which they expe&ted a speedy establishment of popery, and a general tranfmutation of property."

This sketch, drawn by Mr. Plowden himself, is fufficient to intimate what would have been the horrid fate of the poor Proteftants, not only in Ireland, but likewife in England and Scotland, if King James, after his abdication, had been reinftated in fupreme power over the three kingdoms. God in his infinite mercy prevented it! It is in this part of our Author's hiftorical review of the affairs of Ireland that he appears in the character of an advocate for the Roman Catholic caufe, himself being a member of the Church of Rome, and abandons that of the impartial hiftorian, which he does not refume till the clofe of the dynalty of the Stuarts by the demife of Queen Anne. In juftification of our remarks on the #ate of Ireland at the crifis of the Revolution, the reader is requested to perufe with attention the laboured vindication of the Irish Roman Catholics in taking up arms against King William, and adhering to James to the very lalt. See pages 186-189.

Of the reigns of William and Mary, and of William alone, we cannot expect a very favourable account from the pen of Mr. Plowden. The following paffage requires no comment, it bears the lamp of prejudice on the very face of it, and in a few words exhibits the complexion of the whole Chapter: "The Revolution of 1688 opens to our view a new fcene of Irith politics. Whatever civil advantages were gained or established at that epoch in England, vainly do the Irish look up to it, as the æra of their commencement or improvement of conflitutional liberty. Then, more than ever, was Ireland treated as a conquered people, its independence violated, its national coniequence and dignity debafed. It appears to have been the fyftematic policy of the British Cabinet of that day, not only to trample on the rights of individuals, through their immediate Governors; but to extinguish the very idea of an indeperdent Legislature in Ireland." Let the whole of this paffage be compared with the review of the ftate of Ireland under Elizabeth, particularly whilft her favourite Earl of Effex was Lord Deputy.

We mult likewife remember, that the claim of the independence of 1 land on England is constantly and

vehemently afferted in the reigns of Elizabeth and William III, but no mention is made of fuch independence in the reign of Mary I., a Roman Catholic Sovereign, or of James II., prior to the Revolution. That all the penal laws against the Papifts in general throughout the King's dominions were rigorously enforced by William III., cannot be denied: but it is equally true, that the conduct of the Roman Catholics in Ireland towards that Prince gave too much caufe for feverity. The modern political axioms, which of late years have fuperfeded general rules of policy, viz. political neceffity and exifting circumftances, applied to that epoch, will juftify the policy of the British Cabinet of that day, particularly with refpect to the Act of the English Parliament in 1691, excluding the Roman Catholics of Ireland (as well as of England) from feats in either Houfe of Par liament. Mr. Plowden afferts, that the rights of Ireland were totally loft in the heat of the conteft in the English Parliament between the court and the country party.

Our Author clofes his account of William's reign, with remarking, in a note, "that two principal caufes concurred against his being beloved by the generality of his Irish subjects; the first was, the enactment of feveral penal laws against the Roman Catholics; the fecond was, his ready cooperation with the Parliament of England to ruin the woollen trade of Ireland. I fhall, faid his Majefty to the English Commons on the 22d of July 1698, do all that lies in me to difcou rage the woolien manufacture in Ireland. The inference from this part of the fpeech is by no means candid: it is well known, that the woollen manufacture of England is its ftaple commo dity, as well for home confumption as for exportation; to encourage it, therefore, and fecure the preference against a rival manufacture in another kingdom, has been the policy of every commercial nation; but the Act of the English Parliament for that purpose could not be conftrued into an intention to ruin the internal woollen trade of Ireland.

Of the reign of Queen Anne our Author complains molt bitterly. "The Irish nation was doomed to fuffer un der every stuart; and the ingratitude of this Monarch to them may have contributed not flightly to prevent them

I.

from

from relapfing into their former attachment to that family, when other parts of the British empire rofe in rebellion in their fupport."-It may be afked, What other parts? fince Scotland alone broke forth into rebellion after the acceffion of the Houfe of Hanover.

The further pains and penalties to which the Irish were fubjected under Queen Anne for profeffing the Roman Catholic religion, "by that act of refined and ingenious rigour, for preventing the further growth of popery,' excites his warmeft indignation. In fhort, during this whole reign the penal laws were executed with unabating feverity upon the Irish Catholics; and it was then a fundamental maxim, that Roman Catholics could never coalefce with Proteftants of any denomination, even in the civil duties of allegiance to a common Sovereign: they were confidered as avowed and common enemies of the ftate." Here follows a jutt and

The Antigallican; or, Standard of British Loyalty, Religion, and Liberty: Includ ing a Collection of the principal Papers, Tracts, Speeches, Poems, and Songs, that have been published on the threatened Invasion: together with many original Pieces on the fame Subject. 8vo. pp. 496. THIS publication contains twelve numbers of a periodical work, the contents of which are fufficiently defcribed in the title-page. 'It does honour to the fpirit, the loyalty, and the patriotifm of the nation at the prefent important crius, and will hand down to pofterity a lively and animated picture of the people who now enjoy the bleffings of the British Conftitution. Far from treating the threats of the enemy with contempt, the Editor, in a well-timed addrefs, warns his countrymen to beware of a dangerous and fatal fecurity. "Once more," he concludes, "Britons, permit us to affert, that the danger is imminent! Your courage wants not animation; but the idea of the folly of an invasion of this country, which too many entertain, must not be fuffered to paralize your efforts, and render that courage nugatory. WE MUST PREPARE FOR THE WORST. YOUR FOE, who never yet fhrunk from a merciless deed, has told you, that army after army will be found for the enter prize. Let us remember, that thefe

noble fentiment, to which we heartily fubfcribe." There is a principle of liberality and wildom in concentrating the interets of a great people in a common focus, (and fuch has produced the late Union,) which is the loudelt condemnation of that falfe, bafe, and wicked policy, that pervaded the Irish government under Queen Anne.

