on what condition it is true.

Notice also that a

Negative is expressed or implied in the Qualified

Clause.

(1)

EXAMPLES.

Never morning

Wore to evening but some heart did break.

(2) None but the brave deserve the fair.

(i.e. unless the brave deserve the fair.)

(3) Your uncle must not know but you are dead. (i.e. must not know anything unless he know that you are dead.)

(4) 'Tis but thy name that is my enemy.

(i.e. it is nothing unless it is thy name.)

78. In the following the notion of condition disappears, "but" being used either to contradict a probable conclusion, or for the sake of Contrast or simply for Emphasis.

EXAMPLES.

(1) The pain be mine, but thine shall be the praise.
(2)

For the gay beams of lightsome day

Gild, but to flout, those ruins grey.

(i.e. not to beautify, but...)

(3)

Alone stood brave Horatius,

But constant still in mind.

(4) For his wrath endureth but the twinkling of an eye.

(5)

Well, well, I see

I talk but idly, and you laugh at me.

III.

79. Elliptical Clauses are Clauses in which there is an Ellipsis (or Omission) of certain words which are understood, and which are necessary to complete the Construction of the Clause.

EXAMPLES ANALYSED.

[The words or clauses in italics are understood.] (1) My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep.

(2) There lies a vale in Ida lovelier
Than all the valleys of Ionian hills.

(3) With sloping masts and dipping prow,
As who pursued with yell and blow,
Still treads the shadow of his foe,

And forward bends his head,
The ship drove fast.

(4) Whereat his horse did snort, as he
Had heard a lion roar.

if he had heard a lion roar might snort Adv. Condit.

80.

IV.

But unsubstantial form eludes her grasp
As often as that eager grasp was made.

Strictly speaking, the Dependent Clause is, "as that eager grasp was made," which is a Modal Clause qualifying the first "as." It is, however, usual to take the Dependent Clause thus: "As often as that eager grasp was made," as a Temporal Clause qualifying "eludes."

The same applies to the expressions “in order that” (Final), "provided that" (Conditional), "even if" (Concessive), and others.

EXERCISES

PARTS OF SPEECH.

NOTE. It is of course advisable that the learner should be practised vivâ voce in picking out the Parts of Speech from any reading-book in use. A few Exercises are here given for written work, which can be supplemented to any extent until the Parts of Speech are thoroughly known.

(See 2, 6, 7.) Pick out the Names of Persons or Things in the following, stating what kind of name each is:

It was late on a summer evening at the end of July. The sun had set, and the starving people of Londonderry were just coming out of the Cathedral, where they had been listening to the preacher who tried to comfort their despairing hearts. Just then the sentinels on the tower caught sight of three sails making their way up the mouth of the river. The besiegers, too, had seen them, and were on the watch all along the banks of the river. The ships were in great danger. There was little water in the river, and they could only get along slowly. But Leake, the commander of the men-at-war, protected the other ships as well as he could, and answered the fire of the Irish on the banks with his guns. Across the river the Irish had made a great boom of wood to prevent ships from sailing up. Browning's ship dashed boldly at the boom, which

cracked and gave way; but the ship, as it bounded back from the shock, stuck in the mud. The Irish shouted with triumph, and, rushing to their boats, prepared to board her. But Leake, by the fire from his ship, disturbed them for the moment, and the third ship passed safely through the broken boom. At the very moment when he was carrying deliverance to his fellow-townsmen, a ball struck Browning, and he died with the knowledge that he had saved Londonderry. It was already dark when the ships passed the boom, but the flash and noise of the guns had told the besieged what was going on. They had waited in terrible anxiety; and when at ten o'clock the ships reached the quay, the whole town was there to greet them, and watch the unloading of the stores of provisions that had come to put an end to their hunger. That night bonfires blazed along the walls, and the church bells rang out merry peals in answer to the guns of the besiegers. For three days the besiegers continued their attack; but on the third night flames were seen rising from their camp, and when morning dawned their huts stood deserted and blackened with smoke, whilst in the distance the retreating army could be seen. The siege had lasted a hundred and five days. Londonderry has never forgotten it, and on a lofty pillar rising from her walls may be seen a statue of Walker, who so bravely kept up the courage of his countrymen in those terrible days.

(See 2, 9.) Pick out the Adjectives in the following, stating what kind of Adjective each is, and what Substantive it qualifies. Arrange thus:

ADJECTIVE.

QUALIFIED SUBSTANTIVE.

DESCRIPTION.

A thousand bright lamps shone o'er that high festival. It was impossible to go back. Their feet were bare. Vacovia was a miserable place, and the soil was so im