PRESIDENTIAL MESSAGES NATIONAL ASSOCIATION DRUG CLERKS. F. M. Blank, President, Akron, Ohio. Greetings to the drug clerks. As we have just passed through another year ending with the usual Christmas trade and hearing the greetings of Merry Christmas and Happy New Year passed all along the way, so I greet the drug clerks with a "Happy New Year to you all." But you each and all can make it more happy every day by a closer fellowship with your employer and working with an earnestness of purpose and zeal which at some future day will make you an employer instead of employee. The time for recreation and pleasure being limited to the drug clerk, may all their leisure hours be enjoyed to the utmost and, as we journey along the milestones of life, foster a closer fraternal fellowship with those enlisted in the profession of pharmacy, thereby making the calling better socially, morally and financially. May the New Year bring you all unbounded success. AMERICAN CONFERENCE OF ICAL FACULTIES. PHARMACEUT A. H. Clark, President, Chicago. To the pharmaceutical world in general, the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties extends greetings. Among the many problems that confront pharmacy, that of the education of young men who enter this profession, is the most important. From the time they enter the high schools of the country until they finish their special education at a college of pharmacy, the nature of their studies must be carefully selected and their minds properly prepared for the duties of their profession. A. H. CLARK. It is the function of the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties to see that this is properly done. Since its organization in 1900, ably assisted by other pharmaceutical organizations, it has struggled valiantly to advance the standard of higher pharmaceutical education. It aims to increase its efforts in this direction in the future, and to those organizations which have so ably assisted in the past and particularly to the American Pharmaceutical Association, and the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, I commend the work that has been done, and with a pledge of co-operation on my part, ask during the coming year your continued and earnest support, with the end in view of securing better educational conditions among those who make their daily bread by practicing the profession of pharmacy. PRACTICAL HINTS By John Geo. Howly, Ph. G., Milwaukee. Refilling Small Perfume Vials the average pharmacist uses a small graduate, which in many instances is well and good, but the small copper funnel made at the tinsmith's answers the same purpose without the spill, as is sometimes the case with graduates. A small funnel thus made will fit the orifice of a small vial and can be filled in less time. A Quill Funnel seems just the thing for the filling of elastic capsules with dry chemicals such as urotropin, etc. Goose or turkey feathers make the best quills cut so that it kind of tapers, answering the purpose of a funnel by pouring the chemical in form of fine granules or coarse powder from powder paper into quill. It can be transferred without clogging and thus spilling chemical. Where one has to fill 50 or 100 such elastic capsules, one can work more rapidly by using this quill funnel. Bottling Vaseline.-A very useful yet inexpensive vaseline dispenser can be made very cheap by taking a galvanized iron pail of two or three gallons' capacity; near the bottom of which cut a hole the size of the faucet; solder faucet to pail; vaseline, which is often dirty, can first be melted in another pail and then transferred to this dispenser; first cover with several thicknesses of cheese cloth, then straining vaseline thus into dispenser; it is then ready to be drawn through faucet into 5c and 10c vaseline jars. It does away with burning your fingers, besmearing yourself and the floor. Package Goods and properly labeling is a thing well worth looking into; putting up fennel, senna, flaxseed, chamomile, sulphur, insect powder, licorice comp. powder, cream tartar, bicarb. soda, etc., in 5c and 10c packages or castor oil, machine oil, glycerine, spts. nitre, sweet oil, etc., bottled and properly labeled; your work as a clerk will be simplified; you won't have to hustle and weigh them off in case of a rush; and besides if you have it handy you can have it at a moment's notice; people notice these things and if you are a hustler they will often stick with you. The day of hurry and hustle has come. The Cleaning of Mortars is usually done by using hot water and soap. In many instances this is sufficient, but when Phenolphthalein is one of the ingredients in the manufacture of a powder the mortar so used will be washed by apprentice in the usual way. Suppose an eye-wash of zinc sulphate and borate of sodium, etc., or a solution of iodide of potassium; both these instances you may have a pink solution; or in making a powder with calomel bicarb. soda, etc., it turns pink, due to the incompatability of the Phenolphthalein with an alkaline body. course, this ought not to be dispensed; have the apprentice wash all mortars and pestles with a little aqua ammonia, thus defeating a donation to the sewer. The young man will thus do not only justice to himself, but also to the pharmacist in charge. Of DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Chemical Abstracts Published by the American Chemical Society. Patentability of Pharmaceutical Products.