From the accellion of the Houfe of Hanover, Mr. Plowden dates a relaxation of the rigour of the laws against the Irish Roman Catholics; with pleafure, therefore, we fhall enter upon that part of his hiftorical review; as it approaches nearer to our own time, it becomes more important to the prefent generation, and muft prove of fingular utility to the Members of the Imperial Parliament, now happily united in one common caufe, to promote and fecure the welfare and profperity of every department of the British empire. M. (To be concluded in our next.)

armies are enured to warfare, and must be oppofed by difcipline. It is not the mere register of names that can make SOLDIERS. We must be practifed in the ule of arms;

we must learn to

march; to fuitain privation and fatigue, to act in concert; to oppofe an unfhaken firmnels to the extreme of danger; and fo ta embody ourselves (if the expreffion may be allowed) with the threatened fate of our country, that every other idea may be abforbed in a determined refolution to DIE or CONQUER."

A Sermon preached on the laft Faft-Day, Wednesday, October 19, 1803, at the Pari-Church of Hatton, Warwickshire. By Samuel Parr, LL.D. 4to. pp. 32.

The celebrity of the Author of this Sermon, independent of the merit of the compofition, will make this performance an object of attention. From 1 Maccabees, ch. iii. v. 21. the Preacher takes occafion to difcufs the following propofitions: that to love our country ardently is an amiable quality; that to promote the interest of it diligently is a meritorious fervice; and that to die in the defence of it, is a noble inftance of magnanimity. In the course of these difquifitions, he explains the nature and extent of patriotism, and maintains, against the well-known pofitions

of

of Lord Shaftesbury and Mr. Soame Jenyns, that the principle of patriotifm is warranted by the authority of the Gofpel. After many important obfervations, expreffed with great force and energy, he concludes, "In pu fuit of ends fo juftifiable, by means to meritorious, you may, without impiety, look up for fuccour to Almighty God! and whether ye perifh in the huggle, or whether ye furvive it, the approbation of that GOD will be the fure and molt ample reward of your loyalty, your patriotifm, and your fortitude, co-operating with your benevolence."

The Judge; or, An Eftimate of the Importance of the judicial Character: Occa honed by the Death of the late Lord Clare, Lord Chancellor of Ireland. A Poem, in Three Cantos. By the Rev. Jerome Alley. 8vo. pp. 129.

The talents and virtues of Lord Clare; his fagacity on the bench of juftice; the uprightness of his decihons; his firmness when oppofed by

faction; and the mildness of his do meftic habits; all concur to render his death a fubject of national lamenta tion. His character demanded a tribute from the Mufe, and it has here found it. What is the importance, and what should be the virtues and acquire ments of the judicial character, are here difcuffed; and though the Author has not been fparing in his praife of the deceafed Lawyer, yet to thofe who had the opportunity of obferving the conduct of that great man, the eulogium will not be confidered either as extravagant or undeserved.

The Subftance of a Speech intended to have been fpoken in the House of Lords, November 22, 183, by R. Watson, Lord Bishop of Landoff. 8vo. pp. 46.

The critical fituation of public affairs has again called forth this Right Reverend Author to ftate his opinion of the measures proper to be pursued at the prefent important juncture. His efforts on this occafion are fuch as might be expected from the union of patriotim and loyalty, and are calculated to invigorate the feeble, to alarm the careless, to encourage the defponding, and to afford new motives of action to the body of an infulted and high-fpirited nation, threatened with deftruction by a malevolent and implacable adverfary.

Two plans have particularly engaged the attention of his Lordship, viz. the complete arming of the people, and the extinction of the national debt, both which he confiders as practicable; and the general tenor of the intended prech is tuch as to claim the attention of every well-wither to the profperity of the country.

A complete Analyfis of the German Language; or, A pilological and grammatical View of its Contruction, Analogies, and various Properties. By Dr. Renier, 8vo. pp. 352.

The uncommon popularity of German literature in England has already induced feveral perfons to prefent to the public elementary works to facili tate the acquifition of the German ianguage. The greater part of thefe, the prefent Compiler infinuates, "have not unfrequently been the offspring of neceflity; a circumftance which, while it accounts for their defects, certainly

ter guide was therefore neceffary; and this Dr. Render prefumes he has produced in the work before us, the unremitted labour, refearch, and progreffive improvement of eight years, with, however, a strong conviction of libility of human exertion. The per

offers no extenuation of them." A bet.

the arduoufnels of the talk and the fal

formance before us appears to be entitled to a decided preference over any competitor, and will, we think, be found ufeful to the learner. Prefixed is a differtation on language in gene ral, and principally on the study of the modern German, in which the igno rance and blunders of the translators of the German Dramatilts are detected and expofed.

English Grammar adapted to the different

Claffes of Learners. With an Appendix.
By Lindley Murray. 12mo. 8th Edi-