tions as leader of the Opposition. On | Proserpine;" in 1856, "Poems, Miscel the fall of the Coalition Ministry in 1855 the earl declined to undertake the duties of Government, on the ground that the only ministry he could have formed would have been dependent for existence on the forbearance of foes. He again held the seals of office as Premier in 1858-9, during which period he brought in a Reform Bill, which, however, failed in securing general acceptance. When the death of the Duke of Wellington took place in 1852, Lord Derby was elected Chancellor of the University of Oxford. He is also a Knight of the Garter. In the parliamentary session of 1864 Lord Derby was conspicuous for his powerful attacks on the foreign policy of the present government attacks which were especially severe on Earl Russell. But in the main object for which this active hostility was played-that of ousting Lord Palmerston's CabinetLord Derby and his party failed after a close struggle. DERRY, THE RIGHT REV. WILLIAM HIGGIN, D.D., LORD BISHOP OF, is the son of a Lancashire gentleman, and was born in 1793. Having graduated B.A. as thirteenth wrangler at Trinity College, Cambridge, he held the curacy of Clifton, Gloucestershire, but subsequently entered at Trinity College, Dublin, where he took the degrees of M.A. and D.D. He was appointed successively Chaplain of the Richmond General Penitentiary, Dublin, Rector of Roscrea, Vicar-General of Killaloe, and Dean of Limerick, and ultimately consecrated, in 1849, Bishop of Limerick, whence he was translated, in 1853, to the see of Derry. His see is of the annual value of £5,500, and includes the counties of Londonderry, Donegal, and Tyrone, and a small portion of the co. Antrim. DE VERE, AUBREY THOMAS, third son of the late Sir Aubrey de Vere, Bart., of Curragh Chase, co. Limerick, was born in 1814, and educated at the University of Dublin. He published, in 1842, the "Waldenses, and other Foems;" in 1843, the "Search after laneous and Sacred;" and in 1858, "May Carols." In prose, he published "English Misrule and Irish Misdeeds," in 1848; and "Wanderings in Greece and Turkey," in 1850. Mr. De Vere has now (August, 1864) a new poem in the press. DEVONSHIRE, THE DUKE OF, WILLIAM CAVENDISH, K.G., F.R.S., D.C.L., &c., is the grandson of the late earl of Burlington, who was a younger son of the fourth duke of Devonshire. He was born in 1808, and educated at Trinity College, Cam bridge, where he graduated M.A. as second wrangler and Smith's prizeman in 1829. In the same year he was elected M.P. for the University of Cambridge, but losing his election in the following year, was chosen for Malton: he represented North Derbyshire from 1832 till his accession to his grandfather's peerage in 1834. He succeeded his cousin in the dukedom in 1858. His grace was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Derbyshire in 1858, and presided over the Univer sity of London as Chancellor from 1836 to 1856. He succeeded the late Prince Consort as Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. Like his predecessor, the duke is a great patron of the arts and of literature, and has a claim to be recorded here, as the head of one of the great Whig houses with which our history is so intimately mixed up. DEWEY, THE REV. CHESTER, D.D., LL.D., an American divine, was born at Sheffield, Massachusetts, October 25, 1784, and graduated at William's College in 1806. He was licensed to preach in 1808, during which year he officiated at Tyringham, in Western Massachusetts. The same year he became tutor in William's College, a post he exchanged, in 1810, for the chair of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy in the same institution. This office he held for seventeen years. From 1827 to 1836 he was principal of an important boys' school in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, known as the Gymnasium," whence he was trans ferred to the Rochester "Collegiate | two series of lectures for the Lowell Institute," which he left in 1850, to Institute at Boston, which were afterbecome Professor of Chemistry and wards delivered with great éclat in Natural Philosophy in the university the principal cities of the Union, viz., of the same city. Dr. Dewey has, "On the Problem of Human Life and during his long career, delivered more Destiny," and "On the Education of than 4,000 lectures, and as many the Human Race." At this time sermons, and has for some time past (1855) he officiated at Albany and employed his vacations in lecturing Washington, and became finally pasbefore the colleges of Pittsfield and tor of the Unitarian community at Woodstock, Vermont. He has written Church Green, Boston. He has pubfor the State Government several lished some "Letters on Revivals," botanical treatises, and among them some volumes of "Sermons," and has a "History of the Herbaceous Plants