FORSYTH-FORTUNE. the Lunacy Commission; and in 1861 he was made a Commissioner in Lunacy. In 1858 he published his "Biographical and Historical Essays;" in 1859 his "Arrest of the Five Members by Charles the First;" and in 1560 his "Debates on the Grand Remonstrance." Mr. Forster has lately published (1864), in two vols. Svo., "Sir John Eliot, a Biography 1590-1632." 317 Lieutenant of Ireland in 1839-41), by Lady Susan Ryder, daughter of the late earl of Harrowby. He was born in 1818, and educated at Harrow. He entered Parliament in 1841, whilst Viscount Ebrington, as M.P. for Plymouth, which he represented in the Liberal interest until 1852, when he unsuccessfully contested Barnstaple. In December, 1854, he was elected for Marylebone, for which he resigned FORSYTH, WILLIAM, Q.C., was his seat in 1859, and was shortly born about the year 1812. He was afterwards called to the Upper House educated at Trinity College, Cam- in his father's barony of Fortescue. bridge, where he graduated B.A. in He succeeded to the earldom in 1861. 1834, and proceeded M.A. in 1837. His lordship was successively a Lord He was called to the bar at the Inner of the Treasury, 1846-7, and Secretary Temple in 1839, and went the Northern of the Poor-Law Board (1847-51); also Circuit; he became a Queen's Counsel at the same time an active member, and in 1857. He is standing counsel to latterly chairman of several successive the Secretary of State in Council for Metropolitan Commissions of Sewers. India. He is the author of several In May, 1856, while visiting a mililegal works of note, including "The tary hospital, with a view to the History of Trial by Jury" (1852); motion which he carried in 1850, in "Hortensius, or the Duty and Office favour of sanitary reform in the army, of an Advocate" (1849); "On the he caught the ophthalmia which deLaw of Composition with Creditors" prived him of one eye, permanently (1941); "On the Law relating to the impaired the other, and so much Custody of Infants" (1850). He is injured his health as to oblige him also known as the author of "A Life ultimately to retire from the House of Cicero" in 2 vols. 8vo. (1864). of Commons. His lordship has pubFORTESCUE, THE RIGHT HON. lished pamphlets upon "Official SalaCHICHESTER SAMUEL PARKINSON, ries (1852), "Representative Selfyounger son of the late Lieutenant-Government for the Metropolis' Colonel Chichester Fortescue, and (1854), "Parliamentary Reform " brother and heir-presumptive to Lord Clermont, was born in 1823, and was educated at Eton and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. in 1844, taking first-class honours in classics, and obtained the Chancellor's Prize for the English Essay in 1846. the following year he was elected, in the Liberal interest, M.P. for co. Louth, which he has represented ever since. He was an Irish Lord of the Treasury from 1854 to 1855, and has held the post of Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies under Lord Palmerston's Administration since June, 1857. He was sworn a Privy Councillor in 1864. In FORTESCUE, THE RIGHT HON. HUGH FORTESCUE, EARL, is the eldest son of the late earl (who was Lord (1859), and a work on "Public Schools for the Middle Classes" (1864). He married, in 1847, the eldest daughter of the late Right Hon. Col. G. Dawson Damer, by whom he has a young family. FORTUNE, ROBERT, Author and Botanist, was born in Berwickshire about 1813. Sprung from the Border peasantry, and educated on the rough benches of a village school in the Merse, Robert Fortune early exhibited a spirit of perseverance, and, selecting horticulture as his occupa tion, he obtained employment in the Botanical Gardens of the Scottish capital. Having in that position made the most of the opportunities afforded for acquiring knowledge, he was promoted to a post in the Gar don, was born in the year 1787. He is known as the author of "The Grandeur of the Law, or the Legal Peers of England" (1843); and also of "The Judges of England" (in 6 vols. 8vo., 1848-1857). Mr. Foss is a magistrate for Kent and Surrey and for the borough of Dover, in the neighbourhood of which he resides. FOSTER, BIRKET, Artist, the son of the late Mr. Myles Birket Foster, was born at North Shields, Northumberland, in 1812. He was educated at Hitchin, Herts, and having a great love of drawing, at the age of sixteen he was placed with Mr. Landells, the wood-engraver, by whose advice, after he had practised engraving for a short time, he became a draughtsman. At the age of twenty-one he started on his own account, and illustrated several children's books, and drew a great deal for the Пlustrated London News. He illustrated Long. fellow's "Evangeline," Beattie's dens of Chiswick; and in his new | Esq., a solicitor of Essex-street, Lonsphere acquitted himself with so much credit, that in 1842, when news of the peace with the Celestial Empire reached England, the Botanical Society of London appointed him its collector of plants in Northern China. Setting sail in that capacity, Mr. Fortune, besides sending home some of the finest plants that ever reached this country, became familiar with the varieties of Chinese life. His adventures by land and sea were full of romance; and whether feasting with mandarins, enjoying the hospitality of Budhist priests, battling with the swarming natives, fighting singlehanded with the Jaudou pirates, or gaining admission to the city of LooChow in the disguise of a "Chinaman," he seems to have exercised equal energy and sagacity. Mr. Fortune published his "Three Years' Wanderings in China" in 1847. The book attracted much attention, and its author, while enacting the part of curator of the Physic Garden at Chelsea, was, in the summer of 1848, intrusted by the East-India Company with a mission to make investigations respecting the