[No. 11.

And why should it interfere? What plausible modesty prevented him from rendering this glory pretext could Great Britain invent for countenancing the Neapolitan monarch in a refusal of me, from the statements of others worthy of fall to that lady, who is his wife; but it is evident to our fair demands? The people of every inde. credit, that she, with her own hands, wrested pendent nation, whatever revolutions they may experience, or however they may change their by the force of her valour and the superiority of from the standard bearer this ensign of tyranny, sovereigns, are responsible for the unjust acts of her skill in warfare, so uncommon to her sex. their governors. Were the rule of the law other- The Spaniards, who make a parade of their cruwise, all that a nation would have to do, in order elty, who spill the American blood in our days to get rid of its domestic debts and its foreign so profusely as to convince us, by their acts, of obligations, would be, by a little violence of exertion, to depose one sovereign and crown ano. the truth of the narrations of Bishop Las Casas, ther. This is a doctrine, however, that savours. which might otherwise appear fabulous, excite too much of the Algerine logic to be recognized atrocitics, that we take pleasure in presenting to and aggravate the mind to such a degree by their by Christian potentates. At all events, England the world these phenomena, to convince the Eu should be the last power in Europe to suggest a single doubt as to the legality and propriety of particular, that the more she provokes our hatred ropean nations, and the obstinately wicked one in the American claims on the Neapolitan govern- the sooner will South-America cease to be a prey ment; because England, at the head of the allied powers, has strained the principle of public law, lency the above mentioned lady Azurduy; who to her vile cupidity. I recommend to your excel in this respect, beyond the point of reason, by perseveres in her military toils in the most ener forcibly compelling the French to pay the ex-getic manner, and is accompanied by several pense of wars carried on for their own subjuga. tion."-Nat. Intel.

SOUTH-AMERICAN NEWS.
From the Baltimore Patriot.

J.

By the late arrival from Buenos Ayres, we have received from a respectable gentleman the following brief account, which is believed to be correct, of the power and force of the new republic of the south.

others of her sex, whose names are not yet known to me, but I have made inquiries respecting them, and shall have the satisfaction of presenting them to your excellency's consideration. God preserve your excellency many years.

To his excellency

MANUEL BELGRANO.

DON JUAN MARTIN PUEYRREDON,
Supreme Director of the State.

DOMESTIC.

Extract of a letter from an intelligent officer of the United States army, to his friend, dated 2d Sept, campt Green Bay.

FROM LAKE HURON.

the remotest frontier post we now have.-The vessels in which we came were the first of so large You will perceive that I have been pushed to the bay, which was both easy and safe. The bar a size that had ever attempted the navigation of have only three feet water upon it; but on examiopposite the mouth of this river was supposed to nation a channel of 3 fathoms water was found to cross it. This bay is calculated to be about ninety miles long, and Mackinaw about 160 miles from this place, a much shorter distance than agreeable to the French computation.

The patriot army of Peru is augmenting and improving daily; and its respectable force and footing dispel all fears of the advance or progress of the enemy, who occupy Potosi with the greatest apprehensions, because the Provinces of Santa Cruz, Cochambamba, and Fomina, are all in possession of the patriots, who are active, and make continual attacks and skirmishes even to the Arrabales of Chaquisaca. According to this, it may be reasonably expected that they will form a rear guard of a number of divisions capable and able to impede the retreat of Gen. Peruela, and compel him to pay bitterly for all his atrocities and transgressions in the presence of the innocent and oppressed inhabitants, by the most cruel tyranny. Gen. St. Martin, who commands a division of the patriotic army of 4,000 soldiers, well disciplined, was stationed in Mendoza, at the foot of the Andes, waiting only for the favourable season, to march across the Cordilleras, to attack all the the bay, is about four hundred yards wide, of a force of the royalists, united in Santiago, the gentle current, and sufficiently deep to the port. "This river empties on the S. W. extremity of capital of Chili. There is very little doubt that, age for boats of considerable burthen, a distance in the course of the next year, Chili will be completely free of her oppressors. In support of this thence to the Ouisconsing is one and a half miles, of one hundred and sixty miles from its mouth, belief and opinion, and to satisfy the friends of and to the Mississippi one hundred and sixty. the glorious cause of freedom, that Spanish Ame-The erection of a fort at the portage next year is rica never can or will return to the galling yoke in contemplation. Maj. Gratiot, who is here, has under which it has suffered 300 years, it will be selected for ours the position of the old French sufficient to read the following official despatch, fort, which is about one mile from the mouth of taken from the Ministerial Gazette of Buenos the river-it is only fifteen feet above the river; Ayres of the 17th August: a mile, and although contiguous to several marsh yet it commands the adjacent country for at least es, is very healthy indeed, quite as much so as

Mackinaw.

