ary president, Fred R. Dimmitt, of Kansas City, issued the call in 1879 and in 1913 read his annual report as chairman of the Committee on Necrology. Others pass away, but Mr. Dimmitt is still at his post. T. T. Clifford, Sedalia, honorary presidentelect, was one of the charter members and with his family regularly attends the meetings. When it comes to those who have been present annually for a quarter of a century or more, the number is large. The relation between the Mo. Ph. A. and the board of pharmacy has become closer and closer during recent years and much of the discussion both in and out of the meeting, this year, referred to board matters. With the new pharmacy law, which went into effect August, 1909, the board was increased from three to five members and a salary provided for the secrtary. This has attracted political attention, but the pharmacists of the state feel determined to retain a professional board and have thus far been successful. For the first time in the history of the law, the board became bi-partisan, last year, although appointments had not previously been made along purely political lines.

A. C. Schulte, St. Louis, reported as a delegate from the A. Ph. A. and J. R. Heine, of Chicago, for the N. A. R. D. Communications were also read from both organizations. Particular attention was I called to the house of delegates of the A. Ph. A. and to the Women's Section of the A. Ph. A. William Mittelbach, Boonville, reported as a Missouri

trustee of the National Drug Clerks' Association and communications were read, calling attention to the memorial home. Mr. Mittelbach also reported as president of the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy.

The treasurer, William Mittelbach, Boonville, reported a balance of $423.24, with a net membership of 673. Subsequently, fifty-six were dropped for the non-payment of dues. The treasurer's salary was raised from $50.00 to $100.00 per year.

The International Congress of School Hygiene and Medicine was endorsed.

The secretary, Dr. H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis, reported, outlining the work since the last annual, meeting. The proceedings were issued within two weeks after adjournment.

The Mo. Ph. A. decided to join the Missouri Historical Society and establish a committee on Historical Pharmacy.

A resolution was introduced by A. N. Doerschuk, Kansas City, which resulted in a motion requesting the pharmacists of Missouri to discourage the sale of dangerous coal tar derivatives and all habit-forming drugs.

Attention was called to the interpretation of the by-laws made last year that registered assistant pharmacists are eligible for membership.

J. A. Kinder, Cape Girardeau, reported for the Committee on Trade Interests. He called attention to the question, "Is there a drug store crisis?" A

special committee was appointed to consider the report and requested further time in order to suggest methods of improving drug trade conditions. O. J. Cloughly, St. Louis, submitted a report on the National Formulary.

F. R. Dimmitt, Kansas City, one of the organizers of the Mo. Ph. A., reported for the Committee on Necrology.

Charles E. Zinn, Kansas City, submitted a report of the Committee on Legislation. F. H. Fricke, St.

Louis, state food and drug commissioner, addressed the association, offering the co-operation of his department with the board of pharmacy in a systematic inspection of the drug stores of the state. The offer was accepted by the board and a vote of thanks tendered by the Mo. Ph. A.

F. H. Fricke, St. Louis; C. F. Kardell, Versailles; 0. J. Cloughly, St. Louis; Paul L. Hess, Kansas City; A. H. Koch, St. Louis; Jacob Lieberstein, St. Louis; D. V. Whitney, Kansas City; Minnie M. Whitney, Kansas City; W. C. Bender, St. Joseph; H. D. Llewellyn, Mexico.

Charles E. Zinn, Kansas City, reported for the Missouri Board of Pharmacy. The state has 5,387 registered pharmacists and 191 assistant registered pharmacists.

Mrs. M. M. Whitney reported for the Committee on Time and Place and, as a result, the third Tuesday in June, 1914, was selected as the date and Pertle Springs as the place of the thirty-sixth annual meeting.

J. E. Koppenbrink, Higginsville, reported for the Committee on Exhibit of Pharmaceuticals. O. J. Cloughly and Louis Lieberstein, St. Louis, were awarded prizes for meritorious preparations.

