Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the Second and Third Marquesses of Londonderry: With Annals of Contemporary Events in which They Bore a Part ...

Archibald Alison

W. Blackwood and Sons, 1861

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CHAPTER I	1

Family of the first Marquess	2

Character of the two brothers in childhood	3

Striking anecdote of Charles Stewart 5 He enters the army in 1791	4

Superior interest of military to civil biography	6

Character of the first Lord Londonderry	7

Noble anecdote of Lord Castlereagh on Strangford Lough	8

His early life at Cambridge	9

Glorious charge of the Fusilier brigade under Cole which regains the day	439

Victory of the British	440

Results of the battle on both sides	441

Soult retires to Llerena and Beresford resumes the siege of Badajos	442

Siegetrain of Wellington and stores	443

Description of Badajos	444

Commencement of the siege	445

Repulse of the storm of Fort St Christoval	446

His travels abroad and first parliamentary contest	10

Page	11

Severe parliamentary contest in the county of Down	12

Which was eminently characteristic of Lord Castlereagh	13

of Buckinghamshire	16

His declaration in favour of Reform	17

His debut in the Irish Parliament	18

Dangers of Ireland in 1793 and Lord Castlereaghs views on it	19

Lord Castlereaghs views on the subject	20

Lord Castlereaghs views of the French war in 1793 21	21

Renewed insurrection	22

Value of the political opinions expressed in these letters	23

Lord Castlereaghs views of affairs in Ireland in 1794 24	24

Changes in the Irish Government at this period and appointment of Lords Westmoreland and Fitzwilliam	26

Lord Fitzwilliams liberal policy and his dismissal succeeded by Lord Camden	27

Declaration of Earl Camden against further concessions	28

Appointment of Lord Castlereagh as Keeper of the Seal	29

Origin of the Irish revolutionary troubles and wretched former govern ment of the country	30

Armed volunteers of 1782	31

Organisation of the United Irishmen in 1791	32

Real objects of this movement	33

Threatened reduction of the army	35

Objects of the conspirators	38

Lord Castlereaghs measures for increasing the military force of	39

Breaking out of the rebellion	44

Lord Castlereaghs and Napoleons opposite plan of operations	45

Military forces at Wellingtons disposal and Lord Castlereaghs great	49

Amnesty proposed by Lord Cornwallis and Lord Castlereagh	52

Results of the rebellion	59

in bringing forward the measure	81

Opposition to it in Dublin	82

Importance of this memoir	88

Naval preparations of the French for the invasion of Ireland	94

General union of the Protestants against the measure	97

8587	106

Difficulties on the part of Government in the creation of peerages	123

Difficulties of the King and Cabinet on the subject	130

Beneficial effects of the Union	137

Lord Castlereaghs debut in the British Parliament	155

Great difficulty in the way of forming a coalition against France	189

Lord Castlereaghs military measures	195

Magnitude of Lord Castlereaghs propositions already made	201

for War	212

Treaties in consequence concluded with the Allied powers	213

But the succour is promised too late to save from Friedland and Tilsit	214

The secret articles of Tilsit become known to the British Ministry	216

Copenhagen expedition and capture of the Danish fleet	218

Great impression produced by this stroke in Europe	219

Arguments of Opposition against the expedition	220

810 Lord Castlereaghs answer 221223	221

Vindication of the Copenhagen expedition furnished by Napoleon to his historians	225

Judicious placing of the British army after Copenhagen in Sweden	226

Lord Castlereaghs plan of an attack on South America	227

His plan for detaching it from the Spanish Crown	228

His early conferences regarding it with Sir A Wellesley	229

Lord Castlereaghs plans in regard to South America	230

The success of the Copenhagen expedition hastens Junots march to Lisbon	232

The Prince Regent of Portugal and fleet sail for Brazil	233

Great naval force at the disposal of Napoleon	234

State of the land forces	236

Lord Castlereaghs system for supplying the army with troops and the defence of the country	238

Advantages of the ballot for the local militia	239

True principles on the subject for Great Britain	240

Great success of Lord Castlereaghs measures for recruiting the army	242

Breakingout of the Spanish war	243

Lord Castlereaghs disposition of the land force and transports of Great Britain for active operations	244

