ILLUSTRATIONS (SELECTED BY O. M. DALTON, M.A., F.S.A.) THE PALACE OF THE PORPHYROGENITUS, CONSTANTINOPLE. The building commonly known by this name, upon the walls of the city, is considered to date from the thirteenth century... From a Photograph by Sebah and Joaillier. Frontispiece PAGE A NAVAL BATTLE, showing the use of Greek fire. From the fourteenth Century MS. of Skylitzes at Madrid ... From a Photograph by M. G. Millet, Collection des Hautes Études, EABLY MOHAMMEDAN ARCHITECTURE: the Mosque of Omar, or Dome of the From a Photograph by Sebah and Joaillier. CAPTURE OF SYRACUSE BY THE SARACENS. From the fourteenth Century ... From a Photograph by M. G. Millet, Collection des Hautes Études. EARLY MOHAMMEDAN ARCHITECTURE: the Mosque of Tulun at Cairo; ninth century... From a Photograph by Sebah and Joaillier. SILK TEXTILE of the eleventh century, with the two-headed eagle which became the Imperial symbol. The stuff formed the shroud of S. Bernardo Calvo, of Vich. Fragments of the original are in the Archiepiscopal Museum at Vich, and in the Kunstgewerbe Museum at Berlin (No. 91,153) ... From a Water-colour by Herr Paul Schulze, of Crefeld, in the Victoria DEFEAT OF THE RUSSIANS BEFORE DRISTRA in the reign of John Zimisces. From a Photograph by M. G. Millet, Collection des Hautes Études, OUR LORD BLESSING OTTO AND THEOPHANO: ivory carving of the late tenth PAGE MOHAMMEDAN ORNAMENT; carved friezes with inscriptions from (1) the Mosque Esh Shaibiyeh at Aleppo A.D. 1150; (2) at Mayafarkin of nearly the same date ... ... ... ... 233 From Photographs taken and kindly lent by Miss Gertrude Lowthian ARAB AND TURKISH COINS 1. Early Arab bronze coin, struck at Tiberias and imitated from coins of Heraclius. 2. Gold Arab coin of the seventh century struck in Africa and imitated from Byzantine Coins. 3. Gold dinar of Harun ar Rashid, Abbassid Caliph, A.D. 786. 4. Silver dirhem of Sulayman II. (Seljūks of Rūm), about A.D. 1200. 5. Bronze coin of Kutb al-din Il Ghāzi (Ortukids of Māridīn), about A.D. 1176. 6. Gold coin of Hūlagū (Mongols of Persia), about A.D. 1256. 7. Silver coin of Orkhan (Othmanli Sultans), about A.D. 1326. 8. Silver coin of Muhammad II. (Othmānli, A.D. 1451-1481) struck at Constantinople. All in the British Museum. THE EMPEROR NICEPHORUS BOTANIATES between St. John Chrysostom and the Archangel Michael. From the MS. of the Homilies of St. John Chrysostom (MS. Coislin 79) written in the second half of the eleventh century and offered to the Emperor ... After H. Omont, Facsimiles des Miniatures des plus anciens Manuscrits, WEST END OF THE COURT, GREAT MOSQUE OF DIARBEKR (AMIDA). This part of the building was reconstructed, as the inscriptions show, by the Inalids (feudatories of the Seljuks) in A.D. 1124-5. The columns and much of the carved ornament were taken from an earlier building, perhaps a palace, and the old arrangement appears to have been followed From a Photograph taken, and kindly lent, by Miss Gertrude Lowthian Bell. EARLY MOHAMMEDAN ARCHITECTURE: the Mosque at Mayafarkin, attributed to Saladin the Ayyubid, who died in A.D. 1093 268 302 348 368 ... THE EMPEROR FREDERICK II., enlarged from an Augustale in the British From a Photograph taken and kindly lent by Miss Gertrude Lowthian A BULGARIAN RULER: THE TSAR JOHN ALEXANDER AND HIS FAMILY 440 From a Miniature in a Bulgarian Gospel of Aa.d. 1355-6 (Curzon MS. 153) GOLDEN BULLA OF THE EX-EMPEROR BALDWIN II. DE COURTENAY, attached to a document of A.D. 1269 in the British Museum 454 ... PAGE The 480 COURT AND FOUNTAIN OF THE MONASTERY OF LAVRA, MOUNT ATHOS. BIZANTINE HOUSES at Mistra in the Morea, probably of the fourteenth century... From a Photograph taken, and kindly lent, by Mr. Walter S. George. AN ORTHODOX GREEK MONASTERY: Chiliandari on Mount Athos. Though the monasteries of the Holy Mountain have been subjected to continual restorations, they preserve in a great measure the original arrangement, a central church enclosed by other buildings From a Photograph by Paul Zepdji. 508 ... 530 4. Silver coin of Andronicus II. and III. 5. Silver "matapan" of Enrico Dandolo, Doge of Venice (A.D. 1192 THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN CHAPTER LII The two Sieges of Constantinople by the Arabs-Their Invasion of France, and defeat by Charles Martel-Civil War of the Ommiades and Abbassides-Learning of the Arabs -Luxury of the Caliphs-Naval Enterprises on Crete, Sicily, and Rome-Decay and Division of the Empire of the Caliphs-Defeats and Victories of the Greek Emperors W of the conquest HEN the Arabs first issued from the desert, they The limits must have been surprised at the ease and rapidity Arabian of their own success. But, when they advanced in the career of victory to the banks of the Indus and the summit of the Pyrenees, when they had repeatedly tried the edge of their scymetars and the energy of their faith, they might be equally astonished that any nation could resist their invincible arms, that any boundary should confine the dominion of the successor of the prophet. The confidence of soldiers and fanatics may indeed be excused, since the calm historian of the present hour, who strives to follow the rapid course of the Saracens, must study to explain by what means the church and state were saved from this impending and, as it should seem, from this inevitable danger. The deserts of Scythia and Sarmatia might be guarded by their extent, their climate, their poverty, and the courage of the northern shepherds; China was remote and inaccessible; but the greatest part of the temperate VOL. VI.-1 |