658

PETO-PHILLIMORE.

scription of the Abbey Church of Tewkesbury" (1848).

Σ

Devonport, and was born in 18C was apprenticed to a printer; bent of his mind lay in direction, and he made his fi pearance on the stage at Y 1828. His début before a audience was in the charac Shylock, at the Haymarket T under the management of Mr ster. His performance was ably received; nor was his nex in the arduous part of Haml successful. In 1837, when th nagement of Covent Garden 7 was undertaken by Mr. Macrea Phelps was engaged as one

PETO, SIR SAMUEL MORTON, BART., a native of Woking, Surrey, was born in 1809. He served an apprenticeship of seven years with his uncle, Mr. Henry Peto, an extensive builder, and on his death in 1830 he succeeded, when just of age, to a moiety of the large business; his joint-partner being Mr. Thomas Grissell, another nephew of the deceased: Mr. Peto coming at the same time into possession of much property by his uncle's will. The above partnership was dissolved by mutual consent in 1845; Mr. Grissell continuing on his own account the erec-leading performers. In 1851. tion of the Houses of Parliament, public entertainment given the greatest of the many public Macready on his retirement buildings undertaken by the firm. the stage, he pointed to Mr. Among these structures are Hunger- as the most promising if n ford Market, and the Reform and Ox- most accomplished Shakesp ford and Cambridge Clubhouses. He performer of the day. In 18 has since constructed a large portion Phelps appeared in a new part of the leading railway works in Eng- of manager of Sadler's Wells Th land, and has besides been engaged in One of his chief objects was to the formation of a vast railway in the popularity of the legi Canada. Bloomsbury Chapel was drama, then at a very low ebb built for the Baptists' worship at his in this experiment he was comp expense; and the Diorama premises successful-a result partly at in the Regent's Park were purchased able to his own excellent by him and converted into a chapel He subsequently was engage for the same denomination. Among Mr. Fechter at the Lyceum his most important works should be afterwards at Drury Lane Th mentioned his completion of the where he has been the mainst Norwegian Grand Trunk line, and the the management. Mr. Phelp Royal Danish line, in 1854. Upon the also edited an edition of Shakesp opening of the latter, Mr. Peto re- plays. His leading characterist ceived from the hands of the King of an actor both in tragedy and co Denmark the Order of the Dannebrog. are, a scrupulons adherence t Towards the close of 1854, he under- meaning of the author, and a fin took, without prospect of profit, the cution, combined with a careful r construction of a railway from Bala- to the archæological requireme klava, in the Crimea, originated by the mise en scène. the late Duke of Newcastle, then Minister-at-War. In consequence of this disinterested undertaking, he retired from the representation of the city of Norwich, which he had filled since 1847; and in appreciation of these patriotic services received a patent of baronetcy. In 1859 he was elected M.P. for Finsbury. PHELPS, SAMUEL, a popular actor and manager, is a native of

PHILLIMORE, JOHN GE Q.C., eldest son of the late Ja Phillimore, Esq., M.P., D.C.L., & Shiplake House, Oxon, was bor 1809, and educated at Westmin School, whence he proceeded student to Christ Church, Ox and took his degree before he attained the age of twenty. He called to the Bar at Lincoln's In 1832, and since then has been am

PHILLIMORE-PHILLIPS.

ber of the Oxford Circuit; he became
a Q.C. in 1851. In 1850 he was ap-
pointed Reader on Civil Law and
Jurisprudence to the Middle Temple,
and in the following year Reader on
Constitutional Law and Legal History
to the Inns of Court. Mr. Phillimore,
who is a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn, is
the author of several works on law
and politics, including a "Letter to the
Right Hon. J. Wilson Croker, on his
Review of R. Phillimore's Life of Lyt-
telton," and a "Letter from the Ghost
of Sir E. Saunders;" several pam-
phlets on
"Law Reform," "A His-
tory of the Law of Evidence," "An
Introduction to the Study and His-
tory of Roman Law," and "Princi-
ples and Maxims of Jurisprudence."
He also drew up the case in behalf
of Gen. Sir C. J. Napier's claim to
the prize-money refused him by the
E. I. Company, which was awarded to
the General by the Treasury, as cited
in Sir W. Napier's Life of his brother;
and, among other contributions to
periodical works, wrote "An Inquiry
as to the Authorship of Gil Blas,"
which appeared in Blackwood's Maga-
sine, and an essay on the "History of
the Canon Law," which appeared in
the "Oxford Essays." He sat as M.P.
for Leominster, in the Liberal interest,
from 1852 to 1857.

