Section 36-310. Requires employers employing women to provide proper and suitable seats for them, and to permit their use when not actively engaged in duties. Penalty for violation.

Reporting of Injuries

Section 36-438. . . . Report of employees' injury, death or disease. "(c) Every employer shall submit to the Board within ten days from the date of any injury or death, or from the date that the employer has knowledge of any disease or infection resulting from any injury, a duplicate copy of the report provided for in section 33-930, as made applicable to the District of Columbia by sections 36-501 and 36-502."1

BOARD OF EDUCATION OF DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Employment of Minors

D. C. Code 1951, Section 36-216. Empowers the Board of Education and its authorized agents to cause to be enforced provisions relating to employment of minors, make complaints against persons violating its provisions, and prosecute violations.

Among pertinent provisions are the following:

Section 36-201. Forbids any child under 14 to be employed in any gainful occupation, except in distribution of newspapers as further provided for.

Section 36-203. Prohibits the employment of minors "in any place of employment or at any employment, dangerous or prejudicial to the life, health, safety or welfare of such minor," and makes it the duty of the Board of Education to issue general orders prohibiting the employment of minors in such places.

Section 36-204. Prohibits employment of minors under 16 in the operation of any machinery operated by power other than hand and foot power and in oiling, wiping or cleaning machinery.

Section 36-205. Prohibits employment of minors under 18 in certain occupations including quarry, tunnel or excavation, tobacco warehouse or factory, and of girls under 18 in retail tobacco stores, hotels, places of amusement or in distribution or delivery of goods or messages.

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION

D. C. Code, Section 36-501. Provisions of the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act approved March 4, 1927, including all amendments, are made applicable to workers in the District of Columbia with respect to injury or death, with exemptions as specified. The Act is administered by the Bureau of Employees' Compensation, U. S. Department of Labor.

Occupational Disease Compensation

The Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, Section 2. Defines the term "injury" to include accidental injury or death and such occupational disease or infection as arises naturally out of the employment. Reporting of Injuries

The Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, Sections 29 and 30. Require employers to keep a record of all injuries to employees and

1 1 Refers to the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act.

within 10 days from date of injury or death or from the date that the employer has knowledge of a disease or infection, to send to the Commission a report stating pertinent facts.

VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION OF PERSONS

INJURED IN INDUSTRY

U. S. Code Annotated, Title 29, Section 36. District of Columbia. “Out of funds made available for the purpose, the Administrator (Secretary of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare) is authorized to provide vocational rehabilitation services to disabled persons actually residing in the District of Columbia and to formulate and carry out a plan of cooperation with the Secretary of Labor with respect to the vocational rehabilitation of any such disabled residents as are civil employees of the United States disabled while in the performance of duty. In carrying out his functions under this section, the Administrator is authorized to utilize and enlarge facilities of appropriate units of the [Department of Health, Education, and Welfare], and to enter into agreements and cooperative working arrangements with public agencies and private persons, agencies, and institutions, within the United States, its Territories, and possessions, for services and use of facilities of such persons, agencies, and institutions and to compensate them and such units for such services and use."

PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION

D. C. Code 1951, Section 43-208. The Public Utilities Commission has power, among other things, to make and serve orders directing repairs, improvements, or changes to service or equipment of street railroads, power communications and other public utilities in order to promote the comfort or convenience of the public and employees.

Section 43-601. Empowers the Commission to order such reasonable improvements as will promote the public interest, preserve the public health and protect users and those employed in the manufacture and operation of gas and electric works, and their distribution.

Section 44-205. Requires glass vestibules to be provided on all street railway cars during certain months to protect motormen from inclement weather.

MISCELLANEOUS

D. C. Building Code, Article 501-08. Rooms subject to special hazards. "Unless already provided for by law or duly authorized regulations, rooms in which, by reason of use or occupancy, dust, fumes, gases, vapors, or other noxious or deleterious impurities tending to injure the health of occupants or to create a fire hazard, exist or develop, shall be provided with sufficient ventilation facilities to insure that the occupants will not be subject to unhealthful conditions."