Despatch from the General in Chief of the army of Peru, to the Director of the Nation. Most excellent sir,—I send you a design of the TUCUMAN, July 26. flag which the Amazon lady, Juana Azurduy took settlement, which extends five miles on both sides One half mile above this commences a French near La Plata, about eleven leagues to the east-of the river, occupied by forty French families, ward of Chuquiaca, in the action referred to by who emigrated from the Canadas and France in commandant Don Manuel Acansio Padilla, whose 1720, in company with the missionaries the French

sent into their Indian territories, and a small mili- profession. The sale of 20 British vessels of war tary force intended for their protection. But was commenced in England on the 18th of Sepsince the time of the surrender of this country to tember, but only three were sold; a sufficient the British by the peace of 1763, these people be- price not being bid for the others. The action ing out of the reach of protection, have been ex- at Algiers is said to have been the bloodiest on posed to Indian depredations, cruelty and barba-the part of the British, in proportion to the numrity, and although in the possession of extensivebers employed, of any considerable naval action and fertile farms, they were deterred from making for many years. Lord Exmouth received two any exertions to acquire more than a bare subsis-wounds, one in the cheek, and one on the thigh. tence, from the certainty that all above that, and often their all, would be taken by the first band of Indians that might visit the settlement-The people are therefore indolent, and some have adopted the Indian life.

Austria. It is said that the Emperor of Austria is to espouse, in November instant, the Princess Charlotte of Bavaria, born in 1792, and not a Saxon Princess as heretofore stated. It will be remembered that this princess is the divorced wife By intermarriage with the Indians, and a long of the Prince Royal of Wurtemburg. It is furresidence here, nearly the whole of this populather said, that the hereditary prince (son of the tion is of the "half breed." There is not a white Emperor Francis) is to marry, some years hence, female in the whole settlement; all speak fluent- the princess Elizabeth of Bavaria-the sister of ly the Indian language. It would be expected his mother-in-law. She was born in 1801. This from these circumstances that the neighboring double alliance between Austria and Bavaria, may Indians would be attached to them; yet, on eve- be a very important event for Germany. Thus they ry pretence, they kill their cattle, steal their match, what they term their royal bloods as horses, and rob the farms. Several have suffer- we match colts-for convenience. ed in this way since our arrival.

It is said that the Austrian archduchess Leopol dine, (born in 1797) is to be married to the prince royal of Portugal (born in 1798.) That the writLEGISLATURE OF CONNECTICUT. ten consent of the emperor and his daughter was The legislature of Connecticut have passed an obtained on the 31st August-that a courier has act appropriating to religious and literary insti- been despatched therewith to Rio Janeiro-that tutions the balance due that State from the United the prince royal is expected to return from the States, for expenditures for public defence during Brazills to reside in Lisbon, as viceroy of Portuthe late war. The committee to whom the sub-gal. A Portuguese ambassador is expected at ject was referred, and who reported the bill, de- Vienna, when the marriage will be solemnized by clare in their report, that they have been guided, proxy. in ascertaining the proportion each was to receive, by the relative numerical extent of each denomination; and to guard against the omission of some society, from the lack of imformation, East Indies.-Calcutta papers have been receiv they have reserved a part of the amount to beed at Boston up to the last of May, by which it received, for appropriation as circumstances may require. The sum to be received is stated to be $145,014 28, and is divided as follows, which we deem good data for calculating the prevalence

of sectarian doctrines in that State:

Religious Societies.

It was reported at Naples the 1st of Sept. that generals Savary and Lallemand had arrived in Hungary from Turkey.

appears the British war raised forces had been disbanded; all the opposition made by the native powers appeared to be effectually reduced, and tranquillity universally restored. The papers contain numerous appointments made for the permanent government of Batavia. The first divisiPresbyterians or Congregationalists, one third. on of the booty obtained when this Dutch colony Episcopalians, one seventh. was captured, had been declared. Admiral Stofone eighth. ford's share amounted to upwards of 163,000 dolone twelvth.lars; and he had but two-thirds of an eighth. An East India lady, the Bhow Begum, bequeathed to the East India Company treasure to the amount of 90,000 lacks of rupees, principally in bullion, the remainder in jewels.

Baptists,

Methodists,

Yale College,

Literature.

one seventh. Of the $145,014 28, the several societies will have the following sums: Presbyterians or Congregationalists, $48,338 09 Episcopalians, 20,714 89 18,126 78 12,084 52 20,714 89 25,035 11

Baptists,
Methodists,

Yale College,
Balance unappropriated.

At Port-au-Prince, October 10th, Petion was installed President for life of that part of the island, amidst loud acclamations of joy, and pompous ceremonies.

