frozen Lapland, rude and churlish Finland, unprincipled Russia, and the wide spreading regions of the wandering l'artar, if hungry, wet, dry, cold, or sick, the women have ever been friendly to me. FOREIGN. Translated for the Baltimore Patriot. The most excellen, the commission of government of the state: Whereas, under date of the 9th instant, the most excellent, the director, has communicated the very important resolution, following, to wit: memorable an event, the government makes known MINGUEL DE IRIGOYEN, MANUEL OBLIGADO, Secretary to the Comm, of Gov't. From a late London Paper. CHRISTOPHE, KING OF HAYTI. The following interesting particulars respecting this extraordinary character, are supplied by a gentleman who was in St. Domingo: The sovereign Congress of the United Provinses of Rio de la Plata, has this day declared this part of South America, independent of the domination of the king of Spain and its metropolis, by the following august resolution:-"The august tribunal of the nation has this day sanctioned by the unanimous acclamation of all the representatives of the United Provinces, in Congress assemHis person is the elegant model of an Hercules. bied, the independence of the country from the In battle he is brave to desperation; his courage domination of the kings of Spain and its metro-rising with danger. He has been seen in the heat polis. This important news is communicated to your excellency for your information and satisfaction, and to be published in all the provinces and towns of the union. In Congress at Tucuman, the 9th of July, 1816." Francisco Narciso de Laprida, Pres't. I communicate it to your excellency that you may cause this happy event to be solemnly published and celebrated, and that you may transmit your orders to that effect, to all the towns and authorities of that province. God preserve your excellency for many years. Tucuman, July 9, 1816. JUAN MARTIN DE PUEYRREDON. SILVESTER ICAZATE, Sec'y. To the Most Excellent, the Director ad interim, Buenos Ayres. of an engagement, animated with the fury of a tiger, raging and foaming through all his ranks: He is revengeful beyond measure. He had a regiment commanded by a colored man, which went over to Petion. The moment he was apprised of the circumstance, he ordered a massacre of all the colored women in his dominions, and not even to waste powder on them. I was shown several places where numbers of those unfortunate females were butchered; and many were hid tnere ticulars of their escape from the lips of 2 or three. by relatives till the fury abated, and I had the parThey still live in great dread; and some, who are even wealthy, would gladly abandon all, and go hate, but never name. any where to get out of his power, whom they He is extravagant in his. notions of grandeur, and proud as Lucifer himself; severe as a tyrant towards those of his own color, and who are his subjects, at the same time rigidly enforcing the laws, and protecting stran gers who respect them. In no country in Europe. are duties and customs so rigidly exacted, or ilNow therefore, and in the effusion of the most licit trade so completely prevented. Add to this, perfoot joy, at an event longed for by every Ame- that I travelled in the interior of the country,, rican breast, since the Provinces wearied with where not a white face is to be seen, with as much wearing for three centuries the chains of Penin-security as I could have done in any part of Great sular oppression, resolved to break them, oblite-Britain. This is not to be done without a passport rating by the most heroic actions, the remembrance of their past humiliation, the government joins with a common accord in communicating the foregoing without a moment's delay to the worthy citizens of this capital, by means of the present bulletin which shall be published in the most solemn manner, and copies of it posted in all the most public places of the city and suburbs. And as this day, a bitter one for tyrants, like in some degree unto that on which Cortez burnt his ships, with the magnanimous resolution to leave to his companions no alternative but victory, will excite demonstrations of the purest joy on the part of the eitizens, exalted at last to the glory of belonging to a free state, the lateness of the present moment not admitting of an immediate display of all the pomp due to the celebration of the majesty of soll try. signed by himself. No stranger is permitted to go an hundred yards beyond the barriers of the Cape without permission. I do not think, how. ever, that his government will be of long duration. He is so much the tyrant, that he must have many enemies among his seeming friends; besides, being himself an usurper, and engrossing all the riches of the country, and applying them often foolishly and without advice, will naturally inspire those about him with notions dangerous to his safety. His personal character is so well known, that none will attempt any thing against him till they are sure to have him. At all events, I con ceive that Petion must eventually overcome him. His character is so opposite to Christophe's in all that is good, that his success will save the coun huddle up in the one corner of it, may have cut the throats of the former owners. The houses or the few English and American residents are ex ST. DOMINGO OR HAYTI. The following particulars respecting this Island are taken from a letter, dated the 16th of June, 1816.ceptions to this, as are also the few occupied by "When a vessel arrives in the harbor of Cape the nobility. These have been completely reHenry, no person is permitted to land until the paired, and just serve to show how splendid a ship has been visited by a boat from the shore place it must have been when all the others were Shortly after our coming to anchor, therefore, the in the same state. The same description will apvisiting boat came off to us, with a military officer, ply to the country. I had an opportunity of tra an interpreter, &c.