contributed largely to the Christian of Massachusetts," and has been a Examiner. His works have been reconstant contributor to the American published in London. Journal of Science and Art. He has been zealous in the amelioration and advancement of public schools, and was foremost in the establishment of the Teachers' Institute, of which he acted for some time as Presi dent. DEWEY, THE REV. ORVILLE, D.D., an American divine, was born at Sheffield, Massachusetts, March 28, 1794; graduated at William's College in 1814; and studied theology at Andover Theological Seminary from 1816 to 1819. His opinions being at first unsettled, he declined permanent employment in his profession, though he took temporary duty at Gloucester, United States. After this he definitely adopted the Unitarian persuasion, and having formed a friendship with Dr. Channing, he became that eminent man's assistant in the pulpit, a situation he filled for two years. In 1823 he accepted the pastorate of the Unitarian church at New Bedford, which he held for ten years. In 1833, his health failing, he visited Europe, publishing on his return the experiences of his travels, in two volumes, under the title of "The Old World and the New." In 1835 he became pastor of the second Unitarian church in New York. In 1842, on his health failing him a second time, he tried a further period of two years' travel as a remedy; but finding himself on his return still in an ailing state, he retired to his paternal farm at Sheffield. Here he prepared the DHULEEP SINGH,* THE MAHARAJAH, was born in 1838, and is the son of the famous Runjeet Singh, the Rajah of the Punjaub. At the death of his father Dhuleep was an infant, and the demoralized state of the regency and army induced the British Ministry to annex the principality to our possessions under certain conditions, among which were that the young maharajah should receive four lacs of rupees per annum, or, in other words, £40,000 sterling. Since this time, which was after the battle of Guzerat, gained by Lord Gough, the maharajah became a Christian, and has resided in England, and become naturalized. His mother, the notorious Ranee, also took up her abode in this country until her death, in 1863, but steadfastly resisted all her son's endeavours to convert her to Christianity. It was at one time supposed that he would be united in matrimony to the Princess Victoria of Coorg, but in 1864 he was married, at the British Consulate at Alexandria, to a young Protestant lady, also a British subject, and has purchased an estate near Thetford, where he has taken up his residence. His DICEY, EDWARD STEPHEN, second son of the late T. E. Dicey, Esq., of Claybrook Hall, Leicestershire, was born about the year 1820. mother is a sister of the late Right Hon. Sir James Stephen. He was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1854. He has contributed to Fraser's and Macmillan's Magazines, and other periodicals, and is the author of "A Memoir of Cavour," and of "Rome in 1860," a work in which he minutely describes, from personal observation, the abuses of the Papal government. He is understood to be a constant contributor to one of the leading daily papers, by which he was sent to Denmark and the Duchies as special correspondent in 1864. DICKENS, CHARLES, the son of Mr. John Dickens, who held a position in the Navy Pay Department, was born at Portsmouth in 1812. At the close of the war his father retired on a pension, and came to London as Parliamentary reporter for one of the daily papers. His son Charles was placed as a clerk in an attorney's office; but a strong literary bias led to his obtaining, soon after, an engagement as a reporter on the staff of the Morning Chronicle, then in the zenith of its fame, under Mr. John Black. The editor, noticing his readiness and versatility, allowed him a theatre for the display of his graphic qualities by inserting in his journal those "Sketches of English Life and Character," which were afterwards reprinted in a collective form, under the title of "Sketches by Boz," in 1836-7. Almost simultaneously with these appeared a comic opera from his pen, entitled "The Village Coquettes." The graphic power of describing the ordinary scenes of common life, more especially in their most ludicrous aspect, did not escape the notice of Messrs. Chapman & Hall, who ac cordingly requested "Boz to write for them a story as a serial in monthly parts, and the result was the publication of the "Posthumous Memoirs of the Pickwick Club." The subject was treated by "Boz" in a manner at once so easy, so graphic, and natural, and with such a flow of genuine humour, that the author found himself raised, almost at a single step, to the highest rank among living novelists. Illustrated at first by the pencil of Seymour, and subsequently by that of Hablot K. Browne, the "Pickwick Papers" found an