France. In the execution of the royal ordi. nance of the 5th September, the 86 departments of the kingdom are to elect 258 deputies. The population of France, according to the most recent documents is 29,400,000-Each deputy therefore, will represent about 114,000 individuals.

The Paris paper contains an amusing story about 200,000 Jews having assembled at Babylon, under a leader of the tribe of Dan, who calls himself King of the Jews, who bears down all opposition. The story is believed in France to be a fabrication of the Anti-Israelites in Germany. It is said that the royal ordinance which replaces France under the empire of constitutional laws, and dissolves the chamber of 1815, will produce

a salutary effect throughout France. The prince only 31 of the members of the 14th have been reLeopold and his wife was expected to leave Vi-elected. The venerable ex-president, John Adams, enna for the Two Sicilies about the middle of October..

A notice addressed to "the whole house of Israel," has been published in the New-York papers, calling a meeting for the purpose of devising means to convert Christians to Judaism, and a meeting of the clergy was to take place the same evening, to convert the Jews to Christianity.

A gentleman who has kept a list of all the members elected to the 15th Congress as far as he has seen published, informs us that out of the 108,

entered his 82d year on the 30th ult. John Pope, formerly a representative to Congress, from Kentucky, has been appointed Secretary of State of that state.

It is said that Col. Totten has been instructed to proceed to erect fortifications on our northern frontier.

NO. 12. VOL. II.] WASHINGTON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1816. [WHOLE NO. 38. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, BY JOEL K. MEAD, AT FIVE DOLLARS PER ANNUM.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.

HISTORY.

There are several fisheries on the Potomac very productive and valuable, not only to the propri etors, but to the inhabitants, who are thus easily and cheaply furnished with the means of subsistence during the remainder of the year. Shad are sold at the different landings for 3 dollars per hundred, and herrings at 50 cents per thousand. The following is a list of the principal fish caught at these fisheries: viz. shad, herrings, sturgeon, rock, gar, carp, pike, six varieties of the perch, mullets, and cat fish.

The District of Columbia was originally inhabited by a tribe of Indians called the Manahoacs; who, according to Smith,* were at constant enmity with the Powhatans of Virginia. Their his tory is but imperfectly known. War, the smallpox, and the introduction of spirituous liquors, thinned the population rapidly. In 1669 a census was taken, and it was found that in 62 years one third of their former numbers was wanting. They are said to have migrated westwardly, and to The soil is various: on the banks of the Ecuthave become blended with the Tuscaroras. This ern Branch and Potomy there is a deep and m Dit was geded Virginia and wiaryland in alluvian, which contains" fragments of primitive came the permanent seat of the ge-mountains, pyrites, gravel and sand, shells, and the remains of vegetable substances." Mr. Goden says that Rock Creek, which divides Georgetown from the city, separates the primitive from the

neral government in 1800. At the time of its cession, the principal proprietors on the eastern side of the Potomac were D. Carrol, N. Young, and D. Burns; who cultivated corn, tobacco, and wheat, where the city now stands. The selection

alluvial soil.

of this site enriched those proprietors, particu-ile, it is capable of being highly improved by Though the soil in parts of the District is ster lary the former; who, however, from a mistaken policy, has withered the growth of that section of the city in which the most of his property lies. The heir of the latter, Mr. Van Ness, pursued a different system, and by disposing of his ground on moderate terms, has contributed to the rapid improvement of his section of the metropolis, and to the consequent increase of value in property.

TOPOGRAPHY.

the application of plaster or any other species of compost, and might, from its convenience to an excellent market, be made, by enterprising and industrious agriculturalists, eminently productive and fertile. Its natural productions are such as are common to the adjacent states. There is, convenient to it, an extensive quarry of freestone on the Acquia creek, and another of beattiful marble on the Seneca, which has recently been discovered.

CLIMATE, &C.

The climate of the District is liable to frequent and sudden changes-in summer excessively hot, and in winter very cold; but it does not appear to be more pregnant with diseases than other portions of the United States, The healthy ap

This District is 10 miles square, and includes within its limits the city of Washington, Alexandria, and Georgetown: its diagonal lines are north and south, east and west. The southern angle is at Fort Columbus, at the mouth of Hunting Creek, on the left bank of the Potomac. From this the lines run at an angle of 45° to the distance of 19 miles. The Distric is composed of portions of Vir-pearance and longevity of the inhabitants indicate ginia and Maryland, on the east and west side of its salubrity; and, indeed, when we consider the the Potomac, a grand and beautiful river, which flowing nature of its surface, the free admission rises in the Allegany Mountain, and after a mean- of pure and wholesome air, and the excellence of dering course of near 400 miles, empties itself its water, in which it stands unrivalled in the into the Chesapeake Bay. The Potomac is navi- United States, we cannot but believe it must be gable to vessels of considerable burden as high healthy. Mr. Blodget estimated the annual deaths as Georgetown; and by means of locks which in Washington at 1 of 48 to 50, in New-York 1 of have been erected at the Great and Little Falls, 44 to 50, Baltimore 1 of 43 to 49, and at Charlesa navigation is afforded to boats of no inferior ton 1 of 35 to 40; which establishes the superior magnitude, for 100 miles nearer its source. healthiness of Washington to those cities. In making a vast difference in favour of Washington. European cities the annual deaths are as 1 to 28,

work.