659

Cinque Ports. Sir Robert is known as the author of the "Commentaries on International Law," and other marine legal treatises; he has also published the "Memoirs and Correspondence of George Lord Lyttelton."

PHILLIP,* JOHN, R.A., born about 1810, is a native of Scotland. He pursued his early studies in Edinburgh, and commenced as a portrait painter. He settled in London about 1845, and soon attracted much attention by his pictures of Scottish life, the first of which that brought him prominently into notice being "Presbyterian Catechising," exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1847; it was followed in successive years by "A Scotch Fair," " Baptism in Scotland," "Scotch Washing," the "Spaewife of the Clachan," &c. In 1852 he went to Spain in search of new subjects, and from that period, or rather a year later, commenced that series of Spanish pictures with which his name is now especially identified. The more prominent of these are: "The Spanish Letter-writer-Seville," "Life among the Gipsies-Seville," "The Prisonwindow--Seville" (1857), "Charity -Seville" (1857), "Al Duena," " El Cortejo," " Spanish Contrabandistas," "Youth in Seville," "Daughters of the Alhambra," "Spanish Water-drinkPHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT ers," "A Spanish Wake," "La Gloria," JOSEPH, Q.C., D.C.L., second son of &c. &c. In 1858 he exhibited a fullthe late Joseph Phillimore, Esq., length portrait of H.R.H. the Prince D.C.L., M.P., and younger brother of Consort, painted for the city of Aberthe above, was born in 1810. He was deen, and in 1860 "The Marriage educated at Westminster, and Christ of the Princess Royal "Church, Oxford, of which he was a sion from the Queen. His picture of student, and where he graduated "The House of Commons " (1860), B.A. in 1831, and subsequently pro-was, chiefly on account of its containceeded M.A. and D.C.L. He was admitted an advocate of Doctors' Commons in 1839, and called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1841, and sat as M.P. for Tavistock, as a Liberal Conservative from 1853 till 1857. Dr. Phillimore is a Q.C., and Chancellor of the dioceses of Oxford, Chichester, and Salisbury. He was appointed H.M.'s Advocate-General in 1862, when he received the honour of knighthood. He is also Judge of the

-a commis

ing portraits of most of the leading members and officials, one of the attractions in the exhibition of the Academy in 1863. Mr. Phillip was elected an Associate of the Academy in 1857, and full Academician in 1859. His style of painting is remarkably vigorous and bold, his delineation of character truthful, and his colouring very powerful.

PHILLIPS, JOHN, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., F.G.S., an eminent geologist,

660

PHILLIPS-PICCOLOMINI.

British Museum. The rema collection of MSS., brought tog by his industry, possesses a y wide reputation.

PHILLIPS, SIR THOMAS, Was in 1801, and after practising solicitor at Newport, Monmouth he studied for the bar, to whi was called at Inner Temple in He received the honour of knigh for the service which he ren as Mayor of Newport, toward defeat of a body of Chartists, Mr. John Frost, who organi rebellious movement on that to 1839, when he received sever jury; at the same time the fr of the city of London was pres to him, as well as the thanks of corporate bodies, public mee and a valuable service of plate was made a Q.C. in Feb., 1865.

and nephew of William Smith, | nominated one of the Trustees the father of British geology, was born on 25th December, 1800. Dr. Phillips is the author of several standard works on his favourite science, and as the Secretary to the British Association he has arranged and edited no less than twenty-seven volumes of the Reports of the Transactions of that learned body. Commencing in 1826, he contributed more than forty books and papers to the literature of geology; most of them being the records of original researches. In 1858 and 1859 he was elected to the Presidency of the Geol. Soc. He has been Professor of Geology in three of our Universities, first in King's College, London, next in Trinity College, Dublin, and now at the University of Oxford, where he occupies the chair previously filled by the late Dr. Buckland. Professor Phillips has devoted much attention to several branches of physical science. To meteorology he contributed "Three Years' Observations on Rain" at different heights from the ground, a Pluviometer which regis. ters the direction and inclination of rain, and a method of measuring the velocity of wind by a thermometer He invented a self-discharging electrophorus, and a peculiar maximum thermometer, both now in ordinary use. He took part with General Sabine and others in a magnetic survey of the British Isles, and has lately made special researches on the physical aspect of the sun, moon, and Mars. For a communication on this planet, see the "Proceedings of the Royal Society, 1863."

