Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, Lousbergstrasse 3, Aachen, Germany. D. EXCHANGES TO BE ADDED IF POSSIBLE. American Journal of Science, New Haven, Conn. Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig, Germany. Liebig's Annalen der Chemie, Leipzig, Germany. Leipziger Färber Zeitung, Leipzig, Germany. Annalen der Physik and Chemie (Wiedmann), Leipzig, Germany. Monatshefte für Chemie, Wien, Austria. Philosophical Magazine, London, England. Dingler's Polytechnisches Journal, Stuttgart, Germany. Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie, Wiesbaden, Germany. Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie, Hamburg, Germany. Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie, Leipzig, Germany. Zeitschrift für physiologische Chemie, Strassburg, Germany. 'Zeitschrift für Untersuchung der Nahrungs-Genussmittel, Münster i. W., Germany. Annales de Chimie et de Physique, Paris, France. Berg. und Hüttenmännische Zeitung, Leipzig, Germany. Royal Society, London, England. Philosophical Society, Cambridge, England. Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas, Leyden, Netherlands. Annales de l' Ecole polytechnique, Delft, Netherlands. The above report of the Committee on Exchanges has been approved, and the president, the editor, and the librarian have been appointed a committee to carry out these recommendations. The council has directed that discretionary power be and is hereby given to the editor, upon the approval of the president in each case, to furnish authors of papers published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society such additional reprints of their papers as may be desired. The Chemical Publishing Company has been awarded the contract to reprint 500 copies of Vol. XV, No. 2, at $1.20 per page. 1 This Journal has requested exchange. NAMES PROPOSED FOR MEMBERSHIP. Burnside, Chas. F., 2020 F St., Washington, D. C. Carpenter, Frank B., Cranshaw Warehouse, Richmond, Va. Carr, Robert F., 145 Van Buren St., Chicago, Ill. Doyle, Aida M., 1902 Third St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Gronemeyer, Herman H., 731 Giddings Ave., Cleveland, O. Hoff, Karl, 608 E. 4th St., Anaconda, Mont. Kelley, Wm. E., 23 Van Piper Ave., Jersey City, N. J. Macfarlane, Thomas, Lab. Inland Revenue Dept., Ottawa, Canada. McKelvey, J. William, 813 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N. J. Pierce, Edward W., 1529 Fairmount Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. Smith, Albert W., Case School of Applied Science, Cleveland, O. Smith, E. A., Montana Hotel, Anaconda, Mont. NAMES PROPOSED FOR ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP. Ames, George E., 119 Hall St., Lowell, Mass. NEW MEMBERS ELECTED JUNE 25, 1898. Goodrich, Arthur L., A 1 Berwick Park, Boston, Mass. Merigold, Benjamin S., 67 Thayer Hall, Cambridge, Mass. Seidensticker, Lewis J., 95 Inman St., Cambridge, Mass. CHANGES OF ADDRESS. Bevier, Isabel, Plymouth, O. Cooke, A. H., Eugenia, Ore. Engle, W. D., Litchfield, Mich. Fuelling, Jno. L., 6514 Kimbark Ave., Chicago, Ill. Hall, C. A., Sault Ste Marie, Mich. Hall, L. B., Lincoln, Loudoun Co., Va. Hughes, R. M., Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. Pennington, Mary E., 3908 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa. Scudder, Heyward, 21 East 22d St., New York City. Sedding, Geo. H. P., Florida Syndicate, Jacksonville, Fla. Shepherd, Frank I., Kyle, Butler Co., O. Sidener, C. F., Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis, Minn. Stillwell, J. S., 18 St. Windmill St., Piccadilly Circus, London, W., England. Venable, F. P., Charlottesville, Va. MEETINGS OF THE SECTIONS. CINCINNATI SECTION. The May meeting of the Cincinnati Section took place Tuesday, May 17th, in the chemical lecture room of Hanna Hall, University Buildings, with sixteen members present, and Prof. O. W. Martin in the chair. A communication was read by the secretary wherein the resolution adopted by the section at the January meeting regarding the outline of its territory, was referred back by the council to the section for reconsideration. A special committee was appointed, with power to act, in behalf of the section. Mr. George W. Fuller postponed for a future occasion his paper on Problems in Water Purification." Prof. Louis A. Bauer, of the University of Cincinnati, addressed the meeting on the subject of the "Physical and Chemical Application of the Principle of the Increase of Entropy." An abstract of this instructive address may be given as follows: Two fundamental principles dominate the theory of heat, the principle of the conservation of energy and the principle of the increase of entropy. The definition