His projected operation against Boulogne	245

Portugal is selected as the battlefield by Lord Castlereagh	247

Choice of a Commanderinchief	249

Landing of the expedition and battle of Vimeira	251

Convention of Cintra which in the circumstances was expedient	253

Advance of Sir John Moore into Spain	255

Great effects of Sir J Moores advance against Soult	256

Lord Castlereagh disapproves of the abandonment of Spain by the British army	257

Lord Castlereaghs instructions to Moore and Baird for the disposal of the army which retreated to Corunna	259

Lord Castlereagh resolves to persevere in the Peninsular contest	260

Extreme difficulty of getting specie in the Peninsula and Lord Castle	273

Lord Castlereaghs measures for the defence of Portugal	280

Lord Castlereaghs early Cabinet Memorandum regarding a Walcheren	287

Lord Castlereaghs instructions to Lord Chatham for the conduct of	293

Ease with which Antwerp might have been taken at first and even after	302

Great dissatisfaction in England at the failure of the expedition	308

Resumé of Lord Castlereaghs achievements at the War Office	313

Real causes of this decision of the Cabinet Lord Castlereagh was in advance of the age	315

Causes of the general distrust of Lord Castlereagh at this time	316

CHAPTER IV	318

He is appointed AidedeCamp to the King and UnderSecretary of State for Ireland	319

First operations in Portugal	320

His advance into Spain with Sir John Moore	321

Gallant actions near Sahagun and retreat of the army towards Galicia	322

Disastrous march to Corunna	324

Horrors of the retreat	325

Battle offered at Lugo and march to Corunna	326

Arrival of the army at Corunna	327

Preparation for the battle of Corunna	328

General Stewart sails to Lisbon as AdjutantGeneral of Sir A Wellesleys army	330

State of affairs when he landed in Portugal	331

Advance to the Douro	332

Soults incipient revolt against Napoleon	333

Advance of Sir A Wellesley to the Douro	334

Passage of the Douro	335

Pursuit of the French out of Portugal	336

Operations in Spain are determined on with Cuesta	337

Plan of operations	338

Interview with Cuesta and appearance of the Spanish army	339

Advance to Talavera and preparations for a battle there	340

The French forces unite and again approach Talavera	341

Position of the troops at Talavera	342

Bloody combat on the evening of the 27th July	343

Battle of Talavera	344

Desperate attack of the French on the centre and right	345

Victory of the British	346

Picturesque anecdotes during the battle	347

Position of the British army after the battle	348

Cuesta abandons the British wounded	349

Sir Arthur retreats by the bridge of Arzobispo to the south of the Tagus	350

Noble conduct of Si A Wellesley	351

Continued disasters of the Spaniards and retreat of the British into the valley of the Guadiana	352

