great Egyptian Orders of Gods, the subject of the sixth section, completes our historical account of the facts of those primeval times. They form the historical centre, out of which grew the traditional Dynasties of gods, through the intervention of an heroic age, which led to the chronological empire of Menes. If we succeed in this the first attempt at a strictly historical examination of the formation of language, writing, and mythology, if we succeed in discovering in them the strata and epochs of the oldest history, we shall not only thereby have exhibited those deeds and thoughts. of the ancient inhabitants of the valley of the Nile which form the substructure of the chronological empire of the Egyptian Charlemagne, but we may also hope to have paved the way, for ourselves and others, towards a more correct estimate and an historical treatment of the Origines of the human Race, to elucidate which will be the main object of our last book, and indeed of the whole work.

The Nature and Antiquity of Egyptian Tradition of the Sacred

Books in particular.

I. The two Original Sources-Annals and Lays, according

to the Greeks

II. The Antiquity of Writing among the Egyptians

III. The Antiquity and historical Contents of the Sacred

Books of the Egyptians

1. The Two Books of the Chanter

2. The Four Astronomical Books of the Horoscopus

3. The Ten Books of the Hierogrammatist

4. The Ten Ceremonial Books of the Stolistes

5. The Ten Books of the Prophets

6. The Place and Rank of the Sacred Books in

versal History -

IV. The Book of the Dead a Portion of the Sacred Books

still extant

V. The Antiquity of the existing contemporary Monuments

and historical Records

14

4

22

25

-

B.

The Chronological Records of the First Period of the later Empire.

I. The Tablet of the Tuthmoses, or Royal Series of Karnak -

II. The Tablet of the Ramesses, or Royal Series of Abydos

III. The Royal Papyrus

C.

Manetho the Sebennyte and his Successors.

Page

35

45

50

I. Manetho's personal Character

II. Manetho the Scribe

III. Manetho the Historian, and his Work

IV. Manetho's primeval Chronology -

V. The Thirty Dynasties of Manetho

VI. The Chronology from Menes to Alexander, according to

VII. The Successors of Manetho

Manetho

SECTION II.

THE RESEARCHES OF THE GREEKS INTO EGYPTIAN CHRONOLOGY.

Introduction: The more ancient Tradition that of Homer

and the later Thon (Thonis) and Proteus.

I. Herodotus-in his relation to his immediate Predecessors

and Successors

II. Herodotus's View of the Chronology of Egypt prior to

the Psammetici

105

III. The Chronology of Herodotus from the Accession of

The School of Aristotle. The Alexandrians and their Contempo-

II. The Alexandrian Critics. - Their general Character

III. Hecatæus of Abdera. Lynceus of Samos. — Authors

cited by the Scholiast of Apollonius.

Alexander Polyhistor and his Authorities

C.

Eratosthenes and Apollodorus.

I. Notices of their Lists of Egyptian Kings transmitted by

Syncellus

II. Eratosthenes and his Researches

III. Apollodorus the Chronographer -

IV. Eratosthenes's List of Thirty-eight Egyptian Kings com-

pared with the Dynasties of Manetho

V. General Remarks on the Connexion between Erato-

sthenes and Manetho

-

VI. Historical Data derived from the Lists of Eratosthenes

and Apollodorus

D.

Diodorus Siculus.

Page

119

121

123

126

I. Diodorus.—His Dynasties and Chronology of the Ante-

Historical Period

II. The Chronology of Diodorus, from Menes to Alexander

III. Synopsis of the Lists of Diodorus

IV. Two special independent Lists: the Builders of the Three

Great Pyramids and the Legislators

Conclusion: Greek and Roman Research

SECTION III.

136

140

142

JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN

RESEARCH INTO THE CHRONOLOGY OF EGYPT.

Introduction: The Connexion between Revelation and Chro-

nology

A.

159

Biblical Tradition and Research into the Period from the Building

of the Temple to the Migration into Egypt, or from Solomon to

Joseph.

I. The Length of the Period from Solomon to Moses

II. The Length of the Period from Moses to Joseph, or of

the Sojourn of the Children of Israel in Egypt -

The Researches of the Eastern Schools into Egyptian History.

I. Jewish Research.-The Septuagint.-Josephus

I. Chronology among the Apostles and the Fathers of the

Eastern Church during the First and Second Centuries.

The Apostle Paul.-Justin Martyr and Tatian.

Clemens of Alexandria

III. The Editors of the Lists of Manetho: Julius Africanus,

and his System of Chronology.-Eusebius

IV. The Byzantine School of Research. Theophilus.

Syncellus

Page

200

207

211

-

214

-

217

V. The Pseudo-Manetho's Book of Sothis, or the Dog-Star

VI. The so-called Old Egyptian Chronicle

VII. The anonymous List of Kings

VIII. Syncellus compared with Eusebius and the later Byzan-

tines.-Malalas.-Cedrenus.-The Chronicle of Easter 227

C.

-

The Researches of Western and Modern Europe into Egyptian

History.

I. The Researches of Classical Philologers.-Joseph Scaliger.

Heyne, and his School.

The Students of Chinese and Indo-

Philologers. - Prichard and Rask

-

II. The Researches of Egyptologers: Champollion, Lord

Prudhoe, Felix, Wilkinson, Rosellini

Conclusion

SECTION IV.

ON EGYPTIAN GRAMMAR.

Introduction: The general Character of the primeval Period

A.

History of Research into the Egyptian Language.

Its fundamental Principles, and Method of Analysis

B.

Pronunciation and Etymology of the Egyptian Language.

I. The Extent and primitive Elements of the Vocabulary

C.

Accidence and Etymology of the Egyptian Language.

Introduction: A Sketch of the Formative Roots and Flexions

A. Personal Nouns or Pronouns

C. Terms of Locality, or Definite and Indefinite Pronouns 285

D. Numerals