PLATE 90-No. 3-E CONTROL VALVE, P-C PASSENGER

Lap Position following a limited recharge of Brake Pipe Pressure.

When Engineer's Automatic Brake Valve is moved from Release Position to

Graduated Release Lap Position

(Diagrammatic View)

CAR BRAKE EQUIPMENT

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BRAKE PIPE

PRESSURE CHAMBER

ATMOSPHERIC

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COPYRIGHT, 1914, BY JOHN F. MCNAMEE

Entered as Second-Class Matter January 21, 1914, at the Post Office at Columbus, Ohio,
under the Act of Congress of March 8, 1879.

Considering that the position shown in the preceding chart is understood, we will assume in this instance that the engineer wishing to only partially release the brake, after having placed his brake valve As the result of the pressure in the apin release position for a few seconds and plication chamber and chamber becomhaving only partially recharged the brake ing stationary, the flow of air from the pipe-the Control Valve parts being service brake-cylinder to the atmosphere thereby affected as described in connec- continues (as explained in connection

with the preceding chart) until its pres- six feet square. One can gaze upon this sure in chamber M has become reduced gigantic city and its beautiful harbor, the to slightly less than that retained on the gateway of American commerce, as if left of the application piston, which from an aeroplane. The prominent skycauses the piston to move to the right and scrapers are faithfully reproduced. The carrying with it the exhaust slide-valve, East River bridges are reproduced to an until the slide valve has closed the ex- exact likeness, while all transportation haust ports in the slide-valve seat, thus lines in and around the city are shown cutting off further release of the service along with the Pennsylvania Railroad's brake-cylinder pressure to the atmos- entrance to New York and the extension phere, all parfs having then assumed the to Long Island. positions as shown in Plate 90.

All other operative parts and port connections remain the same as in the preceding position of Graduated Release.

The Pennsylvania System Exhibit at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition in 1915.*

The floating craft in and around the harbor are reproduced, as is that monument which first strikes the eye of the foreigner before stepping on America's shores, the Statue of Liberty, and, as shown on the model, carries in the hand as a torch the smallest electric light ever used, while the principal buildings in New York are so arranged electrically that the metropolis can be represented at night as well as by day.

The Pennsylvania System will have an exhibit at the Panama-Pacific Interna- The model is worked out to minute detional Exposition, in 1915, that will be tail in dimensions and colors. All the practical and popular and will serve to prominent buildings were made from bring before the eyes of the thousands of architects' drawings, while all the elevapeople who will help celebrate the open- tions, palisades, bridges, river and bay ing of the Panama Canal a true educa- levels were arranged after the proper tional picture of density of population, plans of the Government and approved traffic and industry served by the Penn- by the engineers of the Pennsylvania sylvania System. The exhibit will con- Railroad. The model shows on the Jersist of models of New York City and surroundings, with the Pennsylvania System from the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean and from Duluth to Norfolk and two railroad stations, the Union Station at Washington and the proposed Union Station at Chicago. A unique motion picture auditorium of two Pennsylvania all-steel passenger coaches will also be on exhibit wherein will be projected various journeys from the Western gateways of the Pennsylvania System to New York.

of

the

sey side the City of Newark, Manhattan Transfer and the Bergen Hill tunnels. Across from these is seen the magnificent Pennsylvania Station in the heart of New York City. Across from this station, over East River, the Sunnyside Yard is shown, one of the most complete railroad passenger yards in the world.

On diagonal corners are shown reproductions of the Pennsylvania Station in New York City and Hell Gate Bridge. The latter is being built by the Pennsylvania and the New Haven Railroads for

a through service from the West to Boston and New England. The main span of the bridge is 1,000 feet in length and is 240 feet above the water level. It is a

four-track railroad bridge, the construction material being concrete, stone and structural steel.