Return of General Stewart on leave to England	353

General Stewarts exposition of Sir A Wellesleys plans	354

Thanks of the House of Commons to General Stewart	356

General Stewarts answer	357

He is made a Knight of the Bath	358

CHAPTER V	359

Disasters in Spain which had led to the new position taken by Wellington	360

Improved condition of the British army	361

Lord Wellingtons position and prospects at this time	362

Desponding feelings in the army	363

Siege and capture of Ciudad Rodrigo by the French	364

Unsuccessful skirmish of advanced posts	366

Severe fight with Craufurds division	367

Results of the combat and siege of Almeida	368

Siege and fall of Almeida	369

Gloomy aspect of affairs in the British army	371

Political difficulties of Wellingtons situation	372

Massena by Napoleons positive orders invades Portugal	373

Approach of both armies to Busaco	374

Massena is goaded on to attack	376

Defeat of the attack on the British left	377

Results of the battle on both sides	378

Great service of Sir Charles Stewart in this battle	379

Massena turns the British position	380

Wellington retires to Torres Vedras	381

Horrors of the retreat	382

Sir Charles Stewarts description of the lines of Torres Vedras	383

Weak points of the line	385

Massena resolves to blockade the lines only	386

Depressed condition of the French army	388

Wellingtons foresight of Massenas designs	389

Movements of Wellington on the retreat of the French	391

Improved health and spirits of the troops	392

Wretched condition of the French army	393

Wellingtons difficulties	394

Firmness of Wellington at this juncture	395

Napoleons plan for a fresh invasion of Portugal	396

Massenas difficulties as to crossing the Tagus	397

Great successes of Soult in Estremadura	398

Napoleons order to Massena at this period	399

Operations of the French and English for crossing the Tagus	400

Massenas retreat	401

First operations of Wellington in pursuit	403

Which is carried by the Allies	404

Continuance of the retreat	405

Continuance of the retreat across the Ceira	406

Difficulties of the pursuit	407

State of the French army when it reentered Spain	409

Material losses of the French army during the campaign	410

CHAPTER VI	412

Wellingtons movements to regain Badajos	413

Wellington undertakes the siege of Badajos	414

Position of the troops covering the blockade of Almeida	415

Description of Fuentes dOnore	416

Massenas reasons for resuming the offensive	417

Necessity of relieving Almeida and Badajos	418

Attack of Massena on Fuentes dOnore	419

Arrival of the Imperial Guard and renewal of the battle	421

Preparations for battle on the 5th by Wellington	422

Desperate conflict in Fuentes dOnore	424

Massena retreats without a further attack	425

Lord Londonderrys reflections on this battle	426

This was a turningpoint in Sir Charles Stewarts fortunes	427

Massenas orders to Brennier to evacuate Almeida	428

Blowing up of Almeida and escape of Brennier	429

Wellington despatches troops and stores for Estremadura	431

Operations for the first siege of Badajos	432

Progress of the siege which is suspended	433

Forces on both sides	434

Description of the field of battle	435

Battle of Albuera	436

Gallant attack of Stewarts division	437

Gallant advance of Houghtons brigade	438

A second assault on Fort Christoval is resolved on	447

Raising of the siege and forces on both sides	448

Improved situation of Wellington 387	449

The French generals decline the conflict	450

Habits of the army when in these cantonments	451

Movement of the army to new cantonments on the Tagus its reinforce ment and plan of operations	452

Ciudad Rodrigo is revictualled and Wellington establishes a distant blockade	453

Wellingtons preparations and advance of the enemy who relieve Ciudad Rodrigo	455

Approach to El Bodon	456

Glorious cavalry action under Alten and Sir Charles Stewart	457

Retreat of the British to Guinaldo and their dangerous position	458

Splendid appearance of the French army here collected	459

Marmont declines battle	460

Retreat of the British and its reasons	461

The French decline the conflict	462

The French go into winterquarters	463

Wellingtons projects at this time	464

Wellington approaches Ciudad Rodrigo	466

Investment of Ciudad Rodrigo and its difficulties	467

Wellington resolves on an attack on the place	469

Storm of the greater Teson	470

The rampart is breached from a distance	472

A practicable breach is made	473

Plan of the assault	474

Aspect of the trenches before the assault	476

The assault of the place	477

Fearful disorders after the place was taken	478

Great results of this conquest	479

Return to Britain of Sir Charles Stewart and death of Lady Stewart	480

CHAPTER VII	482

Regency question	483

35 Lord Castlereaghs speech in support of the restrictions 484	484

Ferment in the country against the Peninsular war	487

711 Lord Castlereaghs speech on the Spanish war of 1809 488493	488

Growing despondence on the Peninsular war in the country	494

Grounds of Lord Castlereagh and Wellingtons confidence in the war in the Peninsula	495

Immense difficulty of getting specie for the British army	497

Appointment of the Bullion Committee	498

Bullion Report	499

Mr Vansittarts counterresolutions	500

1829 Lord Castlereaghs argument against the Bullion Report 501512	501

Result of the debate	512

Reflections on this speech	513

What if the report of the committee had been adopted	514

Lord Castlereaghs speech on the battle of Albuera 515	515

Great distress in Great Britain at this time	517

The Orders in Council issued by the British Government	518

Their disastrous effects in Great Britain	519

Effect of the American Nonintercourse Act	520

Events which led to Lord Castlereagh being appointed Foreign Secretary	521

Debate on the Orders in Council	523

4244 Lord Castlereaghs reply 524526	524

Repeal of the Orders in Council	525

Situation of Europe when Lord Castlereagh returned to power	528

Great change produced by Lord Castlereaghs accession to office	529

Forces of Great Britain at this time and their distribution	530

efforts to increase it	531

Lord Castlereaghs cautious policy as to Italy	533

Diplomatic relations with Russia	534

Treaty between Russia and Turkey	535

Lord Castlereaghs efforts to effect a treaty between Sweden and Russia	537

Peace with Sweden on condition of her getting Norway	538

Chances of the approaching Russian campaign	539

Alexanders half promise of the throne of France to Bernadotte	541

CHAPTER VIII	542

Situation of Germany and treaties with Prussia at this period by Great Britain	543