tea-plant. After an absence of more than three years, Mr. Fortune again set foot on the shores of England; but on giving to the public his valuable work, entitled, "Two Visits to the Tea Countries of China," he started forth once more to pursue his adventurous career and prosecute his scientific researches. The results of this last journey are embodied in "Residence among the Chinese, Inland, on the Coast, and at Sea; being the third visit, from 1853 to 1856." In the succeeding year, Mr. Fortune was employed by the United States Patent Office to collect in China the seeds of the teashrub and other plants, a duty which occupied him two years, and which he discharged with considerable success. He has also been a frequent contributor to the Athenaum news Minstrel," Goldsmith's "Poetical Works," and several other works of the same kind; since that date Mr. B. Foster has been employed in most of the better class of illustrated works that have issued from the press, es. pecially a handsome volume devoted to English landscape, with descrip tions from the pen of Professor Tom Taylor, published in 1863. Eventu ally he resolved to follow up a different branch of art, and having been elected a member of the Water-Colour Society in 1860, he has already mes with very great encouragement in his newly-adopted branch of the art. * FOSTER, JOHN G., a MajorGeneral in the United States army, was born in New Hampshire, in 1824. He was educated at West Point, and entered the army as Lieut. of Engineers, July 1, 1846. He served in the Mexican war, distinguishing himself at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and at El Molino del Rey, where he formed one of the storming party, and where he was severely wounded. For these services he was breveted successively First FOULD-FOWKE. Lieutenant and Captain. Having been engaged for a short time on the "Coast Defences," he was appointed, in April, 1854, Assistant-Professor of Engineering at West Point. At the outbreak of the civil war he was stationed in Charleston, and he removed in safety the United States garrison from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, during the night of December 26-27, 1860, and was one of the defenders of the latter post during its bombardment by Beauregard, April 12 and 13, 1861. When the Burnside expedition was organized, Major Foster received the command of a brigade, and in that capacity took part in the victories of Roanoke Island and Newbern. On April 2, 1862, he received the command of the 1st division of Gen. Burnside's army corps, when he redaced Fort Macon, Bogue Island, North Carolina, a work the construction of which he had himself superintended some years before. In May, 1862, he was promoted Major-General of Volunteers, and was placed in command of the department of North Carolina, and of the Eighteenth Army Corps. In December following he fought and won the battle of Kingston, and led the expedition against Goldsborough. In March, 1863, he was besieged by General Hill (whom see), and found himself in a position of considerable peril, from which, however, he extricated himself by boldly running the gauntlet of the enemy's batteries and retreating. He was placed in charge of the united departments of Virginia and North Carolina, July 16, 1863. FOULD, ACHILLE, French statesman and financier, was born in Paris, son of a Jewish banker, 31st October, 1800. He was initiated at an early age into business by his father; but as a student of the fine arts he travelled much in the south of France, Italy, and the East. In 1842 he entered political life, and in the Chamber took part almost solely in the discussions on railways, savings-banks, indigenous sugar, and kindred sub-1 jects. In 1844 he was a member of 319 the commission respecting newspaper FOWKE, FRANCIS, Capt., R.E., was born about the year 1824. He was educated at Woolwich, and obtained | land. He was born about the year his first commission in the Engineers 1798, and entered the army in 1815. in 1842, and attained the rank of captain in 1854. He is chiefly known as the designer of the building used for the International Exhibition of Works of Industry and Art of 1862, and now (1864) in the course of reconstruction in the Alexandra Park, near Muswell Hill. He was at one time Surveyor-General to the Ordnance, and sat in Parlia ment, in the Liberal interest, for Hor sham and Calne, before the Reform Bill, and subsequently for Stroad (1832-3), and for the Tower Hamlets (1841-7). He married a natural daughter of the late King William IV. General Fox has published "Engravings of Un-edited and Rare Greek Coins, with Descriptions" (4to., 185662), mostly from specimens in his own collection, which is particularly rich in the department of Greece. FOX, SIR CHARLES, Civil Engineer, is a son of the late Francis Fox, Esq., of Derby, where he was born in 1810. At an early age he was articled to his brother for the medical profession; but a taste for engineering led him to devote to mechanical science every FRANCATELLI, CHARLES ELXÉ, leisure moment, and the impression of Italian extraction, was born in produced upon his mind by the open- London in 1805, and educated in ing of the Liverpool and Manchester France. Having had the good for Railway induced him to relinquish tune to study under the celebrated medicine and become an engineer. Carème, he took a high view of caliHis first employer was Captain Erics-nary science, and making his art an son. Mr. Fox then struggled on as a lecturer, as a scientific assistant, and occasionally as a practical mechanist. At length he was appointed by Robert Stephenson assistant-engineer to the London and Birmingham Railway Company, at the commencement of the construction of that line. He re honourable profession, he rose to be come successively Chef de