Communications of greeting were received from Dr. John B. Bond, Little Rock, Ark., Professor E. G. Eberle, Dallas, Tex., and others.

Messrs. William Mittelbach, Boonville, H. O. A. Huegel, St. Louis, J. A. Trimble, Butler, and R. A. Davidson, Essex, were nominated as candidates from whom the governor is to select one for a vacancy which will occur in the board of pharmacy. The nominations are subject to the approval of the Committee on Candidates for Board of Pharmacy, which consists of W. K. Ilhardt, St. Louis, Francis Hemm, St. Louis, and J. F. Llewellyn, Mexico.

The following papers were read and discussed: 1. Longevity, How Produced, F. R. Dimmitt, Kansas City. 2. Aromatic Cascara, Fluid Extract (illustrated), 0. J. Cloughly, St. Louis. 3. Human Head Hunting in South America (illustrated), H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis.

4. The Mo. Ph. A. 1888 Meeting, H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis. Timely Topics, H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis.

5.

6.

The Necessity of Propaganda, Louis Lieberstein, St. Louis. 7. Folk Medicine in Scotch Islands, J. F. Llewellyn, Mexico. 8. Assay Processes of the Pharmacopoeias, Francis Hemm, St. Louis.

9. Manufacture of Grape Juice and Other Fruit Juices, O. J. Cloughly, St. Louis.

Officers for the ensuing year are as follows: President, Ed G. Schroers, St. Joseph; honorary president, T. T. Clifford, Sedalia; first vice-president, Thomas B. Montgomery, Warrensburg; second vice-president, O. J. Cloughly, St. Louis; third vice-president, R. L. Wardin, St. Louis; treasurer, William Mittelbach, Boonville; permanent secretary, Dr. H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis; assistant secretary, Louis Lieberstein, St. Louis; local secretary, F. W. Robinson, Warrensburg.

Council: H. O. A. Huegel (Chairman), St. Louis; D. V. Whitney (Secretary), Kansas City; I. Ben Miller, Cape Girardeau; A. W. Pauley, St. Louis; D. D. Llewellyn, Mexico; Ed G. Schroers, St. Joseph; William Mittelbach, Boonville; H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis.

President Ed G. Schoers announced the following chairmen of standing committees:

Deceased Members: R. R. Dimmitt, Kansas City.
Drug Adulterations: Mrs. M. M. Whitney, Kansas City.
Exhibits: J. E. Koppenbrink, Higginsville.
Entertainment: L. A. Seitz, St. Louis.
Ladies' Entertainment:

Mrs. H. M. Whelpley, St. Louis.

Legislation: F. H. Fricke, St. Louis.

National Formulary: 0. J. Cloughly, St. Louis. Membership and Attendance: W. C. Bender, St. Joseph. Papers and Queries: Francis Hemm, St. Louis. Historical Pharmacy:

Leo Suppan, St. Louis.

Trade Interests: J. A. Kinder, Cape Girardeau.
Transportation: J. George Wirthman, Kansas City.
U. S. Pharmacopoeia: William Mittelbach, Boonville.
Welcome: Dr. Otto F. Claus, St. Louis.
Candidates for Board of Pharmacy: D. V. Whitney, Kansas

City.

A conference committee on Entertainment was appointed to curb that of a hilarious nature. The members are: Professor Francis Hemm, William Mittelbach and Professor D. V. Whitney.

SNAKE BITES

By Julius Hurter, Sr., St. Louis.