-A Taillefer. Orig. Com. 8th Intern. Congr. Appl. Chem., 23, 79-81. [E. J. C. The Adulteration of Roasted Coffee.-H. Weller. Chem. Ztg., 36, 890.-Soy beans of several varieties are being used as adulterants in roasted coffee.-[E. M. Chace. Codeine in Commercial Morphine Sulfate.-J. B. Williams. Am. J. Pharm., 84, 391-3.-Samples of morphine sulfate were found to contain 0.9-7% codeine. A test for the presence of codeine should be included in the U. S. P. and the limit should not exceed 1.5%. -[H. C. Fuller. Pharmacology of lodine.-O. Loeb. Chem. Ztg., 35, 1106.-Acute poisoning with Nal, or long continued thereapeutic administration of I preps. is followed by the storing of I in organic form in the tissues. Syphilitic tissue contains more I than, for example, blood. [L. W. Riggs. Liquid Dentifrice.-Dausse. Giorn. farm. chim., 61, 306-7; through Bull. travaux lab. pharm. Dausse.-In grams: Oil thyme 6, essence of peppermint 10, ess. wintergreen 30 drops, tinct. cardamon 100, tinct. cinnamon 55, tinct. caroway 55, tinct. cochineal 10, tinct. soap 36, glycerol 330, alc. (60%) 397.-[M. Bye. Oxygen Baths.-Alfred Stephan. Apoth. Ztg., 27, 726-7.-The substances commonly offered for sale for the prep. of such baths consist apparently sodium perborate in connection with a catalyzer like hematogen or manganese borate. Of 4 com. samples examd. the following yields in O were obtained: Biox (2.56 g.) 19.2 1., Ozet (3 g.) 22 1., Leitholfs (3 g.) 21.5 1., Zeogen (2.5 g.) 19 1.-[W. O. E. of White Lead or Zinc ?-Ernst Taüber. Mitt. fur Malerei, 18, 173; through Farben-ztg., 17, 1888-From comparative tests using linseed, poppy and hempseed oil vehicles, T. concludes that Pb paints are far more durable on canvas than corresponding Zn paints. T. discredits the theory that HS readily attacks Pb paints, since they are thoroughly protected by oil film and finally by finishing varnish coat. [L. E. W. lodine and Chlorine Excretion after Ingestion of Iodine Preparations. Pauline Heimann. Inaug. Diss. Zurich, 1911, 31 pp.; Zentr. Biochem. Biophys., 13, 124. During periods of I ingestion the amt. of I excreted appears to be related in inverse ratio to the excretion of Cl; with a few exceptions the amt. of chlorids in the urin decreased with the increase in I excretion following ingestion of I. In many cases a regularity in the excretion of these elements was detd.-[H. S. Paine. Salvarsan as a Photographic Developer.-L. Guglialmelli. Buenos Aires. An soc. cien. Argentina, 72, 263-72.-Salvarsan can develop negatives but not actively enough to be useful for this purpose. From this and similar observations, G. concludes that the -As-As- group does not greatly change the properties of the OH and NH, groups in salvarsan. Diazotization of salvarsan gives products of possible therapeutic importance, e. g., naphthol gives with it a red product.-[E. D. Clark. Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen.-Anon. Zentr. Kunstdunger Ind.; through Chem. Trade J., 50, 622. -use is made of fact that N oxides result when mixts. of air and combustible gas are detonated. Favorable conditions are high pressure, high temp. (secured by a regenerative system for preheating the air by means of the heat of explosion of a former charge) and a 30% addition of O to the gas mixt. In expts. made in a cylinder of 4 cu. ft. capacity, with coke oven gas and air at 20 atms., 12 lbs. HNO3 per 1000 cu. ft. gas were obtained.-[J. S. Goldbaum. Micro-spectra Method of Color Photography by Prismic Dispersion. J. and E. Rheinberg. Brit. J. Phot., 59, suppl., 19-24, 28-31, 33-6, 38-40.-A method based on the production of numerous narrow but complete spectra, so close together as to be indistinguishable to the unaided eye. A lens projects an image of the colored object upon a line screen, which is in turn projected upon the photographic plate by a lens with a prism behind it. A lantern positive is made from this negative, and by placing this positive in the position occupied by the original negative, and passing white light into the camera, the true colors appear.-[L. Derr. Analysis of Honey.-G. Armani and I. Barboni. Chem. Ztg., 35, 383.