of the latter principle was illustrated by the example of the expansion of a given volume of a gas into a vacuum, whereby the energy contents remain the same while the entropy is increased. There are questions which the energy principle fails to answer; e. g., whether heat flows of its own accord from a hotter body to a colder or vice versa. The direction in which a process can be carried out is prescribed by the second principle. The entropy principle is in fact the one which heat phenomena first obey. In the case of heat conduction, when the flow of heat has taken place in accordance with the entropy principle, then the energy principle asserts itself and says that the amount of heat energy lost by the one body must be precisely equal to that gained by the other. The second principle determines the equilibria conditions in any physical or chemical process as far as they are dependent on heat. Like the energy principle, the entropy principle cannot be mathematically deduced, but must be based upon a fundamental fact of experience. Entropy, like energy, is independent of the path. With the aid of this property of entropy we can express the difference between the two specific heats (constant pressure and constant volume) in terms of quantities that can be experimentally determined. This equation will furnish, therefore, an experimental test of the existence of the entropy function for any particular substance. Various natural processes were discussed and it was shown that the total entropy invariably increased. In applying the entropy principle, care must be taken to sum up the entropy changes of all the bodies in any way concerned in the process under consideration. Other principles, such as the principle of the dissipation of energy, for example, will in certain cases determine the course a natural process will take. No principle has, however, thus far been found which admits of such universal application as the entropy principle. With no other concept of the present day can the second fundamental principle of thermodynamics and thermochemistry be so succinctly stated or so powerfully formulated. The attempts of certain physicists to replace the entropy principle by some other one, and the endeavors of some chemists to reach fundamental laws governing thermochemical phenomena without the aid of the entropy principle, have thus far proved failures. The most general statement of the second law is: Every physical or chemical process in nature takes such a course as to increase the total entropy of all the bodies in any way concerned. In the limiting case of ideal or reversible processes, the entropy remains unchanged. The paper concluded with physical and chemical applications of the entropy principle. Prof. Bauer finally expressed the hope that students in chemistry devote more attention to the infinitesimal calculus than has hitherto been the custom. Upon motion the meeting adjourned. NEW YORK SECTION. S. WALDBOTT, Secretary. The regular meeting was held June 3d, in the chemical lecture room of the College of the City of New York, at 8.15 P.M., Dr. Wm. McMurtrie presiding. The following papers were read: F. J. Pope, "A Preliminary Note on the Titaniferous Magnetites of Eastern Ontario." E. J. Levine, "A Comparison of Some Methods Used for the Determination of Starch." C. H. Fulton, "The Assay of Telluride Ores." W. S. Meyers, "Note on a Convenient Method for Maintaining Reduction of Ferrous Solutions." C. F. McKenna, "Slag Cements." G. L. Heath, "A Short Study of Methods for the Estimation of Sulphur in Coal." The officers for the ensuing year were elected as follows: Dr. Wm. McMurtrie, chairman; Durand Woodman, secretary and treasurer; A. A. Breneman, A. C. Hale, C. A. Doremus, executive committee; E. E. Smith, M. T. Bogert, delegates to the scientific alliance. The elections were unanimous. The report of the secretary showed that nine regular and two special meetings had been held at which thirty-five papers were read, with an average attendance of about fifty. . The treasurer's report was as follows: 276 Average expense per meeting 66 66 member Membership within the fifty-mile radius A unanimous vote of thanks was tendered Dr. Alex. S. Webb and the authorities of the College of the City of New York for all their courtesies. The meeting was then adjourned. DURAND WOODMAN, Secretary. RHODE ISLAND SECTION. The annual meeting of the Rhode Island Section of the American Chemical Society was held at the Hope Club House, Providence, R. I., Thursday, June 16, 1898, with Mr. Edward D. Pearce as presiding officer. At this meeting the following persons were elected for the ensuing year : Edward D. Pearce, presiding officer; Walter |