1

THE

LONDON ENCYCLOPÆDIA.

VOL. IX.

F TO GARTER.

J. Haddon, Printer, Castle Street, London.

SCIENCE, ART, LITERATURE, AND PRACTICAL MECHANICS,

COMPRISING A

POPULAR VIEW OF THE PRESENT STATE OF KNOWLEDGE.

ILLUSTRATED BY

NUMEROUS ENGRAVINGS, A GENERAL ATLAS,

AND APPROPRIATE DIAGRAMS.

Sle oportet ad librum, presertim miscellanel generis, legendum accedere lectorem, ut solet ad convivium conviva civilis.
Convivator annititur omnibus satisfacere; et tamen si quid apponitur, quod hujus aut illius palato non respondeat, et hic et ille
urbane dissimulant, et alla fercula probant, ne quid contristent convivatorem.

Erasmus.

A reader should sit down to a book, especially of the miscellaneous kind, as a well-behaved visitor does to a banquet. The
master of the feast exerts himself to satisfy his guests; but if, after all his care and pains, something should appear on the table
that does not suit this or that person's taste, they politely pass it over without notice, and commend other dishes, that they may not
distress a kind host.
Translation.

BY THE ORIGINAL EDITOR OF THE ENCYCLOPEDIA METROPOLITANA,

ASSISTED BY EMINENT PROFESSIONAL AND OTHER GENTLEMEN,

IN TWENTY-TWO VOLUMES.

VOL. IX.

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THOMAS TEGG, 73, CHEAPSIDE;

SOLD BY N. HAILES, PICCADILLY; E. WILSON, ROYAL EXCHANGE; J. MASON, CITY ROAD;

BOWDERY & KERBY, OXFORD STREET:

GRIFFIN & CO. GLASGOW: J. CUMMING, DUBLIN: M. BAUDRY, PARIS: F. FLEISCHER, LEIPSIC :

AND WHIPPLE & LAWRENCE, SALEM, NORTH AMERICA.

1829.