-If an aq. soln. of artificial honey is treated with an AcOH soln. of benzidine, a deep yellow color is produced immediately, attaining max. intensity in 14 hr. and remaining unchanged for several days. Natural honey, warmed or not, or centrifuged, does not give this reaction; an addition of 20% of artificial honey can be detected. Nitrites give a similar reaction with the reagent but the reaction with artificial honey is not produced by nitrites. Two g. of honey are dissolved in 10 g. of water in porcelain dish and 1 cc. of a satd. soln. of benzidine in dil. AcOH added and detn. made colorimetrically. [F. W. Smither. Can Micro-organisms Penetrate into Hen Eggs?— Kossowiwicz. Monatsh. f. Landwirtschaft, 1912, 8; through Schweiz. Wochschr., 50, 420. Eggs before being laid might be infected by bacteria entering the ovarian duct from without. The shell of the fresh egg is impregnable for micro-organisms, but with age undergoes change, losing its resistance. The shell of fresh eggs inoculated by various molds, resisted penetration completely for 4 weeks. After 8 wks., only Cladosporium herbarum had entered. after 12 wks., phytophthora infestans. With eggs 5 months old, Rhizopus nigricans and the 2 species just named entered after 2 wks. The germicidal power of fresh albumin of hen egg especially for the spores of Cladosporium herbarum, the conidia of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium glaucum and wine yeast decreases markedly with the age of the egg.[S. Waldbott. ILLINOIS RECIPROCITY Reciprocity is the real aim and purpose of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. Many local conditions and differences in policies among boards of pharmacy and of personal opinion of the members of the boards interfere with a consummation of the much desired reciprocity. Progress, however, is being made and year by year reciprocity is extending over a greater territory. Recently, the Illinois Board of Pharmacy issued a circular letter without date (see MEYER BROTHERS DRUGGIST, November, 1912, page 343), signed by Secretary F. C. Dodds of Springfield, which has caused considerable stir among board members. The document reads as follows: The Illinois Board of Pharmacy reciprocates with the Boards of Pharmacy of Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin, upon the following conditions: (1) The applicant must be registered by examination in the state from which he applies, with a general average of 75% and not less than 60 in any subject. (2) He must have been twenty-one years of age and must have had the legal proofs necessary for applicants for registered pharmacists in Illinois at the time he took the examination in the state from which he applies. (3) He must have been actively engaged in the practice of his profession in the state from which he applies for at least one year since his registration in said state. (4) He must be in good standing in the state from which he applies. The Illinois Board of Pharmacy also reciprocates with the ConnectiBoards of Pharmacy of Alabama, Arkansas, Arizona, Georgia, Idaho, cut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia upon the above conditions and the further condition that the applicant is a graduate from a school or college of pharmacy that is recognized by the Illinois Board of Pharmacy. The fee for a reciprocal certificate in Illinois is $15.00, which must accompany the application. If the application for reciprocal registration is based upon registration in Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio or Wisconsin, the applicant But if the applicawill not be required to pay any further fee. tion is based upon registration in any of the other above mentioned states, the applicant will be required to pay a fee of $5.00 to A. F. Sala, Treasurer National Association of Boards of Pharmacy, Winchester, Indiana, before a certificate is issued. If a reciprocal application is in proper form, the applicant will be referred to the Board of Pharmacy or some member thereof for a conference and such oral examination as may be deemed necessary. If a favorable report is made upon the applicant a certificate will be issued at once. If an unfavorable report is made, the fee of $15.00 will be returned, as will also the fee paid to the Treasurer of the National Association. A charge of $1.00 is made by the Illinois Board of Pharmacy for certifying to the reciprocal applications of Illinois registered pharmacists. This fee will not be returned in case the application is rejected by the Board of Pharmacy to which it is addressed. The Illinois Board of Pharmacy reserves the right to reject any or all applications. Applications will be furnished upon request. An Expression from Texas. Among those to receive and take cognizance of the announcement is Robert H. Walker, Gonzales, secretary of the Texas Board of Pharmacy and