"tions give him the title Sir, tell him their bu

finefs, and demand justice of him. But where "these adulations are admitted, though it doth

not strike fuddenly into fome incurable dif"ease, yet the fame hand can make them con"fume, and in the end wafte to nothing."

JAMES HOWELL, Esq.

THIS learned writer took up his pen very early in the difputes between Charles and his Parliament. He wrote feveral pamphlets on the fide of the King. In one of them, called " The "Land of Ire," he has this observation:

"Touching the originals of Government and "Ruling Power, questionless the first amongst "mankind was that natural power of the father

over his children, and that defpotical fuperin"tendance of a master of a house over his fa

mily. But the world multiplying to such a mafs of people, they found that a confused equality and a loofe unbridled way of living "like brute animals to be fo inconvenient, that "they chose one perfon to protect and govern, "not fo much out of love to that perfon, as for "their own conveniency and advantage, that "they might live more regularly, and be se"cured

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"cured from rapine and oppreffion; as alfo, "that justice might be administered, and every "one enjoy his own without fear and danger. "Such Governors had a power invested in

them accordingly; alfo to appoint fubfer"vient able Ministers under them, to help to "bear the burden."

Mr. Howell, in his "Italian Prospective,” thus describes the fituation of England during the time of the Republic:

"The King's fubjects," fays he, "are now "become perfect flaves; they have fooled them"felves into a worse flavery than Jew or Greek "under the Ottomans, for they know the bot"tom of their fervitude by paying fo many "Sultaneffes for every head, but here in Eng"land people are now put to endless unknown " tyrannical taxes, besides plundering and accife, "which two words, and the practice of them,

(with ftorming of towns,) they have learnt of "their pure brethren of Holland. And for plun“derings, these Parliamenteer Saints think they may rob that adheres to them as lawfully દ as the Jews did the Egyptians! 'Tis an unfom"mable maffe of money these Reformers have

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fquandered in a few years, whereof they have "often promis'd, and folemnly voted, a public "account to fatisfie the kingdom; but as in a "hundred

"hundred things more, fo in this precious par"ticular they have difpenfed with their votes: "they have confum'd more treasure with pre

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tence to purge one kingdom, than might have "ferved to have purchased two; more (as I am "credibly told) than all the Kings of England "spent of the public stock since the Saxon Con"queft. Thus they have not only* beggared "the whole Ifland, but they have hurl'd it into "the most fearful chaos of confufion that ever poor country was in. They have torn to pieces the reins of all Government, trampled upon all Laws of Heaven and of Earth, and " violated the very dictates of Nature, by forcing "mothers to betray their fons, and the fons "their fathers; but fpecially that Great Char66 ter, which is the Pandect of all the laws "and liberties of the free-born fubject, which 66 at their admiffion into the House of Parliament

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they are folemnly fworn to maintain, is torn to "fritters: befides thefe feveral oaths they forged "themselves, as the Proteftation and the Cove

nant, where they voluntarily fwear to main"tain the King's honour and rights, together "with the establish'd laws of the land. Now I

* A poor woman being asked by one of the Puritanical Leaders, if fhe did not think the Government of her country much better by the fyftem of reform made by his party? her anfwer was, that fhe only perceived one effect from it, which was, that the paid double taxes.

am told, that all Acts of Parliament in Eng❝land are Laws, and they carry that majesty "with them, that no power can fufpend or re

. peal them but the fame power that made them, "which is the King fitting in full Parliament; "but these mongrel Politicians have been fo "notorioufly impudent as to make an inferior "Ordonance of their's to do it, which is point"blank against the fundamentals of the Govern"ment of England and their own oaths; which "makes me think that there never was such a

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pack of perjured wretches upon earth, fuch "monfters of mankind."

Howell feems to have been fo weary of the oppreffion caused by the Republican Government of England, that though a Royalist, and a strong partifan of Charles the Firft, yet in one of his pamphlets he compliments Cromwell upon affuming the title of Protector, and compares him to Charles Martel.:

PRESIDENT BRADSHAW.

VERY little is known of this extraordinary perfon, who by a wonderful concurrence of circumstances prefided at the trial of his Sovereign.

He

He is mentioned, however, occafionally in "Lud"low's Memoirs," as diftinguished for his attachment to a Republican form of Government, and for his deteftation and abhorrence of any attempt to place the government of this country in any one hand whatever.

"In a debate in Parliament, during the Pro"tectorate of Cromwell," fays Ludlow," whe"ther the fupreme legislative power of the nation "fhould be in a fingle perfon, or in the Parlia "ment; in this debate Sir Arthur Haflerig, "Mr. Scott, and many others, particularly the "Lord President Bradshaw, were very inftru"mental in opening the eyes of many young "Members, who had never before heard their "interests fo clearly stated and afferted, fo that "the Commonwealth party increased daily, and "that of the fword loft ground.

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"Soon after Cromwell's death, when the

army had been guilty of violence to the Par❝liament, and whilst one of their Officers of the "Council of State, at which Bradshaw prefided,

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was endeavouring to justify the proceedings of "the army, and was undertaking to prove that they were neceffitated to make ufe of this laft "remedy, by a particular call of the Divine "Providence; Lord Prefident Bradshaw," fays Ludlow,

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