Henry Kabierske, of Philadelphia, who has contributed his advice and services in connection with the St. Louis Exposition, and the Nashville, Tennessee, Exposition, as well as the construction floats for the Founders' Week Pageant at Philadelphia in 1907, constructed models, assisted by cabinetmakers, modOne gets a good idea of the magnitude elers, painters, electricians, and various of the Pennsylvania System in viewing other artisans, and after a year's labor the relief map. It is to the approxithere has been completed a piece of work mate scale of two miles to the inch and which is considered by many as a masterpiece of its kind. In fact, the map of the Pennsylvania System, with hills and valleys, with rivers, bays and lakes is without question the largest ever structed, it being 42 x 26 feet.

con

The model of New York City is twenty

*From the Editorial Bureau, The Panama-Pacific International Exposition, San Francisco, California.

shows imortant stations touched by the
railroad, the System being shown by a
line in silver leaf. The main cities are
indicated by electric globes bearing the
name of the respective city and its popu
lation. Capitals of the various States
and important
marked by flags.
historical places

are

It took two engineers three months to lay out the proper drawing showing the

entire System, cities, mountains and men, who will look after visitors and lakes. All this was executed to scale, distribute an illustrated booklet describfrom the Government's geographic maps, ing the exhibit. to the smallest detail possible. Miniature steamships represent the Pennsylvania System Great Lakes steamship line,

known as the Anchor Line.

Proper Proportions of Locomotives.*

Models will be shown of the WashingThe locomotive engine is an excellent ton and Chicago Stations. The former, example of evolution, the proportions electrically illuminated, shows the Sta- best suited for making an efficient engine tions classic forms. The lanterns in having been settled upon by the tentative, front of the building shine brightly while or try again, process. The individuality the two fountains before the edifice will for which motive power officials have also be put into action by electric mo- been celebrated all over the world has tors. The Chicago Station, not yet con- tended to diversify the relative proporstructed, will be depicted to the San fions of locomotive parts, such as boiler Francisco people for the first time, the surface to cylinder magnitude, and these model itself being designed to represent days of imense sizes and weights have not one of the most beautiful edifices in the tended to bring about agreement as to world. what the proportions of cylinders and driving wheels to boiler and adhesive weight ought to be. While diversity seems to be growing worse confounded, it may be well to consider some reports of the American Railway Master Mechanics' Association, being the results of careful investigations of the proportions of locomotive parts that produced the most efficient engine.

The two Pennsylvania all-steel passenger coaches which will be used as a motion picture theater have been constructed at the Altoona shops. They are to be of the highest type at an approximate cost of $13,000 each. At the present time the Pennsylvania System has in use about 3,000 of these all-steel passenger coaches and nearly 400 under construction, the Pennsylvania on January 1, 1914, owning more than one-third of all the steel passenger equipment cars in use in the United States. It is the intention to place these coaches, at the close of the Exposition, in regular service on the Pennsylvania System.

The two cars will be joined under one roof and the arrangements of the theater will give the patrons the feeling that they are riding in Pennsylvania standard equipment, for they will see railroad scenes and railroad activities just as if they were making a trip over the System. As the pictures are shown on a screen, the lecturer will deliver the story.

The patrons of the theater will be provided with a ticket of admission without cost, with a detachable souvenir coupon.

In an admirable report adopted by the American Railway Master Mechanics' Association years ago, a judicious compromise was effected between conflicting claims, and rules for dimensions were laid down which were plain, simple and comprehensive. That report establishing standard ratios between the power applicable for turning the driving wheels and the weight available for adhesion has exerted a most important influence upon locomotive designing, but the rules and formulæ have been ignored by not a few designers and people ordering locomotives, so we consider that a brief discussion of the subject may have a profitable effect.

When people first began to experiment with engines on wheels, the tendency was to apply more power to turning the driving wheels than was warranted by the The exhibit in its entirety will be a practical description of the Pennsylvania weight available for adhesion, with the result that the wheels slipped so badly System, showing every characteristic of that cog-rack rails were introduced on the road from an educational standpoint. It will be under the direction of Mr. some of the pioneer railways. Experience George D. Dixon, Vice-President in paved the way out of this difficulty, and Charge of Traffic, Pennsylvania Lines the first high-speed locomotive, StephenEast of Pittsburgh, and Mr. D. T. Mc- son's "Rocket," hit a happy medium beCabe, Vice-President in Charge of Traffic, although the proportions of other parts tween tractive power and adhesive weight, Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh. Mr. H. T. Wilkins, Special Agent, Traffic Department, has had direct supervision of the preparation of the exhibit and he will also supervise its installation and display. Mr. Wilkins will be assisted by courteous attendants, uniformed as train

were changed on engines subsequently built. The "Rocket" had cylinders 8 x1 6.5 inches, and the boiler had 138 square feet of heating surface. This gives 1.37 square feet of heating surface to each inch of

From Railway and Locomotive Engineering.