expresident of the N. A. B. P. Mr. Walker's greatest ambition while president of the National Association was to further reciprocity. His letter to the Illinois board reads as follows: Beg to own your circular letter setting forth the conclusions of the Illinois State Board of Pharmacy on Reciprocity, and I 1st. I can most heartily have given same due consideration. agree with No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 of your conditions of Reciprocity with Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio and Wisconsin. I freely confess my inability to appreciate No. 1, for in this demand you virtually admit your board work to be one-half of one per cent better than that of the states specified above. is not true reciprocity as I have conceived it to be. This The same general average and minimum grades should prevail in all the states named above, together with your own. Any deviation is not genuine reciprocity. All states must be agreed on general average and minimum grades or else real reciprocity does not obtain. An expanding scale cannot be adopted without causing confusion, and confidence be shaken. What possible advantage can accrue to the betterment of pharmacy by elevating your general average one-half of one per cent? I fail to appreciate the good to be realized from such demands. 2nd. The further demand of a fee of $5.00 from an applicant hailing from Texas and from other states (who do not enjoy the privilege of belonging to your charming coterie, who evidently have an agreement at variance with this demand) is a discrimination that I fear will not meet with universal approval. I would much prefer to swell the funds in the hands of the treasurer of the National Association Boards of Pharmacy by a direct tax on each state who is a member. I think this plan decidedly more feasible and practical. Texas would much prefer to pay an annual tax of say $50.00 to $100.00 rather than demand it of the licentiate seeking reciprocity. 3rd. Why does your board make fish of one and flesh of others? There certainly must be some well formed, crystalized reasons for granting privileges to the six favored states, which you decline to grant to the remaining forty-one. Is your liberality to the chosen few founded upon the fact, that you are members of an Interstate Association of State Boards of Pharmacy, of whom you have made personal inspection? If this be true, you elevate and exalt the Interstate Association above the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. If such a spirit continues to prevail and multiply it will not only eliminate reciprocity, but sing the funeral dirge and death knell of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy. By this circular letter you demand of Texas licentiates graduation from a reputable college of pharmacy, therefore confessing that Texas work is not up to your ideals. Now, my good brother, your board may have just cause for such a criticism, but I cannot overcome the desire to know the reasons upon which such conclusions are based. I do not claim that Texas is the best, but we are bending all our energies to be among the leaders in this work and we are ready and will gladly welcome friendly criticism on our labors. If our standards are inferior to those obtaining in your state and the other six favored ones, will you kindly write me your digested opinion along these lines -as I am dead in earnest and promise that Texas shall not be a laggard or play second fiddle to any of her confreres in this work. I would herald with delight a visitation from a representative of your Interstate Association at one of our regular meetings, so that he might intelligently pass upon the quality of our work. We crave the noonday sunlight of brotherly criticism upon our labors, and if we can be shown our defects and a remedy suggested whereby we can improve them, we will cheerfully respond. The remaining portions of your circular letter I can personally and cheerfully endorse. In keeping with your resolution which prevailed at our Denver meeting, I am of the opinion that it would be more practical and advantageous for the Committee on Examinations and Inspections to mail to each member of the board they contemplate visiting, thirty days in advance, a set of examination questions, so that each board may have ample opportunity to become acquainted with the demands of this Committee of Inspection. No examiner ever prepared a set of questions on any subject, but what, after they were in cold type, could discover wherein he could have materially improved upon his efforts. Therefore it occurs to me, that it would be the wisest and decidedly more satisfactory plan for the committee's suggestions or ideas to come in advance of their visitation. Kindly bear in mind that I am vitally interested in any combined effort for the advancement of standards, saner, intelligent and more satisfactory methods of insuring higher grades of proficiency in our examinations. Please read letter of Mr. S. L. Hilton, pages 61, 62, N. A. B. P., Annual Proceedings, 1912. The President of the N. A. B. P. Comments.