cut away to fit it for its present unworthy position. It is a cross of the Maltese form, with nearly circular impressed spaces between the limbs, and with a four-lobed boss in the centre. The cross measures 18 inches in diameter.

PLATE LXXIII. FIG. 2.

THE BRYNGWYN CROSSED STONE.

I am also indebted to Richard W. Banks, Esq., for a rubbing of a crossed-stone at Bryngwyn, made by the rector, the Rev. J. Hughes. It stands in the churchyard near the solitary yew-tree, and is a block of sandstone embedded 2 feet in the earth and standing 5 feet 3 inches above ground, probably an erratic boulder, the front of which has been carefully dressed, rounded off at its angles, and deeply incised with crosses. The stone may possibly have been a British maen-hir, decorated at a subsequent, although very early, period with an incised cross having roundels at the extremity of each arm. (R. W. B. in Arch. Camb., 1876, p. 215.)

From the accompanying figure it will be seen that each of the terminal roundels incloses a small boss, as is also the case with the centre of the cross, and that there are four small plain crosses introduced between the limbs of the cross, which is 30 inches high and 20 inches wide.

PLATE LXXIII. FIGS. 3 & 4.

THE LLOWES CROSS.

In the Archæologia Cambrensis, 1873, p. 321, is contained a memoir and figure of a singularly carved crossed-stone in Llowes churchyard, Radnorshire, communicated by Ernest Hartland, Esq. It is a large block of stone standing erect about 7 feet 6 inches above the surface of the ground, 3 feet wide at the base, and gradually diminishing upwards to 27 inches across and 10 inches thick at the top and 10 at the bottom. On the side facing the east (fig. 3) is a cross of irregular geometrical lozenge-shaped patterns, filled up with semilunar and triangular compartments arranged symmetrically, but by no means regularly. The upper part of the stone containing the top arm of the cross is mutilated, and the lower part of the stem is plain; the semilunar compartments forming the connexions between the arms of the cross are carved to the depth of two inches, being deeper than the rest of the pattern. On the opposite or west side of the stone (fig. 4) is a Latin cross cut to the depth of 3 inches, increasing in width downwards. The stone is a limestoneblock partly overgrown with lichens, and has suffered much on its west face as well as on the south side of the east face from exposure to the weather.

In the edge of the stone on the north side is a curious small hole 2 inches across and 3 inches deep. The stone is known by the name of Moll Walbec, and the original British appellation was Malaen y Walfa, i. e. 'the fury of the Enclosure.' The name Moll Walbec, however, appears to have also been applied by the common people to the female corbel-head

now on a cottage, taken from Huntington Castle, as well as to any carved corbel in the neighbourhood of Hay.

In the History of Radnorshire,' by the Rev. Jonathan Williams, is contained a most fanciful description of this stone, which he describes as carved into the similitude of a human body; on its breast is delineated a large circle divided into four semilunar compartments separated by rich sculpture. In the centre of the circle is a lozenge. Its arms have been broken off by accident or violence, or by the corroding hand of time:' adding, that some, among whom was the late Theophilus Jones (author of the History of Brecknockshire), supposed this formidable figure to represent the Malaen, the British Minerva, the goddess of war;' (!) and that a female figure of gigantic strength, called Broll Walbec, threw this immense stone out of her shoe across the river Wye from Clifford Castle, which she had constructed, distant about three miles.

It appears, moreover, that there was an old Breconshire family of the name of Walbeof, now long since extinct, whose name may have been corrupted into that given to this stone.

The paper by Mr. Hartland, and another by Howel W. Lloyd, Esq., in Arch. Camb., 1874, p. 83, contain observations on the lozenge-shaped ornamentation of this stone, and of other monuments in which it is supposed to have been repeated, without however any satisfactory result being arrived at.

ABBEY CWM HIR.-In Lewis's Top. Dict. of Wales it is stated that a gravestone had lately been found among the ruins of the monastery bearing an ancient inscription in rude characters, but in the careful description of the abbey published in the Arch. Camb., October 1849, a description of the stone is given, whence it appears to have been the memorial of a lady named Mabli, its date having been assigned to the reign of Edward II, or the former part of the fifteenth century.

VALE OF RADNOR.-Here are four large upright stones in the centre of the Vale, and in the church of Old Radnor a curious carved font.