The Treatment of Snake Bites.-Evidently the first thing to ascertain is whether the case is really that of a bite by a poisonous snake. If consisting of one or two isolated punctures, the wound is almost certain to be caused by a poisonous bite. If the snake or its head are secured the identification may be easy, as all our poisonous snakes are readily recognized by a pit or hole between the eye and the nostril. The first thing to be done is to tie a strong ligature or two, a string or a handkerchief between the wound and the heart, wherever practicable; next cutting deeply into the puncture, so as to make the blood flow freely. Then suck out the blood from the wound, a procedure perfectly harmless, unless the person doing it has an open wound in the mouth; next a careful loosening of the ligature so as to admit a small quantity of fresh blood to the ligated member in order to prevent mortification; next, administration of a stimulant; if on hand, small doses of an alcoholic liquor being given internally at frequent intervals; if alcohol is not at hand, and a stimulant appears imperative, a small dose of ammonia might be given, but only very shortly after the bite, not on a later stage when it will certainly do harm, at least in the cases of poisoning by rattlesnakes, copperhead or water moccasins. If the patient has to wait for the arrival of a doctor, now is the time to try all reliable means to produce a profuse perspiration. Now inject two or three drops of an aqueous solution (1 to 100) of chromic acid, or potassium permanganate, with a small hypodermic syringe exactly into the punctures of each fang. It is necessary to let the liquid penetrate into the tissues to the same depth as the venom; the injection must therefore be more or less deep according to the size of the snake. To make absolutely sure three or four more similar injections are made a little distance around the point bitten.

If, at the time of treatment, the swelling has already obtained a certain size, it may be necessary to make injections into various points of the tumor. After the injections, the part is pressed gently with the hand so as to distribute the injected fluid in all directions and facilitate its mixture with the venom. Next some punctures are made with a point of a knife. Usually a rather large quantity of yellowish serosity flows from the wound, mixed with a part of the injected fluid. In order to facilitate this discharge the swelling should be kneaded repeatedly with the hand. Then the surface should be washed with the potassium permanganate or chromic acid solution and a small piece of lint soaked with one or the other of these liquids applied. If after some time the swelling continues to grow, additional injections into the parts must be made as well as punctures. With this treatment

the tissues preserve their vitality; the skin does not turn black but remains red.

In very severe and acute cases, in which the venom has been injected directly into the circulation, no matter of what kind of poisonous snake, the chances of recovery are very slight indeed. The only chance in such cases seems to be to stimulate the nervous center as speedily as possible. The local lesion having been attended to, the general systematic treatment may commence, as by this time the venom has probably already entered the circulation, it being necessary occasionally to loosen the ligatures for a moment to prevent mortification. Alcohol in small doses, and washing out the stomach may now be in order, as well as the administration of sudborific and diuretic remedies, preferably fluid extract of jaborandi. Hypodermic injections of 15 to 20 minims of Liquor Strychinæ Acetatis, N. F., repeated every 20 minutes until slight tetanic spasms appear seem to be warranted. Constant watching for relapses and attention to the local lesion will do the rest.

PHARMACEUTICAL ASSOCIATIONS

The Missouri Pharmaceutical Travelers' Association held its twenty-fourth annual meeting at Pertle Springs the week of the Mo. Ph. A. Convention. Sixty-two members were in attendance:

Officers for the Ensuing Year Are: E. C. Himberg, President, Kansas City, Mo., Eli Lilly & Co.

J. J. Murphy, First Vice-President, St. Louis, Mo.

P. R. Hoad, Second Vice-President, St. Louis, Ethical Drug Co. Schoolin Chapline, Third Vice-President, Kansas City, Mo., McPike Drug Co.

W. R. Adelsperger, Secretary, Kansas City, Mo., Evans-Smith Drug Co.

D. R. Dunavan, Assistant Secretary, Kansas City, Mo., Liquid Cabonic Co.

Fred W. Sultan, Treasurer, St. Louis, Mo., Sultan Drug Co. Chas. Wagner, Assistant Treasurer, St. Louis, Mo., J. S. Merrell Drug Co.

C. L. Chittenden, Sergeant at Arms, St. Louis, Mo., Robert A. Johnston & Co.

Council: F. W. Keyser, Kansas City, Mo., Mgr. NelsonBaker Co. (Branch.)