-Wm. Mittelbach, Boonville, Mo., says: "At the Denver meeting of the National Association Boards of Pharmacy, reciprocal registration was thoroughly gone over, and the various phases of the problem minutely discussed. Finally a resolution was passed that seemed to meet with the approval of nearly all the Boards represented, especially in the matter of the necessary percentages to be exacted of those affected. Almost by a unanimous vote it was decided that not less than 60 per cent on any one subject, and a general average of not less than 75 per cent should be the basis upon which the active members of the association are to carry out the plan of reciprocal registration. Some little opposition was manifested by one or two boards, that held out for 77 per cent. After due consideration, however, 60 and 75 per cent was adopted by the 28 boards represented at the meeting. A clause in the resolution also provides for a way of carrying out the plan by the candidate paying $5.00 for the necessary blanks to the secretary-treasurer of the National Association. It is calculated that such a procedure will simplify matters, and give the National Association means by which the several examinations can be made more uniform, and thus place all the boards on the same footing; and in the end establish better relationship between the several states. Since the meeting, however, a spirit of dissatisfaction is manifesting itself relative to the low 75 per cent general average, and the payment of the $5.00 by the candidate; a fear that a fund created by this fee, might lead to graft or extravangance by those entrusted with the funds. Such reasons are very shallow, and there ought to be no hesitation in putting the plan in force, unless the exaction of the fee is illegal. If that is so, the percentages as adopted can still stand and reciprocity carried out on that basis. There seems to be a lack of confidence between some of the boards, that crops out on every occasion. There is no good reason why such a feeling should exist. When the several boards were enrolled as members of the National Association it was presumed that they were qualified and their work satisfactory. The personnel of the several boards is of the highest type; and the men constituting them are leaders of the profession in their States-many of them nationally. An act of the association must be accepted as the will of the majority, and should be lived up to by all. Otherwise no advance can be made, and reciprocity between the States remain unsatisfactory." PURELY PERSONAL George D. Stroh, Pittston, has been reappointed as a member of the Pennsylvania board of pharmacy. P. E. Kern is a member of the sophomore class of the Medical School of Ohio University, Columbus, O. He continues his interest in pharmacy. The Practical Druggist has secured Otto Raubenheimer, a prominent member of the A. Ph. A. and a well known retail pharmacist of Brooklyn, as editor-in-chief. As associate Dr. William Mansfield will work with Mr. Raubenheimer in making the Practical Druggist of interest to the pharmacists of this country. We congratulate Romaine Pierson, the publisher, on securing the services of two such able writers. R. A. Hopkins, of Cheyenne, Wyo., has been elected to the legislature. He was a republican candidate and received over six hundred majority. He is business manager of the Palace Pharmacy Drug Company and has lived in Cheyenne since 1905. He is a member of the board of pharmacy and active in other local and state interests. George M. Beringer, Camden, N. J., the president-elect of the R. A. HOPKINS. A. Ph. A., will not be inaugurated until August, 1913, but. he is already mapping out a year of activity in association affairs during his administration. RECENT WORK IN ANESTHETICS.-Although the foundation of most of our knowledge of the action of anesthetics has been laid bare through experiments with chloroform, clinically and in the laboratory, it now appears that both physiologists and anesthetists are beginning to regard this drug as having yielded to us all it can, and are turning their attention elsewhere. In America, as we have seen, ether holds the field to a very large extent, although at the moment that field is being encroached on by administration of nitrous oxid and oxygen.-[J. Blumfeld in Practitioner, London. PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONS A. Ph. A. Officers-Elect for 1913-1914.