tions include authority to make necessary rules and regulations and inspections as to the conduct of all utilities. Chapter 42, Section 72. Regulates size and construction of caboose cars, and requires them to be equipped with guard-rails, grab-irons and steps. Penalty for violation. Section 75. Requires frogs and guard-rails to be blocked for protection of employees. Penalty for violation. Chapter 43, Section 36. Requires platforms on street cars to be enclosed during winter months so as to protect employees from wind and inclement weather. Penalty for violation. Chapter 44, Section 24. Regulates hours of continuous duty of drivers of motor trucks, requiring rest periods. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE The Department of Agriculture has supervision over slaughterhouses and meat processing plants, and beverage bottling plants. Laws provide for licensing and are aimed primarily at purity of the product. NUISANCE CONTROL Chapter 128, Section 7, amended. Certain nuisances described. "The erection, continuance or use of any building or place for the exercise of a trade, employment or manufacture, which, by noxious exhalations, offensive smells or other annoyances becomes injurious and dangerous to the health, comfort or property of individuals, or of the public; causing or permitting abandoned wells or tin mining shafts to remain unfilled or uncovered to the injury or prejudice of others . . . are declared to be public nuisances." MARYLAND SOURCES: Annotated Code of Maryland, 1951 Rules and Regulations of State Agencies STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 1 Authority and Functions 1 Annotated Code of Maryland, 1951, Article 43, Section 2. Powers and duties of State Board of Health." "The State Board of Health shall have the general care of the sanitary interests of the people of this State; they shall make sanitary investigations and inquiries respecting the causes of disease, and especially epidemics, the causes of mortality and the influence of locality, employments, habits and other circumstances and conditions upon the health of the people; they shall inquire into and investigate all nuisances affecting the public health and are authorized and empowered . . . to apply to . . . any Judge of the Circuit Court for the county in which such nuisance shall exist, or to the Judge of the Circuit Court of Baltimore City, as the case may be . . . for an injunction to restrain and prevent such nuisance no matter by whom or what authority committed. 1 Additional references on pages 113 (Sections 392 to 399), and 114 (State Board of Agriculture). Paragraph headings are inserted. They shall have the power to enter upon and inspect private property in regard to the presence of nuisances, cases of infectious and contagious diseases and to determine the cause and source of diseases; to make rules and regulations not inconsistent with law regulating the character and location of plumbing, drainage.. or other waste material and offensive trades . . . and all sanitary features connected therewith. Section 6. Sanitary districts. "The State Board of Health of Maryland shall divide the State outside of Baltimore City 'into twenty-three sanitary districts following county lines, and . . . appoint a Deputy State Health Officer for each sanitary district.' Section 8. Duties of Deputy State Health Officers. "Each Deputy State Health Officer, under the direction of the State Board of Health and the State Health Officer shall have jurisdiction throughout his district; and he shall have the right of entry into any workshop, factory, dairy, creamery, slaughterhouse, or other place of business or employment . . . when in pursuit of his official duties. . . . He shall, when required by the State Board of Health, inspect and report upon the sanitary conditions of streams and sources of public water supply, sewerage facilities . . . dairies, creameries, slaughterhouses, workshops, and factories, and all places where offensive trades or industries are conducted in his district . . . and it shall be his duty and he is hereby authorized to enforce any public health statute, or rule, or regulation of the State Board of Health... ... Section 32. Organization. Establishes seven major organizational units within the Department and authorizes the Board of Health to establish subunits within them and to assign responsibilities and functions. Section 33. Duties of State Board of Health. "The State Board of Health shall . . . examine into and investigate epidemics and nuisances and devise means for their control . . . Section 36. Nuisances. "The State Board of Health shall . . . inquire into and investigate offensive trades and nuisances, disposal of trade wastes, sewage and other offensive matters, and devise means for their control." Section 39. State Department of Health. "For the purpose of this article, the state board of health shall be known under the title and designated 'State Department of Health'. . . Article 101, Section 43. Occupational disease prevention. "It shall be the duty of the State Department