F. R. Klein, St. Louis, Sharp & Dohme.

M. C. H. Arendes, St. Louis, J. S Merrell Drug Co.

H. T. Haintz, Kansas City, Mo., J. Hungerford Smith Co. C. C. Rank, Chicago, Ill., Armour & Co.

PHYSICIANS AS HEALTH EDUCATORS.-Many of the worst evils of our present-day civilization, dirt, ill health, despondency, pauperism and crime, are in a large part due to the failure on the part of the majority of those trained in medicine to act as leaders and public educators. Health of body and mind should be recognized as of first importance to the community. "They have been so recognized, so far as they have been understood," says Havelock Ellis, "in every great period of civilization of which we have much knowledge, as Roman and Moorish ruins alone suffice to testify. That they are not so recognized today is the chief element of rottenness in our civilization. We postpone laying the foundations of our social structure in order to elaborate its pinnacles. We have not yet learned that a great civilization is ill built up on the bodies of men and women enfeebled and distorted by overwork, filth and disease." [C. R. Bardeen in Science.

4. (a) Define menstruum. (b) Name the different modes of extraction employed in pharmacy.

5. Give the chemical name of each of the following: (a) caustic potash, (b) saltpetre, (c) copperas, (d) calomel.

6. Give the common name of H2SO3, (b) AgNO3, (c) KCl03.

each of the following:

(a)

7. (a) Describe the water bath. (b) What other kinds of baths are used in pharmacology?

8. Blue ointment. (a) Name its ingredients. (b) Is it a mechanical or a chemical mixture?

9. (a) What is meant by the term milk of lime? (b) If a solution of milk of lime is heated what change occurs?

10. Sugar of milk. (a) How is it obtained? (b) What uses has it in pharmacology?

11. Dover's powder. (a) Name its ingredients. per cent of its active constituent.

(b) Give the

12. From what is hamamelis water prepared? What is used as its preservative?

13. Write the Latin title of each of the following: (a) lime water, (b) Basham's mixture, (c) Lugol's solution. 14.

Chloroform liniment. (a) Write its official name. (b) How

is it prepared?

15. Give the chemical formula for (a) zinc sulphate, (b) calomel, (c) alcohol.

THEORETICAL PHARMACY-(Answer the first six questions and any four of the others).

1. How is the fineness of a powder determined? degree of fineness recognized by the Pharmacopoeia. 2.

Criticize the following prescriptions:

a B Potassium Chlorate

Tincture of Ferric Chloride

Mucilage of Acacia

Water enough to make

Mention the

SS

6.

7.

Name three antidotes for caustic alkalies.

State (a) the emergency treatment for opium poisoning, (b) the effect of a poisonous dose of opium on the eyes.

8. The sale of poisons. (a) Name five substances in schedule A. (b) What does the law require in regard to schedule A? 9. State the average dose of (a) diluted nitro muriatic acid, (b) aromatic sulphuric acid, (c) fluidextract of buckthorn.

10. State the average dose of tartar emetic as (a) an expectorant, (b) an emetic.

11. State the average dose of (a) bicarbonate of soda, (b) hypophosphite of soda, (c) santonin, (d) gallic acid.

12. (a) What antitoxin is official? (b) State its average dose. (c) State its immunizing dose.

13. Fowler's solution. Give (a) its official title, (b) its active constituent, (c) its average dose.

14. How much of a 90% solution of carbolic acid would be required to make a pint of 5% solution?

15. State the average dose of (a) syrup of squill, (b) syrup of senega, (c) syrup of ginger.

MATERIA MEDICA AND BOTANY-(Answer the first six questions and any four of the others).

1. Define (a) anthelmintic, (b) enema, (c) aperient, (d) antipyretic.

2. Name (a) three vegetable cathartics, (b) two mineral cathartics.

3. Give the official title of each of the following: (a) white vitriol, (b) blue vitriol, (c) green vitriol, (d) lunar caustic. 4. Give the common name of (a) rubus, (b) saccharum, (c) saccharum lactis, (d) mel, (e) salvia.

