Public Opinion Research, Inc., concluded that "*** the exchange experience appears to have brought about both an increase in the recognition of creditable aims of United States foreign policy, and a decrease in ascribing discreditable aims to it." For instance, exchangees become more convinced that the United States "*** is very much concerned with the welfare of West Germany." (c) A privately conducted study of both governmental and nongovernmental exchanges in Belgium came to related conclusions. Here it was found that former grantees were less likely than nongrantees to think that United States foreign policy is dominated mainly by business considerations, and more likely than nongrantees to hold the U. S. S. R. principally responsible for current international tension. |