-Their appearance was by novelling from Gonaives across the Cape, a distance means prepossessing; their dress consisted of of 60 or 70 miles. On every side I could see the white checked trowsers, with boots above them, ruins of fine houses and plantations: and, from a long blue coat, faced with red, and out at the|| the appearance of the country, I have little elbows, with a huge cocked hat, with a red fea- doubt but the assertion of the French is correct, ther, at least two feet long, and a dragoon sabre that their possessions in St. Domingo were once by their side, gave to their black faces a very for- worth all the colonies in the West-Indies." I had midable appearance. They were, however, very no opportunity of seeing Christophe, which I was polite, inquired the news from Europe, swallow sorry for; for he kept himself so aloof from the ed cheese, ham, &c. by the lump, washing all Cape, that I might have continued there thret down with wine, gin and porter; they then con- months without his being once in it; and even ducted the captain and all the passengers to the then perhaps not visible." Governor the Duke de Marbalade, a black man, about 60 years of age, a native of Africa, mild in his manners, and exceedingly well liked both by natives and by foreigners. He merely inquired our names and business, took all our letters, papers, &c. in order to have them translated for his majesty, and then ordered us to wait on Baron Dupuy, a man of color, about 50, private secretary to the King, and reckoned a second Talleyrand. He certainly is a man of address. I was afterwards introduced to Prince John, the King's son, who is a good young man, but has no abilities. I was, however, much pleased with him, and re.ceived many kindnesses from him. Foom the Dublin Evening Post. ATTEMPTS TO PREVENT EMIGRATION. The magistrates pertinaceously continue to minister the inquisitorial oaths to persons interd ing to emigrate to America, although it has be demonstrated in the foregoing numbers of the Dublin Evening Post, that there does not exist in Ireland any law which could authorize such a practice. The practice is not defended by the production of any law; but even if the inquisito rial oaths were not illegal, the abuses incident to such a species of investigation, ought to be suffi "On one who has seen negroes and colored cient to cause its discontinuance. Surely the com people only in the degraded situation in which || duct of that magistrate, who recently swore an inthey are in the colonies, it has a singular effect fant about ten years of age against her father, will when he goes among them, where they only have not escape the reprehension of government. 1st, command and control; and, although from my Because the oath was not supported by any known short residence in this quarter of the world, and law-and 2dly, Because the oath was repugnant to from my general feelings towards them, as a peo-humanity, inasmuch as every mind must be shockple who are and have been cruelly and unjustifia-ed at the sight of a child being forced to criminate a bly ill used, still I felt something like an ill-na-parent! The present lord lieutenant of Ireland tured contempt for their assuming an authority will not fail to express his abhorrence at an act s over me. The desolation which surrounds you in cruel and so demoralizing. the town of Cape Henry, serves to keep alive this feeling, and is, on first landing, perhaps the most || impressive scene I ever witnessed. It formerly contained 60 or 70,000 inhabitants, built upon a plain, in the most regular order, all the streets in tersecting each other at right angles, and running in strait lines east and west and north and south.The buildings have been uniformly elegant. Picture to yourself such a place-the houses com. pletely sacked, and only the outward walls and balconies remaining-trees and shrubs growing within and upon the walls-and grass growing His family, consisting of a wife and two daugh upon the streets-and you have something almost|ters, were on board the Anne, an American vessel, as melancholy as the appearance of Cape Henry.which was preparing to sail for New-York; but "To complete the picture, however, you must the magistrate, suspecting Mr. Molyneaux to be conceive a climate uniformly serene, a kind of an artificer, began to interrogate the child, whoà splendor in the bright blazing sun, and the lively only ten years old, respecting her father's ordinary verdure all around, and something so impressive-occupation. The child hesitated, and immediately sad in the appearance of the partial occupation ly the magistrate thrust a book into her hand, deof the ruined houses, which here and there con- siring her to repeat, after him, the usual form of tain a family of blacks or mulattoes, that words an oath.