PARISH OF CWMDAUDDWR (Llansantfraid).—On the top of the hill not far distant from the Turbary is a huge stone set erect on the ground, and having upon it the figure of a cross. It is supposed to commemorate the base assassination of Eineon Clyd, regulus of Elfael, brother of Cadwallon, regulus of Moelynaidd, by the Flemings and Normans on his return from Cardigan, where he had assisted at the festivities instituted by his father-in-law Rhys, Prince of South Wales. (Arch. Camb., 1858, p. 543.)

On the confines of the same parish, at a place called Abernant-y-beddau, is a huge stone set erect on the ground and bearing upon it the following inscription :

'Mae tribedd tribedog

Ar Lannerch dirion feillionog,

Lle claddwyd y tri Chawr mawr

O Sir Frecheiniog

Owen Milfyd, a Madog.' (Ibid.)

MONTGOMERYSHIRE.

PLATE LXXII. FIG. 4.

THE LLANERFYL STONE.

In the Gentleman's Magazine for 1791, p. 13, Pl. III. fig. 3, is given an account and figure by Mr. Lewis Morris of an inscribed stone standing in the churchyard of Llanerfyl, or Llanervil, between Llanfair and Garthbibio, of which a rubbing has been forwarded to me by the Rev. D. R. Thomas of Meifod, one of the Secretaries of the Cambrian Archæological Association. The stone is 26 inches high by 20 inches broad, and 8 inches thick. It is much slit and broken, especially at the top, the inscription occupying 21 inches by 19, being in Roman capital letters.

HIC (IN ?)

TVMVLO IA

CIT R(?)STÆ

CE FILIA PA

TERNINI

ANIXIIIION

PA [CE]

Cracks in the surface of the stone render it difficult to assert that the second letter of the name in the third line is an A1, and whether the marks after the x in the sixth line are three numeral 1's 2. There is not however the slightest ground for reading the letter before the x as a L, as has been suggested by Hübner (Inscriptiones, p. 43, No. 125).

The name of the female commemorated on the stone has been hitherto read R(E)STECE ; and Professor Rhys (who calls the Latinity of the latter part of the inscription a puzzle) adds that 'Restece stands of course for Resteca, meaning the body of Resteca or (as I suspect the nominative should be) Restica, which seems to be a derivation from the feminine Rest (Myv. Arch. 484), the Britons having had nearly allied names, such as the masculine Restoi and Restue (see the Cartulaire de Redon).' Arch. Camb., 1874, p. 335.

It is clear however from several rubbings before me that the E at the end of the third line is preceded by a straight upright stroke near the first stroke of the E, which seems intended for a diphthong E, making the name R(E?)STÆCE.

In addition to the stone at Llanerfyl above described, it would appear from William Jones's Statistical Account of the Parishes of Llanerfyl, Llangadfan, and Garthbibio (Camb. Reg. ii. 369, 1791), that there was another stone in the first-named parish, since

1 It is however certainly not an E, as read by Hübner.

2 The Rev. D. R. Thomas proposes to read vi after the x (i.e. AN. IX. VI[XIT]), according to the ordinary sepulchral formula, but it appears to me that the stroke which he considers to be the first slanting stroke of the v is only a crack in the stone, extending from the middle stroke of the first N in the fifth line to below the sixth line. Prof. Rhys (Arch. Camb., 1876, p. 245) says, 'Perhaps neither an. IXIII nor an. LXIII is correct, for it may possibly be ani. XIII for annis XIII.' The o following the three 1's is very minute, and seems scarcely intended for a letter.

X

on the north side of Llyn Hir, in dry seasons, is to be seen a flat stone, whereon is cut this inscription, MET. II. 1430. It lies about 7 feet from the bank, whereby it appears that the water encroached no more than 7 feet in 360 years.' Mr. Jones evidently took it for a boundary stone.

PLATE LXXII. FIG. 1.

THE MEIFOD CHURCH STONE.