of Health and of the Commissioner of Health of Baltimore City, concurrently: "(a) To receive reports of occupational diseases from physicians who have knowledge of such cases. "(b) To study occupational diseases and ways and means for their control and prevention, and make the necessary rules and regulations for such control and prevention. Such rules and regulations for the control and prevention of occupational diseases shall have the force and effect of law. [Rest of section prescribes procedure for rules and penalty for violation.] "(c) To investigate industrial conditions causing occupational diseases, or which may be suspected of causing occupational diseases, and make recommendations for the control of such conditions. To enforce regulations regarding occupational diseases. "(e) To recommend to the Legislature for enactment such measures . . their studies and experience may demonstrate to be advisable. . as "But nothing in this Section shall be construed to limit any powers given to the Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, by charter or amendment thereto." General Provisions Relating to Occupational Health Statutory Provisions Adulteration of Food and Drinks Article 43, Section 162. Requires all places used for the sale, manufacturing, packing or distribution of nonalcoholic beverages to be "properly drained, plumbed and conducted with due regard for the purity and wholesomeness of the products therein produced, and with strict regard to the influence of such conditions upon the health of the operatives, employees, clerks, or other persons therein employed." Persons afflicted with contagious, infectious or skin diseases are prohibited from being employed. Penalty for violation. Section 199. Sets forth sanitary requirements for food processing and handling establishments, covering sanitation facilities, cleanliness of premises and employees. Penalty for violation. Rules and Regulations Adopted by State Board of Health. Regulations Governing the Control and Prevention of Occupational Diseases. Regulation I prohibits employers and firms from using in the conduct of business or manufacturing any process, material or method of work known to have an adverse effect on health of workers, unless properly controlled. Effective January 1, 1941. Regulation 2 lists maximum allowable concentrations to toxic materials. Effective June 1, 1944. Regulation 3 prohibits use of mercurial carrot in the preparation of hatters' fur or in the manufacture of hats. Effective December 1, 1941. Reporting of Occupational Diseases Annotated Code of Maryland, 1951, Article 43, Section 11. Reports by physicians. "Every physician attending on or called in to visit a patient whom he believes to be suffering from poisoning from lead, phosphorus, arsenic or mercury or their compounds, or from anthrax, or from compressed-air illness or any other ailment or disease contracted as a result of the nature of the patient's employment, shall send to the State Board of Health a written notice stating. . . Air Pollution and Nuisance Control Article 43, Section 103. "Whenever any watercourse, well, spring. other place, or any accumulation or deposit of offensive or noxious matters, or any house, building, trades establishment or manufacturing place . . . is certified to the State Board of Health by any two legally qualified medical practitioners, or any three or more persons affected thereby, to be in a state of nuisance injuriously affecting any adjacent property or district, dangerous to health, the said Board of Health shall forthwith investigate the matter.. the said board shall through its proper officer serve a notice in writing on the person, firm or corporation, by whose act, default or sufferance the nuisance arises or continues. Section 116. "The Governor is hereby authorized and directed to place in the budget an item for appropriating the sum of at least not to exceed One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) annually to the State Department of Health for the study and control of air pollution in Maryland. The Budget shall specify that not less than one-half of such appropriation shall be paid over by the State Board of Health to the Health Department of Baltimore City, for use in the study and control of air pollution in and adjacent to the City of Baltimore." STATE INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENT COMMISSION Authority and Functions 1 Article 101, Section 54. Rule-making power. "The State Industrial Accident Commission is hereby authorized and directed to formulate reasonable rules and regulations looking to the establishment of conditions of safety and to the prevention of accidents in occupations covered by the provisions of this Article. . . ." Section 55. Penalty for noncompliance. Section 56. Inspection of places of employment. "Any member of the State Industrial Accident Commission, Director of Safety . . . shall have free access. . . to all places of employment, subject to the Workmen's Compensation Law... and shall have full power and authority to inspect such places of employment including the right to enter upon such places . . . for the for the purpose of obtaining information, investigating the provisions therein made for the safety of employees and other persons and bringing to the attention of the employers . . . any provision of law or any order or rule of the State Industrial Accident Commission relating to safety methods or appliances. . . ." Penalty for violation. General Provisions Relating to Occupational Health and Safety Statutory Provisions None specifically. Rules and Regulations Promulgated by State Industrial Accident Commission. [Penalties for violation are provided for in law. All codes are effective as of August 1, 1948, and contain references to pertinent national standard codes.] 