-Mr. Mark Lalor, an eminent ship brocannot convey any adequate description of the ker, was greatly shocked at the transaction, and scene. You are continually reminded that other indignantly remonstrated with the magistrate, dethan those you now see in a corner of what has siring him, if there were any law for administer. been a princely mansion, raised it and dwelt in it;ing such an oath to examine the wife of Mr. Molyand, for aught you can tell, the very persons who neaux, or the other daughter, who was an adult, The facts are few. A Mr. Molyneux, an ingenious and industrious man, had fallen a victim, like many other persons, to the calamities of the times, and as he could not support his family in this country, he determined to emigrate to Ame rica, where there are neither pensionc is not place men-where there is neither a standing army of one hundred and fifty thousand men, nor a national debt of one hundred millions sterling-but where the greatest encouragement is given to industry and talents. and who could feel the awful nature of the obgligation. Such an appeal to sound reason and common humanity was ineffectual; for the magistrates, disregarding the advice, examined the infant, on oath, against her father. most even with the water, which they properly call marine fortifications. Whether these works of defence or offence, have given rise to suspicion in Fort George, we cannot pretend to determine; but we are credibly informed that the British The child, thus sworn, said her father was a commandant has lately become very particular watchmaker—and immediately a certain contract- about the spot where every boat is to land, and or for government wherries, who alleges that he has prohibited British citizens from amusing had been appointed to examine passengers on themselves at shooting or fishing on certain parts board of vessels bound for American ports, de-of the common beach, which had always in times clared that Mr. Molyneux and his family would of peace been as free to them as the air they breathnot be permitted to emigrate. Mr. Molyneux, how-ed. In consequence of this order of the commanever, contrived, shortly afterwards to secrete him- dant, Thomas Racey, Esq. and a son of the honorself in the vessel without the knowledge of the able Wm. Dickson, have been put into confinemaster of it, and consequently sailed with thement, for amusing themselves on the sacred ground rest of the passengers. The vessel was brought of the public in a time of profound peace! We soon back by the "Resolution," a revenue cutter, and expect further particulars respecting this disaa report instantly prevailed that the circumstance greeable occurrence. Ibid. was caused by an order from the government, when they heard that Mr. Molyneux had left the country. The Weather-For a week past has been very dry, accompanied with thick fog; the nights and That is not the fact. The American vessel was mornings cold.-For several mornings the ice has brought back because the master had not compli-been of considerable thickness on the pools. ed with the regulations of the 43d and 53d of the King, which require that a surgeon shall be engaged for the voyage, whenever the number of passengers shall exceed 50 persons: and which also require, that there shall be five tons, by measurement, for every passenger. Those acts had not been strictly complied with by the master of the American vessel, inasmuch as he had three passengers on board over the limited number. We shall now only add, that Mr. Molyneux never was indented, nor did he ever serve his time to any trade whatever. [The Anne, spoken of above, has arrived at New-York, and is not an American, but a British vessel.] SPANISH HOSTILITY. Ibid. A small speck appears in the south, portentious of a war with the Dons, at least if the accounts which have been received from New-Orleans may be relied on. In a letter received in this city on Monday last, from col. Jessup, the commanding officer at New-Orleans, it is stated that the U. S. schooner Firebrand, commanded by lieut. Cunningham, was captured by a Spanish squadron off the coast of Mexico, some time since that lieut. Cunningham had been put on board of a merchant vessel, and had arrived at New-Orleans. Col. Jessup has not given any reasons for this hostile attack, alleged by the Spaniards, nor particulars of the capture. In a New-Orleans paper of the 12th September, we have the following paragraph: Under the Wind-Mill Point, there is now building a floating manufactory, or in other words, a House for a Fulling and Carding Machine. This The Spaniards have at last committed an outbuilding is about 28 feet square, forming two res rage upon the United States which leaves us no pectable and separate apartments; the one for a alternative between immediate and ample redress family to live in, the other for business. The and disgrace. The U. S. schooner Firebrand, of building is supported by two scows, or boats so- six guns and 35 men, commanded by lieut. Cunlidly built, about 4 feet apart. In the interval, aningham, has been fired upon without provocalarge water-wheel will be fixed to propel the machinery The proprietor, early in the spring, intends anchoring in the middle of the strongest ciment of the St Lawrence, where the machinery will be set in motion, and his family all lodged in comfort, on the watery expanse; thus saving the|| expense of purchasing a dear building lot. In the winter, the building will be removed to a place of safety, where it will answer as an excellent TaMontreal Herald, Sept. 28. vern. tion, by three Spanish corvettes, whereby an Ame rican seaman was killed. We have not been able to learn in what part of the Gulf of Mexico the Dons found an opportunity of thus signalizing their valor, but it is certain that though the Firebrand had the American colors flying, she escaped actual destruction only by superior sailing. By a gentleman from the Balize, we learn, says a New-Orleans paper of the 11th September, that the U. S. schooner Firebrand, mounting 9 guns, and commanded by lieut. Cunningham, while off We understand upwards