enormous sale, and the name of the author was avowed to the world in 1838. The great suc cess of "Pickwick" naturally led to a variety of offers being made to Mr. Dickens by the London publishers; and brought about the connection of the author with Mr. Bentley, who engaged his services as editor of his Miscellany, in the second number of which, in Feb., 1837, appeared the first instalment of "Oliver Twist." This story, which was published com plete in three volumes at the close of 1838, lets the reader into some of the secrets of life, as it used too frequently to be found in the parish union workhouses, and in the dark haunts of thievery and villany which form so black a blot upon London and the larger cities in the provinces. Admirably illustrated by the pencil of George Cruikshank, "Oliver Twist" at once became a popular favourite. and it continues still to be regarded as one of the author's happiest productions. Meanwhile "Nicholas Nickleby" appeared in shilling num bers, uniform with "Pickwick," shortly after the completion of that work. "Nickleby" was written to expose in detail the cruelties which were then, and are still, it is to be feared, practised upon orphans and other neglected children of the middle classes at cheap schools, especially in some of the northern counties. Mr. Dickens tells us, in the preface to this book, that these disclosures resulted from a visit of inspection paid by himself to school of the Dotheboys" class in the wolds of Yorkshire. In 1840 Mr. Dickens undertook the production of a story, or rather of a series of stories, in weekly numbers. It was entitled "Master Humphrey's Clock," and contained, amongst other tales, those since republished in a separate form, under the names of "The Old Curiosity Shop," famous for its episode of "Little Nell," so remarkable for its pathos and simplicity; and of " Barnaby Rudge," illustrative of the senseless riots a tale DICKENSON. 245 connected with the name of Lord | varying, however, their monthly apGeorge Gordon, in the year 1780. The pearances with the occasional propen of Mr. Charles Dickens was hence- duction of some stories of a more forth almost incessantly plied. About strictly imaginative cast, called the time of the publication of "Mas-"Christmas Books." Of these the ter Humphrey's Clock," appeared his first, "A Christmas Carol," was "Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi," the published so far back as 1843; the celebrated clown, almost the only second, "The Chimes," appeared at production of his pen which deals Christmas, 1845; the third, "The with the plain prose of facts. Soon Cricket on the Hearth," followed in after the completion of "Master 1846; the fourth, "The Battle of Humphrey's Clock," Mr. Charles Life" (1846); and the fifth, "The Dickens set sail for America, for the Haunted Man and the Ghost's purpose of preparing himself for the Bargain," in 1848. Besides the publication of a work upon men and above, Mr. Dickens has published manners in the New World. Whilst "Dombey and Son" (1847-8), “The there he visited a great part of the History of David Copperfield" (1849United States, and accumulated a 50), "Bleak House" (1853), "Little store of materials, which he gave to Dorritt" (1856); also "A Tale of Two the world on his return to England, Cities; "The Uncommercial Train 1842, under the name of "Ame-veller ; " and "Great Expectations;" rican Notes for General Circulation." which last three were reprinted from Many of the author's statements were All the Year Round. In 1850 Mr. C. much controverted by our Yankee Dickens started Household Words, a cousins, and the book provoked a cheap weekly literary miscellany, reply, under the facetious title of which he conducted for some years; Change for American Notes." In but a quarrel having arisen between 1844 he published "Martin Chuzzle- him and his publishers, he brought it wit" in numbers. In the summer of to a conclusion in 1859, and estathe same year he paid a visit to Italy, blished in its place another, similar in and many of the results of his obser- plan and form, entitled All the Year vations were subsequently given to Round, which he still conducts. A the world in the Daily News. Re- new illustrated serial story from Mr. turning to England in the course of Dickens's pen, entitled "Our Mutual 1845, he suggested the foundation Friend," was commenced May, 1864. of a cheap daily newspaper, which Mr, Dickens has earned a high reehould steadily advocate the spread putation as an amateur actor, and of Liberal politics and secular educa- was one of the founders of the Guild tion at home, whilst abroad it should of Literature and Art, and has likeshow itself the sworn enemy of despo-wise been an active promoter of the tic and arbitrary power. Having Royal Library Fund. organized a large literary staff, and surrounded himself with some of