bushy. In southern Germany they have mediumsize, hanging ears. In northern Germany, particularly in Hanover and Braunschweig, they are found with erect ears. The long-coated Shepherd Dog is generally all white in color.

FAULTS. All physical defects which tend to lessen the utility and endurance, especially a combination of short back and legginess in a dog; built too coarse or too fine; weak or sway back, straight quarters as well as any point of the running gear which would affect length and evenness of stride, elasticity, and endurance. Furthermore, too short or too soft a coat and absence of undercoat; skull too coarse or lacking in depth. Muzzle too short or stumpy or too weak, pointed muzzle, also over and undershot. Splay foot; long-coated paws, except in long-coated type; hanging as well as badlycarried ears for any length of time, except in longcoated old German type dogs; rolled or badly-carried tail, cropped ears and docked tails.

THE SHETLAND COLLIE

This breed of dog bears the same relationship in size and appearance to the rough Collie as the tiny Shetland pony does to some of the larger breeds of horses native to Scotland. They resemble them in everything but size.

A good specimen of this dog should be an absolute replica in miniature of the ordinary Collie. They are a true breed inasmuch as they breed to size and type, and in their native country are used for driv

ing and gathering the sheep inhabiting these windswept isles. In later years they have been bred more as companions and pets than for utility, and for this purpose they are excellent as they have the intelligence and faithful heart of the larger dog to a high degree.

The chief points to be looked for in the selection of Shetland Collie puppies are those of the Scotch Collie on a reduced scale.

The general description of the breed is as follows: The average weight is about 7 pounds for bitches, and up to 10 pounds or thereby for dogs.

LENGTH OF BODY, from root of tail to shoulder, 15 inches.

HEIGHT AT FOREARM, 9 inches to 10 inches.

LENGTH OF HEAD, from occiput to tip of nose, 5 inches to 6 inches. The head should be flat and not over thick in skull, with the muzzle tapering to the nose; mouth clean-teethed and level.

EARS.-Semi-erect, small, and placed high on the

head.

THE EYE should be well placed and small and dark, with the ordinary intelligent Collie expression.

THE FRONT LEGS are straight, strong boned, and short, and beautifully feathered, with plenty of chest frill.

HINDQUARTERS strong and well feathered, with the legs clean.

TAIL well feathered and carried as the ordinary Collie.

COLOR. They are found in various colors, such

as black-and-tan, black-tan-and-white, black-andwhite, sable-and-white, and, in that northern climate, they may be found wholly white.

THE OUTER COAT is long and glossy, a trifle softer in texture than the ordinary Collie, but with the usual woolly undercoat. This softness of outer coat may perhaps be accounted for by climatic conditions. For instance, the little Shetland sheep carries a much finer, softer, and more valuable coat than the sheep of our country.

GUN DOGS

THE POINTER

THE Pointer deservedly occupies a high place in the esteem of American sportsmen, for he is attractive in form and possesses fine field qualities. The pointing dogs, from which they are descended, originated in Spain during the Middle Ages, and early in the seventeenth century crossed the mountains into France, and eventually found their way over to England. These early Spanish dogs were so heavy, coarse, and cumbersome that English sportsmen, with the object of lightening up their heavy frames and gaining more speed, crossed them with the Foxhound. In the colonial days of this country there were many enthusiastic sportsmen, particularly in Maryland and the Carolinas, who imported Pointers from abroad. These were judiciously mated, new dogs brought over from time to time, and eventually their progeny became scattered throughout the country, making warm friends and admirers, so that to-day they are one of the most popular of America's sporting breed.

The Pointer as a rule does not make up to strangers as readily as a Setter, but to his owner he is an affectionate and loyal companion. Pointer admirers claim that as a class their short-haired favorites are more naturally inclined to point than Setters; that they are more easily broken, retain their training

longer, and are more obedient in the field. No question will be raised over the fact that their shortness of coat constitutes a strong recommendation for warm climate or for summer shooting on the prairies or in sections of the country where cockle burrs, sand fleas, nettles, and other pests abound and annoy long-haired dogs to distraction.

There is a group of English breeders who are always attempting to improve the Pointer by Foxhound crosses. There is another group, led by William Arkwright, Esq., of Sutton, Scarsdale, Derbyshire, who have vigorously opposed these crosses. Mr. Arkwright has always stood firmly for pure breeding. He is the foremost living authority on the breed, his opinions have been closely followed by American breeders, and as a result our American strains have been kept pure and have arrived at a most gratifying regularity of type, combined with brilliant field qualities.

There are no accurate records of the Pointers brought to this country previous to 1870. At that time the magazine Forest and Stream was founded, and it soon attained a wide circulation among sportsmen and fanciers, who began recording in its columns the descriptions and pedigrees of various celebrated dogs as well as the pedigrees, records, and appearance of the Pointers that were being brought to this country from abroad.

The first of these of importance was Sensation, imported by the Westminster Kennel Club. This dog was widely heralded, but he never rose above