PHILLIPS, SIR THOMAS, BART., of Middle Hill, Worcestershire, an able and learned antiquary and gene. alogist, is the son of the late Thomas Phillips, Esq., of Middle Hill, and was born in 1792. He was educated

at Rugby, and at University College, Oxford, where he graduated in the usual course. He has published a large number of antiquarian and archæological works. He was created a Baronet in 1821, and in 1861 he was

PHIPPS, THE HON. SIR CH BEAUMONT, K.C.B., the younges of the 1st Earl of Mulgrave born in 1801. He was Lieut of the Scots Fusilier Guards, 1837 to 1847, and made a Colo 1851. He filled the office of S tary to his brother, the first Ma of Normandy, when Govern Jamaica, and steward of his h hold when Lord-Lieut. of land. He was Secretary to Master-General of the Ordnanc a short time; and was appo equerry to the Queen in Au 1846, and private secretary to late Prince Consort in Decembe the same year. He is also keep the Queen's privy purse, and a Li General in the army; he was surer to the late Prince Consort, is now treasurer and cofferer to Prince of Wales.

PICCOLOMINI, MARIA, an nent Italian operatic singer, member of an ancient and r

family in Tuscany, and was bor Sienna in the year 1835. Whilst a child she gave very great prom of vocal powers, and her pare confided her musical education Romani, one of the first teachers

PICKERSGILL-PIERCE.

661

Italy, under whose instruction she | worsted manufactures, was born in London in 1781. At first brought up for commercial pursuits, he was accidentally led to study art, for which he had always a strong turn. An early marriage threw him very much upon his own resources, and having exhibited one or two successful pictures, he found himself elected an A.R.A. when little more than

made her debut at Florence, in 1852,
in the character of "Lucrezia Borgia,"
at the age of little more than sixteen:
in this part she appeared for twenty
successive nights, with immense suc-
cess. She spent four years in a pro-
fessional tour through Italy, and
attracted crowds of admirers at
Florence, Rome, Palermo, and Verona.
At Turin she appeared for the first
time in the "Traviata," in which she
achieved a great success. In 1856
she appeared in that opera before an
English audience, and met with a
most enthusiastic reception. Her suc-
cess in Paris was not quite so great,
though in that city she was much
admired and drew crowded houses.
During the last few years of her stay
here, she sang with great éclat in
the most important cities of the
United Kingdom. Besides the operas
above mentioned, she has appeared
in "Figaro," "The Huguenots,'
," "La
Serva Padrona," "Lucia di Lammer-
moor," "The Bohemian Girl," "Luisa
Miller," "La Figlia del Reggimento,"
and as Zerlina, in Mozart's "Don
Giovanni." In 1861 she married and
retired from professional life.

thirty years of age. He was admitted in 1827 to the full honours of the Academy, of which he is now one of the oldest members. From that date he has constantly exhibited, and his skill and power as yet (1865) can hardly be said to show symptoms of decay.

He is chiefly celebrated for his portraits, and there are few distinguished personages who have not sat to Mr. Pickersgill at one time or another during the last forty years.

PIERCE, FRANKLIN, ex-President of the United States, is the son of Benj. Pierce, brigade-major in the American Army during the revolutionary war, and who held several political offices in the state of New Hampshire. Franklin Pierce was born in the town of Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Nov. 23, 1804, and, after PICKERS GILL, FREDERIC completing his academical studies, RICHARD, R.A., a nephew of H. W. entered Bowdoin College, Maine. On Pickersgill, R.A., is a native of Lon- leaving college he entered the office don, and was born in 1820. He studied of Judge Howe, of Northampton, at the Royal Academy. His princi- Mass., but subsequently returned to pal productions are "The Combat be- his native state, and finished his tween Hercules and Achelous," an studies at Amherst. He was admitted oil painting exhibited in 1840; a to the bar, and commenced practice prize cartoon of "The Death of King in his native town; but before the Lear," exhibited in Westminster Hall end of two years he was elected a in 1813; and the "Burial of Harold," representative in the State Legislaa magnificent picture, for which he ture, and during his second year's received a first-class prize in 1847, service was chosen Speaker. In 1833 and which was immediately purchased he was elected to Congress, and refor the new Houses of Parliament.mained a member of the House of Mr. Pickersgill is a regular exhibitor, Representatives for four years. During and his pictures generally command this period, although a firm supporter many admirers and fetch high prices. of democratic measures, he seldom In 1847 he was elected A.R.A., and distinguished himself as a debater. ten years after promoted to the rank In 1837 he was elected a member of of Academician. the U.S. Senate, but at the end of

five years resigned his seat, intending to devote himself wholly to his pro

PICKERSGILL, HENRY WILLIAM, RA, the son of a gentleman who was' connected with woollen and fession.

He then settled in Concord,