Sir Charles Stewarts important services with the Government	544

Requirements of a diplomatic envoy to the Court of Prussia	545

Situation of the French and Allied armies at this period	546

Lord Walpoles secret mission to Vienna and views of Austria at this period	548

Schwartzenbergs mission to Paris	549

Conference of Maret and Schwartzenberg	550

Aspect of affairs at Vienna	551

Secret negotiation between Austria and the King of Saxony	552

Secret negotiation with Bavaria	553

Napoleons proposals to Austria	554

Conclusion of this conference	556

Answer of Metternich to Napoleons proposals to Austria	557

Positions of the French and Allied armies at this period when Sir Charles Stewart joined the Allied headquarters	558

Forces of Napoleon	559

Forces and positions of the Allies	561

Sir Charles Stewarts first steps in Germany	563

State of affairs at Dresden on Sir Charless arrival	564

Interview of Sir Charles Stewart with the King of Prussia	566

Death of Kutusoff and forward movement of the Allies towards Leipsic	567

New commercial tariff and conclusion of a treaty of alliance with Russia and Prussia	568

Mutual advance of the opposite armies	569

Combat of Weissenfels and death of Bessières	570

Movements before battle of Lützen	571

Battle of Lützen	573

Leipsic is carried by the French	574

Success of the Allies on the French right and desperate conflicts there	575

Great successes of the Allies in the five villages	577

Crisis of the battle which turns to the advantage of the French	578

The Allies resolve to retreat and Bluchers nocturnal irruptions into Marmonts lines	580