5. Give the source of (a) lupulin, (b) tycopodium, (c) rosin, (d) tar, (e) piperine.

6.

Define the following terms:

phanerogamous, (d) fertilization

(a) embryro, (b) ovule, (c)

7. Define the following terms as applied to leaves: (a) serrate, (b) dentate, (c) pe tate, (d) perfoliate.

8. Give the official Latin title of (a) carbolic acid; (b) croton oil, (c) lime, (d) rhubarb, (e) salt.

9. Collodion. (a) Define it. (b) Name two official collodions. (c) State the care necessary in keeping and handling it. 10. To what class of drugs does each of the following belong : (a) acacia, (b) colophony, (c) asafetida, (d) copaiba?

11. Give the common name of each of the following: (a) frangula, (b) linum, (c) lappa, (d) cannabis indica (e) sanguinaria. 12. (a) What constitutes the food of plants? (b) In what forms must plant food be in order to be absorbed ? 13. Name (a) two volatile oils from the mint family, (b) two volatile oils from fruits, (c) one volatile oil from wood. 14. Spigelia. Give (a) its botanic origin, (b) its common name, (c) the habitat of the plant, (d) its medicinal property. 15. Aloes. State (a) the part of the plant used, (b) the commercial names applied to it, (c) its medicinal property, (d) its active constituent.

Give the meaning of each of the following abbreviations: (a) mg., (b) m., (c) p. s., (d) gtt., (e) chart.

4. How many grains of atropine sulphate will be required to make 60 cc of a 1% solution?

5.

Name a solvent for each of the following: (a) sal soda, (b) tragacanth, (c) morphine sulphate, (d) paraffin, (e) sulphur. 6. Define the following terms: (a) exsiccation, (b) desiccation.

7. Name five official waters that contain a volatile oil.

8.

Why is a nonluminous flame hotter than a luminous one? 9. How many cubic centimeters of tincture of iodine can be made from 35 grammes of iodine?

10. Why do drops of different liquids vary in size?

11. Which of the following liquids are heavier and which are lighter than water: (a) glycerin, (b) alcohol, (c) ether, chloroform, (e) sulphuric acid?

(d)

12. Why is purified talc used in making many of the official waters? 13. In the preparation of cerate why does the Pharmacopoeia direct that the liquefied constituents be constantly stirred till the mixture congeals?

14. Why is tincture of soap bark objectionable as an emulsifying agent?

15. Why must glycerin be protected from moist air? TOXICOLOGY AND POSOLOGY-(Answer the first six questions and any four of the others.)

1. What is meant by maximum and minimum as applied to dose?

2. State the average dose of (a) fuldextract of gelsemium, (b) rhubarb, (c) calcined magnesia, (d) sublimed sulphur. 3. How much solution of strychnine containing four grains to the fluidounce will be required to make a four ounce mixture containing 1/60 of a grain to the teaspoonful?

4. State the average dose of (a) iodide of potassium, (b) tincture of nux vomica, (c) bismuth subgallate.

Syrupi

Aquae Menthae Pip. ad

Sig. One tablespoonful every hour. Prepare the following:

3. Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis

4.

(See U. S. P. page 345.)

VARNISHES TO AVOID.-Low grade varnishes dry rapidly, some almost as soon as they touch the surface upon which they are applied. This is the result of rapid evaporation of the thinner, which is benzine. The varnish seems dry, but is not, and in course of time will become soft and sticky, and remain that way indefinitely. It develops white spots under the action of clear water, due to the presence of rosin. It is non-elastic, very brittle, scratches easily under the fingernail test, has a full gloss, which in time perishes, is difficult to apply, will not flow out at all, does not level up, cracks badly, smells vile, and is vile, a costly article as a gift even.— [Painter and Decorator.

M. S.: A teaspoonful to be diluted with half a wineglassful of water.

Preparation for Fixing the Moustache. The Pharmaceutical Journal says: "This is a solution of 1 part of sandarach in 5 fluid parts of alcohol, perfumed with mirbane and some other aromatics. You would find the hard resin of tolu, left after making the syrup, or balsam of tolu itself, quite as satisfactory when dissolved."