This figure represents a very remarkable stone in the church of Meifod, for rubbings, drawings, and photograph of which I am indebted to the Rev. D. R. Thomas. It is 4 feet 10 inches high from the floor of the church, and is 16 inches wide at the bottom and 1 foot 10 inches at the top. The ornamentation is very peculiar, since in addition to the large cross in the middle of the stone decorated with interlaced ornaments, there is a wheel-cross in the upper part, within which is very rudely carved the figure of our Lord crucified, with raised pellets in the spaces between the limbs of the cross. In addition to the various interlacements there are on the right side of the stone several small ill-shaped quadrupeds, one with a wide gaping mouth. There is no inscription on the stone, but I apprehend, from its general appearance, that it is considerably older than the twelfth century, during which century it is recorded that here, besides the earlier princes of the families of Mervyn and Convyn, were interred at a later period Madoc ap Meredydd, Prince of Powys, in 1159, and his eldest son Gruffyd Maelor in 1190.'

PLATE LXXII. FIG. 3.

THE STONE WITH MASONS' MARKS (?), MEIFOD.

I am also indebted to the Rev. D. R. Thomas for rubbings of a stone in the southeast wall of the church of Meifod, about 15 feet from the ground. It is 2 feet 4 inches long and 4 inches wide, and is covered with a variety of small crosses, some enclosed within oblong-oval spaces, and other marks apparently cut with a knife or chisel, the object of which it is not possible to determine, unless they can be considered as masons' marks.

MAES LLYMYSTYN, in the parish of Garthbeibio.In the Archæologia Cambrensis, 1856, p. 329, it is recorded by the Rev. D. R. Thomas that there is an erect stone at the distance of about 100 yards from the path leading across the fields to the farmhouse, and in the second field from the river, having an inscription (although illegible) on the east side. The top has evidently been broken off, and near the foot of it lie fragments, which with little trouble, and as little expense, may yet be restored to their original position. I am inclined to think a cross will be found inscribed upon it.'

PENNANT MELANGELL, NEAR LLANGYNOD.-In the churchyard, in addition to the sculpture in front of the gallery representing the history of St. Monacella, is her effigy, together with the effigy of a male figure inscribed HIC JACET ETWÁRT.

LLANARMON DYFFRYN.-In the churchyard (forty yards west of the church) is the tumulus (supposed to be the sepulchre of St. Germanus); and in the church of LLANWNNOG is the effigy of St. Gwynnocus, or Winnocus.

THE CANTLIN STONE.-This stone, at the southern extremity of the county of Montgomery, is marked in the Ordnance Map between Kerry Hill and Clun Forest, and was stated, in a letter addressed to me by S. W. Williams, Esq., of Pemalley House, Rhayader, as being a large upright cross covered with interlaced work and ornamental designs. After several vain attempts to find this stone made by George E. Robinson, Esq., one of the Secretaries of the Cambrian Archæological Association, he succeeded, in October, 1878, in finding it one and a-half miles away from the spot marked on the Ordnance Survey, and he informs me that it is a cross with pseudo-druidic embellishments of twining serpents, eggs, and seeds, erected about twenty-two years ago to mark the grave of some eccentric benefactor of the neighbourhood, and at its foot is a slab bearing the following inscription:

'WC BURIED HERE 1691. DIED AT BETUS.'

It is difficult of approach, and not less than 2500 feet high up the mountain.

MERIONETHSHIRE.

THE ROMAN STONES FROM TOMMEN Y MUR.

PLATE LXXIV. FIGS. 1, 2, 3 & 4.

These stones, with the two following, were brought from Tommen y Mur (the site of the Roman station Heriri Mons1), and are now built up in the terrace wall of Tan y bwlch Hall, near Festiniog. They measure 12 inches by 10, the letters being rustic Roman capitals 2 inches high, as indicated by the tall and narrow form of the letters, the short top and bottom cross-strokes of the E's, and the peculiar formed R.

The first and second of these stones has simply the inscription ) PERPETUI P. XX and XXI,

that is, 'Centuria Perpetui, passus viginti,' and 'viginti et unus,' indicating so many steps or yards of work built by the centurion Perpetuus; whilst in the third and fourth stones the same formula (indicating twenty-two and thirty-five as the number of steps done) is preceded by IVL,' i. e. Centuria Julii. See Arch. Camb., 1871, pp. 197-200 on these inscriptions and the amount of work recorded by them to have been done.

PLATE LXXVIII. FIG. 3.

This fragment of a very fine Roman inscription contains only the letters PR and portion of an o, with apparently part of an o or в in an upper line. The letters are 1 For an account of the Roman station, see the Rev. E. L. Barnwell's article in Arch. Camb., 1871, p. 190.