Results of the battle and forces on both sides	581

Retreat of the Allies to Dresden	583

its strategic advantages	584

Evacuation of Dresden by the Allies and its entry by the French	585

Passage of the Elbe by the French	586

The King of Saxony is reconciled to Napoleon	587

Bolder tone assumed with the Cabinet of Vienna	588

Metternichs proposals on hearing of the battle of Lützen	589

Metternichs proposals for a general peace	590

Which are repudiated with scorn by Napoleon	591

Napoleons change of plan in consequence of this discovery	592

Napoleons immense preparations for the prosecution of the war	593

His measures to augment the reserve on the Rhine	594

His vast measures for fortifying and strengthening the Elbe	595

Force and position of the Allies at Bautzen	596

Advance and composition of the French army	597

Opening of a direct negotiation between France and Russia	598

Combat of Königswartha and defeat of the French	599

Description of the field of battle by Sir Charles Stewart	600

French force and plan of attack	601

Commencement of the battle and progress of the French on the Allied left	602

Progress of the action on the Allied right and centre	603

Renewal of the battle on the day following	604

Decisive attack of Ney with the French left wing on the Allied right	605

Final and decisive attack of Ney and Marmont upon Blucher	606

Napoleons movements in pursuit of the Allies	607

Combats during the retreat	608

Death of Duroc	609

Napoleons last conversation with him	610

Continuation of the retreat and combat at Haynau	611

The Allies move towards Bohemia	612

Reasons which led both parties at this period to desire an armistice	613

Reasons against it but it is at length concluded	614

An armistice is agreed to by both parties	615

Further discussions of Napoleon direct with Austria	617

Conclusion of the armistice of Pleswitz	618

Thierss reflections on this armistice	619

Review of the Allied army	620

CHAPTER IX	622

Sincerity of Austria and her views	623

Great advantages which this state of affairs gave to Napoleon	624

Lord Castlereaghs view of the alliance	625

Importance of Bernadotte to the alliance	626

His equivocal attitude towards the Allies	627

Sir Charles Stewarts account of him in his published work	629

His private correspondence on the subject	630

His real views and designs	632

His real and secret views at this period	635

State of negotiations at Prague	636

Napoleons line of policy in consequence	637

Preliminary difficulties in point of form stated by France	638

The Emperor Francis comes to Gitschin in Bohemia and Metternich to Dresden	639

Explicit explanation between Metternich and Nesselrode	640

Signature of the Treaty of June 15 by England Russia and Prussia	641

Sir Charles Stewarts efforts with Bernadotte renewed	643

Interview of Metternich with the Allied sovereigns	644

Napoleon invites M de Metternich to Dresden	645

Interview of Metternich with Maret	646

Interview of Metternich with Napoleon	647

Metternichs answer 648	648

Conferences continued 651	651

Great sensation produced by this interview	653

Renewal of the conference between Metternich and Maret	654

News of the battle of Vitoria and its great effect	656

Napoleons reasons for fixing on the Elbe as his line of defence	657

Napoleons measure for fortifying the Elbe at Koenigstein and Dresden	658

His works at Torgau Wittenberg and Magdeburg	659

His measures regarding Hamburg and Werben	660

Immense exactions of Davoust at Hamburg	661

Forces which Napoleon had collected by the middle of August	662

Plan of operations agreed on by the Allies at Trachenberg	663

Forces of the Allies at the resumption of hostilities	664

Napoleons plan of operations for the campaign	665

State of the negotiations with Austria	666

Intrepid conduct of Lord Cathcart and Sir Charles Stewart in regard to an Austrian subsidy	668

Change of policy on the part of Bernadotte	670

Treacherous attack on the free corps of Lutzow and the poet Körner	672

Sir Charles Stewarts gloomy views of the negotiations	673

Napoleons delay in sending plenipotentiaries to Prague	674

Fresh difficulty raised by Napoleon as to the form of the conferences	676

Secret conference of Metternich and Narbonne	677

de Narbonne in vain tries to persuade Napoleon of his danger	678

Napoleon goes to Mayence to meet the Empress	680

Final proposals of Austria	681

Noble conduct of M de Caulaincourt	682

Termination of the congress and declaration of war by Austria against France	683

Napoleon tries in vain to engage Austria in a further secret negotiation	684

Fresh effort of M de Caulaincourt to bring about a peace	685

Last effort of Caulaincourt to induce Napoleon to make peace	686

Sir Charles Stewarts confidential conversation with Metternich	687

Grand review of the Austrian army	688

Advance of money to the Austrians by Lord Cathcart and Sir Charles Stewart	689

Difficulties about a commanderinchief	690

French review	691

Reflections on these conferences	692

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advantage arms army attack Britain British Government brought Cabinet Camden carried Castlereagh Correspondence CHAP circumstances command concession conduct consequence considerable contest Cornwallis and Lord Cornwallis Correspondence corps Corresp danger defence despatches difficulty disposed Dublin Duke of Portland duty Earl effect empire enemy England English Government excited expedition favour feel fleet force formidable France French French Directory hitherto hope House immediately important insurrection Ireland Irish militia June Killala kingdom land leaders letter Lord Camden Lord Castle Lord Castlereagh Lord Corn Lord Cornwallis Lord Edward Lord Edward Fitzgerald Lord Wellesley Lord-Lieutenant Lordship Majesty's Marquess means measure memoir ment military militia Ministers Napoleon naval object opinion opposition Parliament party persons Pitt present principle Protestant question reagh Cor rebellion rebels regiments rendered resp Roman Catholics Russia sail sent success tion treaty treaty of Tilsit troops Union United Irishmen utmost views wallis whole yeomanry

Bibliografisk informasjon

Tittel	Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the Second and Third Marquesses of Londonderry: With Annals of Contemporary Events in which They Bore a Part ... Volum 1 av Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart, the Second and Third Marquesses of Londonderry: With Annals of Contemporary Events in which They Bore a Part, Archibald Alison Volum 1 av Lives of Lord Castlereagh and Sir Charles Stewart: The Second and Third Marquesses of Londonderry, Archibald Alison
Forfatter	Archibald Alison
Utgiver	W. Blackwood and Sons, 1861
Original fra	National Library of the Netherlands
Digitalisert	17. jan 2012

Eksporter sitat	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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