Improved Mistura Rhei et Sodae. The following formula is suggested as an improvement on that at present official in the U. S. P.: Sodium bicarbonate, 35; potassium carbonate, 3; liquid extract or rhubarb, 15; liquid extract of ipecacuanha, 3; spirit of peppermint, 15; alcohol, 100; glycerin, 250; water to make, 1,000. Mix and filter.-[A, F. Marquier (Amer. Journ. Pharm., February, 1913, 79). Alcohol Pencils (Styli Spirituosi).-According to Dr. P. G. Unna, (Pharm. Centralh, XLII, p. 6), alcohol pencils may be made as follows:

The pencils may be readily preserved in tin-foil tubes. After being rubbed on the skin, the alcohol evaporates and leaves behind a thin, invisible soapvarnish on the skin. The pencils may be used for disinfecting the epidermis in parasitic diseases.

Paste for Relief Decorations.-Lincrusta-Walton may be hung with a paste made by dissolving in boiling water 1 lb. of best glue and adding to a paste made from 3 lbs. of best flour; apply the paste very thick, and in a warm room. The recipe recommended by one manufacturer of reliefs is: Make an ordinary paste of 6 lbs. of best white flour. Add 1 lb. of glue. Well stew the mixture, adding 1⁄2 lb. of powdered resin. Mix hot, and well stir it, until it becomes of

a dirty yellowish brown color, when it is ready for use. [Practical Decorator.

Pastes for Wall Paper. The ordinary paste is made by placing in a 2-gal. bucket about 31⁄2 lbs. of good wheaten or rye flour, preferably old and not too fine, and stirring in slowly only just enough cold water to make a stiff batter. Constantly stir with a stick until the mixture is quite smooth; as a preservative add a teaspoonful of oil of cloves or a little carbolic acid, and then stir in enough boiling water to thicken the paste and cause it to become translucent, by which time the bucket will be about full. There are many other recipes.

Invisible and Sympathetic Inks.-J. Rutherford Hill contributed the following to the North British Branch of the Pharmaceutical Society:

So-called invisible and sympathetic inks are well known, and there are many formulae for their production. They have been used for secret correspondence, but are perhaps of more interest to the conjurer or the romancist than to the prosaic disciple of Galen. And yet the latter is not infrequently applied to by the conjuror, either professional or amateur. Such was my lot on a recent occasion. An invisible or a sympathetic ink was required that would become visible on exposure to the fumes of either chloroform, ether or ammonia. A reference to the usual authorities gave no practical result, and the case seemed rather hopeless; but it occurred to me that by using a solution of mercurous nitrate and exposing the writing to the fumes of ammonia, a precipitate of black mercurous nitrate would be formed and give the desired result. On writing with such a solution, by means of a quill, on ordinary white paper, the writing, when dry, is invisible. A small quantity of strong solution of ammonia is placed in the bottom of a large cylindrical glass jar, which thus becomes filled with ammonia gas in a suitably moist condition. On placing the paper with the invisible writing inside the jar a few seconds and then withdrawing it, it will be found that the writing comes out in a very distinct black.

This is an invisible ink, but when once developed it remains. A sympathetic ink, on the other hand, is one that becomes visible and then vanishes again as required. To meet this requirement it occurred to me to try a fairly strong solution of phenol-phthalein. Writing with such a solution on ordinary white paper is quite invisible when dry, but when placed for a few seconds in the jar above mentioned the writing becomes of a beautiful pink colour, which fades as the ammonia evaporates. By breathing upon the paper the colour disappears almost immediately. By a little thought many other devices of a curious and interesting kind might be discovered, and. perhaps the addition of the foregoing to the ideas already in existence may be found useful by those who are called upon to cater for the multifarious demands for something new, mysterious, and entertaining.