Article 505-03. (d) Ventilation required for workrooms. "All sources of noxious dust, fumes, vapors, gases, or mists shall be segregated whenever possible, or exhausted locally to such an extent that no hazard to the health of workers shall exist. Recirculation of air removed by local exhaust systems is prohibited unless the contaminant is removed by an approved method to a safe limit of concentration as provided in Article 501-08. ... The duct system used shall be independent of any other ventilating system."

SOURCES: Florida Statutes Annotated

1953 New Laws

FLORIDA

Florida State Sanitary Code

Rules and Regulations of State Agencies

STATE BOARD OF HEALTH

Authority and Functions 1

Florida Statutes Annotated, Section 381.15. General powers of board. "The state board of health shall have the general supervision of the public health of the State of Florida, and may make, promulgate and enforce such rules and regulations as may be necessary for the preservation of the same.

Section 381.49. Rules and regulations of state board of health. "The State Board of Health may make, adopt, promulgate, enforce, and from time to time, amend, and repeal rules and regulations covering sanitation and quarantine as may be necessary for the protection of the public health. . . ."

Section 381.50. The Sanitary Code. "The Sanitary Code may include regulations covering . . . the production, handling and sale of foods and drinks . food canning plants. . . the sanitation of all . . . factories . . . and the sanitary regulation of any other condition, practice, establishment or institution as may be necessary for the protection of public health. . . .

Section 381.55. Study of causes of disease. "The state board of health shall provide for the thorough investigation and study of the causes of all diseases, epidemic and otherwise, in this state and the means for prevention, and the publication and distribution of such information as may contribute to the preservation of the public health and prevention of disease."

Section 381.58. Prescribes penalty for violations of the Sanitary Code. Industrial Hygiene

Regulations of the Florida Industrial Commission, entitled Regulations for Control and Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Industry in the State of Florida, delegate the following functions to the Division of Industrial Hygiene, Florida State Board of Health:

Regulation No. 4 provides that "maximum allowable concentration for other contaminants not included in this code shall be stipulated after a study of the most recent toxicological information by the Florida State Board of Health or the Florida Industrial Commission has been made.”

"Plans and specifications for ventilating systems designed for the control of health hazards shall be submitted to the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the Florida State Board of Health for approval previous to the installation of the ventilating systems. The Division of Industrial Hygiene shall be notified immediately upon the installation of a ventilating system in order that the system may be tested for performance and given final approval."

Regulation No. 8 states that "any place of employment using radio-active compounds or any industrial process using or emitting short wave ... . . radiant energy shall have the working environment inspected and checked by the Division of Industrial Hygiene of the State Board of Health and the employee examined at intervals of not less than six months."

1

1 Additional references on page 52 (Section 440.152, and Rules and Regulations).

General Provisions Relating to Occupational Health

Statutory Provisions

None specifically.

Rules and Regulations1

Adopted by State Board of Health.

1. Florida State Sanitary Code, Chapter VII. Drinking Water, Toilet and Washroom Facilities in Buildings Serving the Public and in Places of Employment. Effective July 24, 1949.

Regulations require that places of employment must provide suitable and separate sanitary facilities for employees; specify the number and type of facilities; and require that they be kept clean, lighted and ventilated.

2. Chapter XXV. Camps.

Regulations apply to labor camps and camps established for recreational purposes. Requirements cover issuance of permits, sanitation and cleanliness of premises and facilities, and inspections.

3. Food Sanitation.

The Sanitary Code contains regulations governing food sanitation in commercial food canneries, abattoirs and sea-food preparation establishments. Requirements cover cleanliness of premises and equipment, ventilation and heating, and provision of sanitation facilities. Persons afflicted with infectious or communicable diseases are prohibited from working.

None.