of 10,000 dollars have the Balize, a few days since, was fired on by a Spabeen seized in the American Steam-Boat at St.nish sloop of war (another vessel of war in comJohns, destined for the New-York market, in vio-pany) and one of the crew of the Firebrand killed. lation of a Provincial statute. The money, it is Lieut. Cunningham immediately returned the fire, said, belonged to several persons in this town. and the Spaniards made off. We understand an insidious attempt was made to retake it by means of bribery, &c. Ibid. It was announced some time since, that a small squadron was fitting out at the Havana, to go against the Carthagenian privateers cruizing off The Americans are busily employed in render- that port and in the Gulf. The captain general of ing Niagara one of the strongest fortresses in the Cuba being furnished with the means by the merUnited States. On the land side they are extend-chants of Havana, had purchased for that object ing the works by strong redoubts: and on the ri- three former American privateers, namely, the ver they are constructing shelving batteries al- l ship Young Wasp, of 500 tons, and pierced for 22 sels. guns; the brig Reindeer, of 385 tons, and pierced for 20 guns; and the schooner Chasseur, 275 tons, and 18 ports; all remarkably fine fast sailing ves. These were to be joined by an old fashioned Spanish sloop of war and a brig, then in that port, and probably sailed about the middle of August. night, and hurried on board of a vessel, loaded with irons, and set sail for some place unknown. Apprehensions are entertained that all the patriots will share similar fates.-In France, mock trials, and condemnations continue. Among the number we notice Gen. Drouet d' Erlon and the elder Gen. Lallemand: the younger will be tried It is likely one of this squadron that has so next-all of whom, ft is said, are in Americ grossly outraged the nation, by firing on its flag, Accounts from Buenos Ayres have been received and shedding the blood of our gallant seamen in in Boston to the 14th of July; which represent their own waters. This we trust will be the last the public mind to be much agitated. The Poron the long list of our grievances from the miser-tuguese have joined the royal party, and had acable bigots who govern Spain; their shameful tually arrived in the river with a strong naval and conduct at Valparaiso, at Fayal, at the two Car-military force.. thagenas, at Cadiz, and in many other places, and on numerous occasions will ere long receive the chastisement it so justly merits from our brave sailors and soldiers. That some violence between the Spaniards and an American vessel has taken place, we presume there can be little doubt; but of the character of the act, we are as yet, unable to determine. If it should prove to be a hostile attack, authorized or sanctioned by the Spanish government, or if reparation should be withheld, we think but one opinion will prevail in this nation, as to the proper course to be pursued by the government, and that the voice of the people and the constituted authorities of the country will be in unison, there can be as little doubt. If the Dons are desirous of a war with the United States, there are many here who are anxious to see them gratified. This country has nothing to fear from the Spanish nation alone; she does not possess the power of injuring us in any thing of moment; whilst we have the means, if they should be exerted to that end, to destroy her commerce, and effect a speedy emancipation of her provinces (as she pleases to term them) in South America. It she provokes a war with the United States, she will thereby produce an effect which she might arrive at by a much shorter and a more praise-worthy route. We mean, by magnanimously relinquishing her claims upon the South Americans, and thereby obtain the credit of voluntarily presenting them with their independence, and thus make a virtue of necessity. Since our last, no news of importance has reach ed us from Europe. Some details of the "dull pursuits of civil life" in that country might be given; but as they could not interest our readers, we shall omit them.-In England the distresses continue among the labouring classes of society The reduction of the interest of the public debt forms a topic for conversation. The revenue is said to be less than the interest of their national debt.-In Spain the old patriots receive but little lenity under the adored Ferdinand. The Cortes and others who were confined at Ceuta, have been taken from their beds by violence, in the dead of DOMESTIC. On the 1st inst. a report was set afloat at Newburyport, that a British armed force had arrived at Eastport, and had seized American property of every description. It will be recollected, that Eastport was taken possession of by the English during the late war, and is now held by them under the stipulations in the treaty of Ghent. A new collector has lately been appointed in 8. The former collector, it is said, was remiss in his Andrews' district, in which Eastport is included: duty, and that the new one had ordered all the property to be seized at Eastport which he s pected had been imported contrary to law-hence the rumour of American property having been seized. The English papers mention the entire loss of the Abeans, on the German coast, soon after leav ing Hamburg for Boston. Fears are entertained that a large part of the new library, purchased for Mr. Jefferson in Paris and Germany, were on board, as well as many invaluable literary works selected for professor Eevered for the Cambridge University. Capt. Thompson, of the ship Robert, arrived “ at New York, on the 5th inst. from Cadiz, and is said to be the bearer of despatches from Mr. Erving, our ambassador at the court of Madrid, to the Secretary of State. The President of the United States and family arrived in this city on Wednesday last, in good health. The Secretary of State returned, on Tuesday, from a visit to Virginia. THE TREASURY. We have understood from very respectable au thority, that a Secretary of the Treasury has been appointed in the place of Mr. Dallas, re. signed, and that it is expected he will enter on the duties of his office in a few days. We have not heard positively who the gentleman is, but it is rumoured that the Hon. Wm. H. Crawford, from the war department, has had the offer: and as the Treasury is the most important office at this time under the government, and ranks in honour next to the department of state, we can see no reason why he should not accept it. Mr. Crawford is a gentleman of talents, possesses much energy and decision of mind, and has hitherto manifested much zeal and attention in the discharge of hit official duties. NO. 8. VOL. II.] WASHINGTON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 19, 1816. [WHOLE NO. 34. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY JOEL K. MEAD, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM. MINES OF SOUTH-AMERICA. Agreeably to our promise we shall now give a short sketch of the Mines of South America and their produce. It is the opinion of Humbold that the world lies under a mistake in relation to these Annual expense 7.4,500,000 show the superiority of the American to the EuWe give the following comparative table to ropean mines: AMERICA EUROPE. Mine of Valen- Mine of HimCommon year ciana, the rich-melsfurst, the est mine in Mex richest mine in ico. Saxony. Metallic produce, 360,000 mares silver. 10,000 mares silver. 240,000 liv tourmois. 90,000 liv. 700 niners, of whom 580 are in the interior. mines, and that the belief that great masses of native silver are extremely common in Mexico, is unfounded. The veins of Norway, Saxony and Siberia yield masses of silver much more considerable. Silver under all climates, is sometimes found concentrated in one point, and sometimes disseminated in gangue, and allied to other me. tals. This arises from some chemical affinity with the mode of action and laws, of which we are still unacquainted. This metal, however, though not so abundant in blocks as in the old world; is found more plentifully in a state of perfect purity in Mr. Humbold divides the mines of New Spain Mexico and Peru than in any other quarter of the into 8 groups, which he says occupy a surface of globe. The medium amount is from 3 to 4 ounces 12,000 square leagues. He thinks the quantity of silver to one quintal of ore. M. Garcis says of silver annually taken from the mines of Mexico that the great mass of Mexican ore is so poor, is 7 times as great as that of all the mines of Euthat the 3 millions of marcs of silver which the rope together; but the gold is not more abundant kingdom yields in good years, are extracted from than in Hungary and Transylvania. The Mexi 6 millions of quintals of ore extracted partly by can gold proceeds from alluvian lands, and is exmelting, and partly by amalgamation. The pro-tracted from veins which traverse the mountains portion between the rich and poor silver ore is from 3 to 14. The mine of Valenciana yielded in 1791, 200,000 marks of silver-a proportion of 3 to 22. of primitive rocks, and in some of these veins na tive gold is frequently found. The porphyries of Mexico, may be considered as the rocks eminently abounding in mines of gold and silver. SIR, For the National Register. In Peru the greater part of the silver extracted from the bosom of the earth is furnished by Pacas, a mineral of an earthy appearance, which consists of an intimate mixture of almost imperceptiI have been at last gratified by an examination ble parcels of native silver, with the brown oxid of the Library of Congress, late the property of of iron. In Mexico, on the contrary, the greatest || Mr. Jefferson. I must confess that my surprise quantity of silver is taken from these minerals, || was not inconsiderable to find it so rare and vawhich the Saxon miners denominate durre erze, luable a collection of books. I have no hesitation or meager ore. The central groupe of mines, a in declaring that the money given for it by Conportion of earth which is more abundant in silver gress was by no means an equivalent, and that than any in the world, is situated upon the same such a library could not be purchased for any parallel of latitude with Bengal. This groupe The handsome appearance of the books on embraces 3 districts of mines-Guanaxuato, Ca- the shelves, their order of location, and the toute torce and Zacatecas. The produce of the veins ensemble of the room, evince great care and atof Guanaxuato is double that of Potosi, and yields tention on the part of the librarian, who seems in a common year from 5 to 600,000 marcs of sil- to be devoted to his business. The arrangement ver, and from 15 to 1600 marcs of gold. The is, I think, admirable; and, with a view to gramine of Valenciana has yielded to its proprietors ||tify your literary and scientific readers, I send for 40 years, from 2 to 3 millions of francs annual profit. In order to form an idea of the enormous expense which the working of this mine requires, the following exhibit is given :VOL. II. I sum. you an analysis of the plan, which the librarian was polite enough to permit me to copy, and which will enable them to judge pretty correctly for themselves. Z |