* Capt. Smith's History of Virginia-a very rare and valuable VOL. II. I.

POPULATION.

THE NATIONAL REGISTER.

The population of the District of Columbia, at the last census, (1810) amounted to 24,023-now, in all probability, 30,000. The city contained 8,208, Georgetown 4,948, and Alexandria 7,227.|| Washington county 2,315, and Alexandria county 1,325 inhabitants.

COMMERCE.

[No. 12.

lately passed a law authorizing the judges of the jurisdiction over it. Congress have, however, circuit court, in conjunction with the attorney general of the United States, to form a code of laws for its government, which, we trust, will obviate all those difficulties hitherto experienced from the various and conflicting statutes of the adjacent States, and from the inconvenient organization of the District courts.

WASHINGTON CITY.

The City of Washington, which forms an important section of the District of Columbia, was its name, as the metropolis of the United States; selected by Gen. Washington, from whom it takes and no selection could have been more judicious or excellent. Its central situation; the romantic and picturesque beauty of its site; the salubrity

of its water

Its commercial importance has perhaps never been duly appreciated. From its central situation, surrounded by a rich, fertile, and flourishing country, commanding the most extensive internal resources, it must soon become one of the richest commercial territories in the U. States. In 1813 it exported, in domestic productions and manufactures, to the amount of 1,387,000 dollars; thus surpassing in exports alone both Connecticut and Vermont: and in 1805 para in duties on imports 143,000 dollars. Its rising prosperity all combine to render it the most desirable spot is marked and perceptible; and though it has in the United States. It comprises a square of been opposed by all the violence of prejudice, 4 miles in extent, and is watered by the Poand all the obstacles of conflicting interests, ittomac and Anacostia rivers, which add to its na. has risen with great rapidity, and promises to be tural beauty, and will contribute to the facility of vast political and commercial importance to and prosperity of its commerce. There are on the United States. Its natural advantages are cal- each side of those rivers, and, indeed, in almost culated to promote that object. Situated on the every possible direction, the most beautiful elegreat post road from the northern to the southern vations, calculated for the residence of private extremities of the United States, and almost equi- gentlemen, or those who may wish to retire from distant from the Atlantic on the one side and the the turmoil and bustle of the town. These heights Ohio on the other, which yields it every facility the District; of the surrounding country, and of command extensive and variegated prospects of of navigation, and opens to it all the trade of the the meanderings of the Potomac, as far as the west, it is impossible that it can avoid becoming eye can reach; while their convenience to the the most wealthy and eligible territory in the neighbouring towns of the District, enable them to afford every advantage and pleasure that can city is divided into squares by streets running result from a union of town and country. The north and south, east and west; but, to destroy produce, there are diagonal streets, or avenues, the sameness and insipidity which this plan would leading from one public place to another, which tend to diversify and variegate prospects naturally elegant. The avenues are called aner the din

Union.

MANUFACTURES..

*Its manufactories are in a flourishing condition, and are daily increasing in variety and capital.

CONSTITUTION AND LAWS.

By the constitution of the United States, the national legislature have the power to exercise exclusive legislation over this territory, and to enact such laws, in relation to it, as may be deemed necessary and proper. Whether govern-ferent States which constituted the Union at the ment could assume this right, consistently with the nature and principles of our political institutions, and thus exclude a large population from the privileges of freemen, we shall not now pause to examine. It is, however, certain, we are for many years destined to be deprived of the right of suffrage; a privilege so much and so highly prized by our countrymen.

time the city was laid out, and are from 130 to 160 feet wide, including a pavement of 10 feet, and a gravel walk of 30 feet, planted on each side with trees. The other streets are from 90 to 110 feet wide, and are named numerically when ically when from east to west. The Easter they run from north to south, and alphabet Branch, or Anacostia river, affords, from the The laws of Virginia and Maryland, prior to depth of its channels, and its security from storms the year 1800, are still in force in the District, one of the safest and most commodious harbour excepting such as have been repealed or modified in the United States, and will unquestionably by the national legislature, who have exclusive || become, from the convenience which the cara】