the leading writers of the day, he commenced the Daily News, Jan. 1st, 1846, acting as the editor, and contributing to its columns, as we have already mentioned, his sketches from the South of Europe, under the attractive title of "Pictures of Italy," which were afterwards reproduced in a collective form. After a few months Mr. Dickens withdrew from his editorial post, and returned to his former line of humorous serial publications, DICKENSON, DANIEL STEVENS, born at Goshen, Connecticut, U. S., September 11, 1800; removed with his father to New York in 1806; was educated for a mechanic, but subsequently devoted himself so diligently to the study of the law, as to be admitted to the New York bar in 1823. He assiduously followed the profession thus propitiously opened to him for thirteen years, and rose to considerable eminence in it, when in 1836 he was elected to the State Senate. This brought him promi 246 DICKSON-DINDORF. nently before the public. He took part in all the leading debates of the time, both during his four years' senatoriat as well as while he was Lieutenant-Governor and President of the State Senate, which posts he filled subsequently. He was appointed to the Federal Senate in 1844, and continued a member of it till 1851, during which period he particularly distinguished himself in the debates on the Oregon question, and by his able support of the "compromise measures" of 1850-1. DICKSON, SAMUEL HENRY, an American physician, was born in Charleston, South Carolina, in September, 1798; and graduated at Yale College in 1814. He studied medicine in his native city, where in 1817 he partially practised during the severe visitation of yellow fever in that year. In 1818-19 he attended the medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, where he finally graduated. He was instrumental in the establishment of the Medical College at Charleston, to which, on its organization in 1824, he was appointed as Professor of the Practice of Medicine. This office he resigned in 1832, to resume it again the following year, on the reorganization of the college as the Medical College of South Carolina. In 1847 he succeeded Dr. Revere as Professor of the Practice of Medicine in the University of New York, but was induced, upon earnest solicitation, to return, after a time, to his old post in Charleston. In 1850 he was elected to the same chair in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. Dr. Dickson, besides being a contributor to various medical journals, is the author of "Elements of Medicine," "A Treatise on the Pathology and Practice of Medicine," " Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics," "Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, &c.," "Essays on Slavery," &c. He has also delivered several lectures and speeches on social subjects, and more particularly on the temperance question. DIGBY, KENELM HENRY, youngest son of the Very Rev. Wm. Digby, dean of Clonfert, Ireland, a member of the family represented by Lord Digby, was born in 1800, and edu cated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1823. Soon after that date he became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church, and studied extensively the scholastic system of theology and the antiquities of the middle ages. Inspired by these studies, and thoroughly imbued with the spirit of the ages with which he is so familiar, he has published "The Broad Stone of Honour; or, Rules for the Gentlemen of England, in four books" (1829), "Mores Catholici, or the Ages of Faith," "Compitum, or the Meeting of Ways in the Catholic Church," "Evenings on the Thames,” &c. DILKE, Sir CHARLES WENTWORTH, BART., son of the late Mr. C. W. Dilke, who was principal proprietor and for many years editor of the Atheneum, was born in London, in 1810, and was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. He was one of the earliest promoters of the Great Exhi bition of 1851, and acted as the leading member of the executive commit. tee. When rewards were conferred on various members of that body for their services, Mr. Dilke was offered the honour of knighthood, which be declined. He also refused all pecuni ary reward for his assistance, wishing his public services to be purely honorary. The resuscitation of the Hor ticultural Society of London is under stood to be in great part due to his exertions as one of the vice-presi dents. Among other public move ments with which he is associated, we may mention the second Great Exhibition of 1862, of which he was appointed by her Majesty one of the five royal commissioners. In Jannary, 1862, her Majesty was pleased to confer a baronetcy on him. DINDORF, WILLIAM, a learned German critic, was born at Leipzig, about the year 1802, where he was educated, and where he distinguished himself by his ability and zeal in the study of classical literature. He |