Reporting of Occupational Diseases

FLORIDA INDUSTRIAL COMMISSION

Authority and Functions

Florida Statutes Annotated, Section 440.46. Investigations by the Commission. "(1) The Commission shall make studies and investigations with respect to safety provisions and the causes of injuries in employments covered by this chapter, and shall from time to time make to the legislature and employers and carriers such recommendations as it may deem proper as to the best means of preventing injuries. In making such studies and investigations the Commission is authorized (a) to cooperate with any agency of the United States charged with the duty of enforcing any law securing safety against injury in any employment covered by this chapter, or with the State factory inspector or any agency or department of the State engaged in enforcing any laws to assure safety for employees, and (b) to permit said inspector or any such agency or department to have access to the records of the Commission. . . .

66

Section 440.56. Safety rules and provisions; penalty. (2) The Commission shall have the power, jurisdiction and authority: (a) To investigate and prescribe what safety devices, safeguards or other means of protection shall be adopted for the prevention of accidents in every employment or place of employment, and to determine what suitable devices, safeguards, or other means of protection for the prevention of industrial or occupational diseases shall be adopted or followed in any or all such employments, or places of employment and to make, amend or repeal reasonable rules for the prevention of acci

1 See under Rules and Regulations of Florida Industrial Commission, page 52.

294406-54- -5

dents and the prevention of industrial or occupational diseases. (b) To ascertain, fix, and order such reasonable standards and rules for the construction, repair and maintenance of places of employment as shall render them safe. . . "(5) The Commission and its authorized representatives shall have the power and authority to enter at any reasonable time any place of employment for the purpose of examining any tool, appliance or machinery used in such employment and of making inspections for the proper enforcement of this section. No employer or owner shall refuse to admit any member of the Commission or its authorized representatives to any place of employment. . . .

Section 450.22. Enforcement of chapter (450). Authorizes the Florida Industrial Commission and other law enforcement agencies to enforce child labor laws, and provides for power of entry and authority to inspect establishments covered by the law.

Section 440.152. Commission to make study of occupational diseases, etc. "The Workmen's Compensation Division of the Florida Industrial Commission shall make a study of occupational diseases and the ways and means for their control and prevention; shall make and enforce necessary regulations for such control. For this purpose the Division is authorized to cooperate with employers, employees and carriers and with the State Board of Health. ." (Note:

The study was carried out.)

General Provisions Relating to Occupational Health and Safety Statutory Provisions

Section 440.56. Safety rules and provisions; penalty. "(1) Every employer shall furnish employment which shall be safe for the employees therein and shall furnish and use safety devices and safeguards, and shall adopt and use methods and processes reasonably adequate to render such an employment and place of employment safe, and shall do every other thing reasonably necessary to protect the life, health and safety of such employees; provided that as used in this section the terms 'safe' and 'safety' as applied to any employment or place of employment shall mean such freedom from danger as is reasonably necessary for the protection of the life, health and safety of employees or the public, including conditions and methods of sanitation and hygiene. Penalty for violation of provisions of this section.

Section 448.05. Seats to be furnished for employees in stores; penalty. Requires merchants and storekeepers to furnish suitable seats for use of employees in stores when not engaged in active work or not required to stand in performance of duties. Penalty for violation.

Rules and Regulations

Adopted by Industrial Commission.

Regulations for Control and Prevention of Occupational Diseases in Industry in the State of Florida. Adopted April 14, 1947. (Drafted jointly with Division of Industrial Hygiene, State Board of Health, and U. S. Public Health Service.)

Regulation No. 1. Definitions.

Regulation No. 2. Environmental Standards. "There shall not exist in any place of employment any process, material or condition known to have an adverse effect on health unless provisions are present to maintain the occupational environment in such a manner as to prevent the existence of a health hazard."

Regulation No. 3. Housekeeping. Requires good housekeeping practices in all places of employment so as to prevent the existence of a nuisance condition, the maintenance of floors in a clean and dry condition and the provision of boots