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CHAPTER V.
The Northmen-Discovery and Settlement of Iceland-
Of Greenland-Danish Colony-Native Inhabitants of
Greenland-Strongly attached to their Country-Love
of Country a universal Sentiment-Described by Gold-
smith
54
CHAPTER VI.
College of Missions-Religion of Northern Europe before
and after the Reformation-Mr. Egede-Mission_to
Greenland-Reception of Europeans in Greenland-In-
structions of Mr. Egede-Arctic Tribes of Europe, Asia,
and America-Features of the Country-Icebergs-
Avalanches-Duration of Day and Night-Aurora Bo-
realis
• 60
CHAPTER VII.
Scant Provision in Arctic Countries for Human Subsistence
-Abundance of Tropical Regions-One part of the
Globe contributes to supply other parts-Personal Habits
of Greenlanders-Their Dwellings-Domestic Accommo-
dations.
68
CHAPTER VIII.
The Seal-Uses of Brute Animals to Mankind-Men's and
Women's Boats, used by Arctic People-Seal-catching
Bears-Dogs
CHAPTER IX.
75
Domestic Manners of the Greenlanders-Education in
Greenland-Employments of Females-Domestic Habits
-Hospitality, and social Intercourse of Greenlanders-
Their Judicial Proceedings, and Public Amusements 82
Greenlanders had no Idols-They reasoned concerning
natural Religion-Their Deities-Fable of the Sun and
Moon-Notions of Heaven and Hell-Respect for the
Dead-Lament for a young Greenlander-Their Sciences,
Numbers, and Medicine 90
CHAPTER XI.
Influence of Christianity in the Formation of national Char-
acter-Count Zinzendorf-Moravian Missions-Slow
Progress of Missionaries in Greenland-Final Success of
the Missionaries-Wise Policy of the Danish Govern-
ment in respect to the Greenlanders-Spanish Policy
unhappily contrasted-Story of Anningait and Ajut 96
CHAPTER XII.
Expeditions of Ross and Parry-Arctic Highlanders-En-
terprise of Parry and Lyon-Esquimaux of Hudson's
Bay Coast-Snow Houses-Manners and Customs of
the Esquimaux-Pursuit of the Deer-The Esquimaux
attack the Whale and the Bear-Show Kindness to
Strangers-Exhibit the Faults and Virtues of primitive
Greenlanders
115
CHAPTER XIII.
Limits of the United States-Maritime Character of Britain
-Of the United States-Maritime Genius of the Eng-
lish not developed while the Nation was engaged in Civil
Warfare and in Disputes with France-Italians, Leaders
of commercial Enterprise in Europe-Henry VII. pa-
tronises Cabot-Cabot discovers America-English dis-
continue Western Discovery for a Century, and extend
their Continental Trade-Gaspar Cortereal discovers
Labrador-Himself and Brothers perish miserably—
Francis I. of France sends Verazzano to America-That
Navigator's Adventures and Death
. 127
CHAPTER XIV.
Jaques Cartier discovers the Gulf of St. Lawrence-Makes
a second Voyage to America-Cartier explores the St.
Lawrence to Hochelaga, now Montreal-Donnaconna,
an Indian King-Face of the Country-Natives indus-
trious and friendly-Superstitions-Finally become hos-
tile to the French-Roberval associates with Cartier--
The former lost at Sea-Spanish Discoveries on the
Western Coast-Hurtado-Ulloa and Alarchon-Span-
ish Discovery terminates at the Oregon River
CHAPTER XV.
138
English Discoveries in America resumed-Martin Frobisher
makes three Voyages to America-Meta Incognita-Why
fabled to be another Peru or El Dorado-Frobisher's last
Enterprise fails-His subsequent History and Death-
John Davis-His Humanity-His Discoveries-Henry
Hudson-His Polar Voyage-Character of the Dutch-
They engage the Services of Hudson--Hudson discovers
Delaware Bay, and the Country of New-Nether-
lands
150
CHAPTER XVI.
Hudson's last Expedition-His timid and treacherous Crew
-His Discovery of the Strait and Gulf called by his
Name-Mutiny against Hudson-Treachery and Cruelty
of the Mutineers--Their Folly, and consequent Misery
-Violent Death of several of them-Misfortunes of the
Survivers--Righteous Retribution manifest in their Fate
-Discoveries of Baffin-His Track of Discovery pur-
sued after two Centuries by Ross, Parry, and Lyon-
Russian America, &c. remain to be described
CHAPTER XVII.
163
Arctic Regions abound in Animal Life-The Whale of great Service to Man-Different Species of Whales- The Whale-fishery of great Antiquity-The North-
men and Basques Whale-fishers-Dutch discover Spitz-
bergen-Dutch and English quarrel in respect to the
Whale-fishery-Manner of taking the Whale-Danger of
Whale-fishery
172
CHAPTER XVIII.
Settlement of Canada and Nova Scotia-Champlain,
Founder of Quebec, ascends the St. Lawrence-Mutual
Ill-will of French and English Colonists in America—
The Acadians a virtuous People-Cruel Treatment of
the English Government to the Acadians-History of
Le Blane-French War, so called-Canadian Hunt-
ers
180
CHAPTER XIX.
The Mississippi discovered-Roman Catholic Missionaries
great Travellers-La Salle navigates the Mississippi-
Returns to France-Louisiana settled by French Colo-
nists-Ceded to Spain-Restored to France-Purchased
by the United States-The Extent of Louisiana-Its
Divisions of Territory-Inhabitants, Law, and Social
Condition-New-Orleans visited by Lafayette-Father
Antonio Mississippi River described-The English cul-
tivate the Friendship of Russia-Czar Peter-Discov-
eries of Behring-Captain Cook's Discoveries-Those
of Meares, Vancouver, and Kotzebue-Russian Amer-
ica 193
CHAPTER XX.
Hudson's Bay Company-Expedition of Mr. Hearne-
Indians unfaithful to Mr. Hearne-Matonabbee-Service-
ableness of Indian Women to Travellers-Mr. Hearne's
Perseverance-He discovers the Coppermine River-
Sees the Arctic Ocean-Completes his third Journey-
Mr. Hearne's Discoveries important to Geographical
Science
210
.
CHAPTER XXI.
Sir Alexander Mackenzie-His Enterprise undertaken 1789
-Dog-ribbed Indians-Their Appearance, Dress, and
Weapons-Mackenzie's second Journey-His Canoe-
Rocky Mountain Indians-Their Reception of the
Strangers-Their Houses-Mackenzie more fortunate
than Hearne-Mackenzie discovers Mackenzie's River-
Records his Name on a Rock of the Arctic Ocean-
Returns to European Settlements
CHAPTER XXII.
215
Importance of the Discoveries of Hearne and Mackenzie
-Captain Franklin's Expeditions-First and second-
Captain Franklin's Residence at the Great Bear Lake-
His School-Sunday observed by the Company-Their
Harmony and Happiness-Esquimaux seen by Captain
Franklin-Dr. Richardson's Expedition-Return to Can-
ada-Captain Beechey-Docs not meet Franklin-Both
return to England-Conclusion of Tales from American
History
222