Cuisine to the establishments of the earls of Chesterfield and Dudley, Lord Kin naird, and Mr. Rowland Errington. He subsequently managed St. James's Club, better known as Crockford's, whence he removed to the Royal mained with the company until a year Household, where he remained some after the opening of the line, in all years as Maître d'Hôtel and Chief five years, when he joined the late Cook in Ordinary to her Majesty. He Mr. Bramah in establishing the firm next farmed the once flourishing of Bramah, Fox, and Co., which, on Coventry House Club, and for seven the retirement of the precedent part-years held the post of Chef de Cuisine ner, changed its name to the well- to the Reform Club. He has also known one of Fox, Henderson, and Co. been successful as an author, his first His greatest triumph was the con- work being the "Modern Cook," which struction of the vast building for the has gone through twelve editions, Great Exhibition in Hyde Park, in having appeared in 1815-6; and he 1851. The drawings for this edifice published in 1861 "The Cook's Guide occupied Mr. Fox eighteen hours each and Butler's Assistant," besides day for seven weeks; and having "Cookery for the Working Classes," completed his great work, he received" The Royal English and Foreign the honour of knighthood in recognition of his genius and skill. He subsequently constructed the Crystal Palace at Sydenham, and has also executed many extensive railway and other engineering works. FOX, CHARLES RICHARD, Lieut.General, an eminent numismatist, is a natural son of the third Lord Hol Confectionery Book." He is now (1864) manager of the St. James's Hotel, Berkeley-street, Piccadilly. FRANCIS, GEORGE HENRY, was born about the year 1817, and at an early age became connected with the Times, Mirror of Parliament, &c., as a parliamentary reporter; was subse quently sub-editor of the Morning Post, FRANKLIN-FRANZONI. 321 and for many years a regular contri- | home that Sir John Franklin and butor to Fraser; was editor and part his party must have perished as proprietor of the Atlas; editor of the far back as 11th June, 1847, Dublin Daily Express; manager and not, however, before they had atassistant-editor of the Press; and for tained the full knowledge that they several years political, and finally had accomplished the discovery they sole, editor of the Morning Chronicle. were sent to make, namely, of He has published, besides other less the existence of the North-West Pasimportant works, the following:- sage. The country is indebted for its "Opinions of Lord Brougham knowledge of this interesting fact, (1837), "The Maxims and Opinions which might otherwise have remained of the Duke of Wellington" (1845), to this hour in doubt and obscurity, "The Orators of the Age" (1847), to the last expedition sent out by and "Critical Biographies of Mr. B. Lady Franklin. There resulted from Disraeli, Sir Robert Peel, Lord it a vote of the House of Commons of Brougham, Lord Palmerston," &c. £8,000 to the officers and crew of the FRANKLIN, JANE, LADY, daugh- Fox, and £2,000 for a statue of Sir J. ter of John Griffin, Esq., born about Franklin, to be erected in London; the year 1805, became in 1826 the and the Royal Geographical Society, second wife of Sir John Franklin, in testimony of their appreciation and in 1836 accompanied him to Van of Sir John's important geogra Diemen's Land, on his appointment phical services, and of his widow's to the governorship of that colony. persevering efforts to bring them to When nine years later he started on light, conferred on Lady Franklin the his third and last expedition to the honour, and exceptional distinction, Northern Seas, and when serious ap- of their founder's gold medal, at their prehensions were first entertained anniversary meeting in 1860. respecting the fate of the Erebus and FRANKS,* AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON, Terror, Lady Franklin's name became F.S.A., was born about the year familiar to the public. In the spring 1826, and was educated at Trinity of 1848 she offered rewards of two College, Cambridge, where he gradu and three thousand pounds to any ated B.Á. in 1849, and proceeded M.A. persons discovering or affording relief in 1852. He is known as the author to the missing party, or making any of a work on "Ornamental Glazing raordinary exertions with this Quarries," and he has contributed object. A year later she addressed anonymously to periodical literature a moving appeal to the American | on antiquarian and ecclesiastical subpeople, through the President of the jects. He was elected Director of the repablic, for active co-operation in Society of Antiquaries in 1858. the search, which was nobly responded to by Mr. Grinnell on behalf of his Country. In 1850, and in subsequent Fears, Lady Franklin fitted out expeditions (chiefly at her own cost) supmentary to those sent by the government. One of these was the rat Arctic voyage of Lieut. Bellot, se untimely end at a later period, when serving in H.M.S. Phoenix, excited universal commiseration. The results of the latest effort of Lady Franklin in sending out the Fox, under command of Captain (now Sir Leopold) McClintock, in 1857, are well own, full proofs having been brought FRANZONI, LUIGI, an Italian prelate, was born at Genoa in 1790, of noble parents. He imbibed from his father the most decided aversion to liberal opinions. Brought up to the church, he was made bishop, and subsequently elected archbishop of Turin in 1831. In that capacity he strongly supported the absolute system of government adopted by King Charles Albert; and when in 1848 a constitution was granted to the people, he proved one of the most factious opponents of the new public law. His violent opposition to the reforms of the minister Siccardi, which curtailed Y |