-PresidentGeorge M. Beringer of New Jersey. First Vice-President-Franklin M. Apple of Pennsylvania. Second Vice-President-W. S. Richardson, District of Columbia. Third Vice-President-L. D. Havenhill, Kansas. Members of the Council-Charles Caspari, Jr., of Maryland; Charles E. Caspari of Missouri; John G. Godding of Massachusetts. They will be installed at the sixty-first annual convention, to be held at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 25-30, 1913. The W. P. A. of the Pacific Coast held its regular monthly meeting on the evening of November 22nd, at the home of Mrs. J. H. Flint, 2489 Howard street. Fullers Earth, ordinarily considered of minor importance, was made the subject of a very interesting paper, and was presented before this meeting by Miss Anna G. Farrell, of Vacaville. Miss Farrell mentioned the fact that large deposits of Fullers Earth are found in many parts of our country, and since 1903 California has supplied the western states. The Earth is used principally in bleaching, clarifying, and filtering fats and oils. The second paper of the evening was by Mrs. Flint, and she described the various methods of fumigating in use at the present time. Saint Louis Branch, A. Ph. A.-At the November meeting J. W. Mackelden was elected secretary to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. William H. Lamont, who has moved to Kansas City. Doctor George M. Heath gave a talk on the Fixation of Atmospheric Nitrogen, and showed by lantern slides the principal furnaces now in use in various parts of the world for the manufacture of synthetic nitrogen products. Doctor H. M. Whelpley showed by lantern slides some of the first prescriptions filled in the store of William Proctor, Jr., the father of American Pharmacy, and commented on them. These prescriptions are very interesting from the point that they are written upon slips of paper of odd sizes, shapes and colors, clearly indicating that they were not die-cut, but torn from any piece of plain paper which happened to be at hand. The prices charged for filling these prescriptions range from six cents for a fourounce mixture, to thirty-one cents for a twelve-ounce mixture. They were dated 1841. Mr. Carl T. Buehler read two papers, one on the manufacture of Compound Solution of Cresol, and the other on the manufacture of Elixir of Terpin Hydrate. These papers were briefly discussed by Professors Francis Hemm, J. M. Good, Leo Suppan and H. M. Whelpley. IT COSTS a lot of money to keep the school of experience going. EXAMINATION QUESTIONS Examination Questions Not Made Public.-The following states do not give permission for the publication of the examination questions: Kentucky, Michigan, Kansas, Vermont, Utah. MISSOURI BOARD OF PHARMACY. THEORETICAL PHARMACY.-(Assistant Pharmacist). Answer the first six (6) questions and any four (4) of the others. 1. Convert the following into their Metric equivalents: (a) 2 drachms, (b) 6 fluid ounces, (c) 20 minims, (d) 1 pound Troy, (e) 21⁄2 grain. Also the following into Apothecaries equivalents: (a) 11⁄2 C. C., (b) 21⁄2 grams, (c) 1 kilo, (d) 3 milligrams, (e) 48 C. C. 2. A 60 C. C. prescription contains .010 Atropim Sulphate, how much will there be to the teaspoonful expressed in grains? Name 3. What is meant by deliquescence? By efflorescence? 2 official salts of each class. 4. Besides the U. S. P. name 5 textbooks useful in the study of pharmacy. 5. Name 5 official tinctures classed as simple; also 5 classed as compound tinctures, giving the constituents in each case. 6. Is there anything wrong with the following prescriptions? If so, what is it? 12. Name 5 official colored chemicals. salts. Give official title in each case. Name 5 official white 13. Name 10 official volatile oils, by their official title. 14. What is the active constituent of Wild Cherry Bark? How is it developed in making the syrup? What is the dose of this constituent when given in its official form? 15. In determining the fineness of powder for percolation, what term or terms do we use? Why should some drugs be in a finer powder than others, when subjected to percolation? MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY.-(Assistant Pharmacist). Answer the first six (6) questions and any four (4) of the others. 1. What is Botany? Of what benefit is it to the pharmacist? 2. Name four different parts of a plant, and give an official example of each class. 3. Give the source of the following drugs: (a) Aconite, (b) Aloes, (c) Tannine, (d) Opium, (e) Kino. 4. Name 5 poisons enumerated in schedule A, and 5 in schedule B Poison Law, stating in both cases what the pharmacist must do to comply with the law. 5. From what crude drugs are the following obtained: (a) Cocaine, (b) Strychnine, (c) Emetine, (d) Tannine, (e) Codeine? 6. Define the following terms: (a) Serrate, (b) Dentate, (c) Cordate, (d) Pinnate, (e) Hirsute. 7. Name 5 official spirits, giving their correct Latin titles unabbreviated. 