1. Safety Code for the Protection of Industrial Workers in Foundries. Rules apply to conditions and operations in all types of foundries. Safety requirements are specified for the plant layout, furnaces and charging machines, and the equipment, and for cleaning of castings and arc welding. Rules require adequate lighting and mechanical ventilation for carrying off smoke, dust and gases; daily inspection of equipment for defects; and personal protective equipment for workers. Females are prohibited from lifting any object exceeding 25 pounds in weight. Code also contains safety suggestions for foundry operations. 2. Safety Code for Protection of Heads, Eyes, and Respiratory Organs. Rules apply to all industrial processes and operations presenting a hazard to the head, eyes, face, neck or respiratory organs of workers; classify operations and processes into 12 groups according to type of protection indicated; and set forth specifications for design, testing and maintenance of various protectors and for type to be used in specific operations such as for chipping, riveting, for exposure to dust and wind, for electric arc welding and cutting, for exposure to glare, and irrespirable gases and vapors. 3. Safety Code for Paper and Pulp Mills. Rules set forth specific safety requirements for handling and storage of pulp wood and other materials; personal protective measures for workers handling 1 1 Additional reference on page 114 (State Board of Education). raw materials; safeguards for pulp preparation machinery; and protection of workers in various operations such as rag and old paper preparation, sulphate process of making pulp, and bleaching and mechanical pulp process by use of personal protective devices, mechanical ventilation safeguards on equipment, or safe practices. 4. Textile Safety Code. Rules apply to the design, installation, processes, operation, and maintenance of textile machinery, equipment and other plant facilities in all textile plants, except those manufacturing synthetic fibers. 5. Safety Code for Compressed Air Machinery and Equipment. Rules apply to safe use of air compressors, pneumatic hammers, pneumatic drills and other equipment used in providing and utilizing compressed air in performing certain operations. 6. Safety Code for Bakery Equipment. Rules apply to the design, installation, operation, and maintenance of mixers, proofers, rounders, moulders, ovens, slicing and wrapping machines and other equipment used in bakeries. 7. Safety Code for the Use, Care, and Protection of Abrasive Wheels. Code contains rules and specifications for safety in use of abrasive wheels, including comprehensive specifications for protection hooks, flanges, chucks and revolving cup guards, and rules for the proper storage, handling and mounting of wheels. 8. Safety Code for Laundry Machinery and Operations. Rules apply to all moving parts of equipment used in laundries, point of operation guards, and general operations. 9. Safety Code for Window Cleaning. Rules deal with use of approved safety devices in all window cleaning operations performed on public buildings more than one story high. NOTE: Among other safety codes issued are: Safety Code for Mechanical Power-Transmission. Apparatus; Method of Marking Compressed Gas Cylinders to Identify Content; Safety Code for Power Presses and Food and Hand Presses; Safety Code for Floor and Wall Openings, Railways, and Toe Boards; and Safety Code for Cranes, Derricks and Hoists. Workmen's Compensation Workmen's Compensation Law is administered by the State Industrial Accident Commission. (Annotated Code of Maryland, 1951, Article 101, Sections 1 to 83) Occupational Disease Compensation Article 101, Section 21. Provides for full coverage for disability from an occupational disease, as defined. Reporting of Injuries Section 25(b). Requires employers to report a disability from an occupational disease to the State Commissioner or his local representative. Section 37. Requires employers to report accidents causing disability for a period of more than 3 days to the State Commissioner or his local representative. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY Authority and Functions Article 89, Section 2. Duties. "It shall be the duty of the said Commissioner: 1st. To collect statistics concerning and examine into the condition of labor |