8. Write the full unabbreviated official titles of 5 syrups, giving in each case immediately following each one the common or English names. 9. Name 2 official drugs or galenicals having diuretic properties, also two having narcotic properties. Give the dose in each case. 10. Give the botanical name of the plant, its habitat, medical properties and doses in powder form of the drugs from which Strychnine and Morphine are obtained. 11. Name 2 drugs obtained from the (a) Mammalia Class, (b) Insecta Class. 12. Name the active constituents of the following crude drugs. (a) Aloes, (b) Quercus, (c) Foxglove, (d) Yellow Pocoon, (e) Belladonna. 13. Name two official drugs each, classified as (a) Rhizomes, (b) Fruits, (c) Seeds, (d) Barks, (e) Flowers. 14. Define (a) Resin, (b) Oleoresin, (c) Gum resin. specimens of each. Name 2 15. State medical properties and dose of each of the following: (a) Aspirin, (b) Menthol, (c) Cocaine, (d) Aloin, (e) Caffeine. TOXICOLOGY AND POSOLOGY.-(Assistant Pharmacist). Answer the first six (6) questions and any four (4) of the others. (d) 1. Define (a) Escharotic, (b) Diuretic, (c) Diaphoretic, Vescicant, (e) Tonic. 2. State the average dose of the following: (a) Strynin. Sulph., (b) Arsenic Treoxide, (c) Salol, (d) Acetanilid, (e) Phenacetin. 3. State the average dose of the following: (a) Tr. Opii, (b) Tr. Belladonna, (c) Tr. Gelsemium, (d) Fluid extract Ergot, (e) Fluid extract Digitalis. 4. State general dose of the following chemicals: (a) Potass. Iod., (b) Mercuric Chloride, (c) Mercurous Iodide, (d) Pot. Acetate, (e) Sod. Salicylate. 5. In a prescription calling for 11⁄2 grs. Strychnine Sulph., and 22 grs. Arsenic Trioxide made into 80 pills, how much is there in each pill? 6. How would you treat a case of poisoning by Arsenic, while waiting for the doctor to take charge of the case? 7. State average doses of the following: (a) Powd. Ipecac, (b) Dovers Powder, (c) Opium, (d) Trional, (e) Sulfonal. 8. State the average dose of the following: (a) Sp. Aether, (b) Sp. Aether Nitrosi, (c) Sp. Menth. Pip., (d) Tr. Aconite, (e) Tr. Capsicum. 9. In case of an overdose of morphine, what is the antidote to be used? What do you consider a toxic dose for an adult? 10. How much of a substance should a 3-ounce solution contain so that each dessertspoonful has % of a grain. 11. State briefly the antidote for an overdose of Gasoline? How does this substance act as a poison? 12. What is the law in this State regulating the license of an assistant pharmacist? 13. A physician wishes to give 24 grs. of Quinine Sulph. each day for 3 days. He wants to prescribe it in teaspoonful doses 6 times a day, in some syrup. How much Quinine should each teaspoonful contain? 14. State the average dose of the following: (a) Bismuth Subnitrate, (b) Pot. Citrate, (c) Ammon. Chloride, (d) Camphor, (e) Chloral Hydrate. 15. State the medicinal properties of Syr. Scillae Co., and give its doses. What are its constituents? PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY.-(Assistant Pharmacist). Answer the first six (6) questions and any four (4) of the others. 1. What is specific gravity? (a) Name two substances lighter than water. (b) Two that are heavier than water. 2. What is the difference between Synthetical Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry? 3. What is meant by oxidation? same, and how it is done. Give an example of the 4. What takes place if freshly made Carbonate of Iron Pills are exposed to the air? How do we obviate this? 5. Give the chemical formulas of the following: (a) Glauber salts, (b) Epsom salts, (c) Cream of Tartar, (d) Sal soda, (e) Sal Tartar. 6. Name (a) 3 elements in gaseous form, (b) 2 in liquid form, (c) 5 solids, giving in each case the chemical symbol. 7. How is Syrup Iodide of Iron kept? What occurs if the same is not properly kept? 8. Why is Cream of Tartar or Tartaric Acid used in Baking Powder? Express the chemical reaction, if any, that takes place when making bread with Baking powder or with Sod. Bicarb. 9. What is the official Turpentine? What are its constituents, and of what use are they therapeutically? 10. How do you clean mortars or graduates soiled with (a) Resin, (b) Lard, (c) Iron Stains, (d) Iodine, (e) Prussian Blue? 11. Describe the methods of (a) Crystallization, (b) Granulation, (c) Desiccation, (e) Exsiccation. 12. When Sulphur is burnt in air what chemical change takes place? Express it in symbols. 13. When Sugar of Lead and White Vitrol are rubbed together they liquify. What is the chemical change, if any? How would you dispense such a mixture? 14. Write the chemical symbols for (a) Water, (b) Alcohol, (c) Chloroform, (d) Glycerine, (e) Wood Alcohol. 15. What do the following symbols stand for: (a) HI, (b) HCN, (c) NH,, (d) As2O3, (e) KNаC,H,O? |