477.

Mingrelia. See Colchos.

Minority, two diftinctions of, in the Roman
law, iii. 100. note.

Miracles, those of Chrift and his apostles,
cfcaped the notice of the heathen philo-
fophers and hiftorians, i. 525. Account
of those wrought by the body of St.
Stephen, iii. 83.

Miraculous powers of the primitive church,
an enquiry into, i. 481.

Mifitheus, chief minifter and father-in-law

of the third Gordian, his character, i.
194.

Mfopogon of the emperor Julian, on what

occafion written, ii. 348.

Mifforium, or great golden difh of Adolphus
king of the Visigoths, hiftory of, iii.

216.

Mawiyah, affumes the title of caliph, and
makes war againft Ali, v. 212. His cha-
rater and reign, 213. Lays fiege to
Conftantinople, 318.

Madar, prince of the Amali, feduced by the
emperor Theodofius, turns his arms
against his own countrymen, ii. 520.
Moguls, primitive, their method of treat-
ing their conquered enemies, iii. 312.
Reign and conquefts of Zingis, vi. 267.
Conquefts of his fucceffors, 275. See
Tamerlane.

Moguntiacum, the city of, surprised by the
Alemanni, ii 429.

Mokawkas the Egyptian, his treaty with
the Saracen Amrou, v. 272.

Monarchy defined, i. 61. Hereditary, ri
diculous in theory, but falutary in fact,
171. The peculiar objects of cruelty
and of avarice under, ii. 51.
Monaftic inftitutions, the feeds of, fown by
the primitive Chriftians, i. 491. Origin,
progrefs, and confequences of, iii. 430.
Money, the ftandard and computation of,
under Conftantine the Great, and his
fucceffors, ii. 56. note.

Monks have embellished the fufferings of
the primitive martyrs by fictions, i.
553-

Character of, by Eunapius, iii. 80.
By Rutilius, 108. Origin and history
of, 430. Their industry in making
profelytes, 436. Their obedience, 438.
Their dress and habitations, 439. Their
diet, 440. Their manual labour, 442.
Their riches, 443. Their folitude, 444.
Their devotion and visions, 445. Their
divifion into the claffes of Coenobites and
Anachorets, 446.

~~, Suppreffion of at Conftantinople, by
Conftantine V. v. 85.

Monophyfites of the East, hiftory of the fe&t
of, iv. 506.

Monothelite controverly, account of, iv.

493:

Montefquieu, his description of the military
government of the Roman empire, i.
196. His opinion that the degrees of
freedom in a state are measured by tax-
ation, controverted, ii. 51.

Montius, quæftor of the palace, is fent by
the emperor Conftantius, with Domi-
tian, to correct the administration of
Gallus in the Eaft, ii. 110. Is put to
death there, ill.

Moors of Barbary, their miferable poverty,
iv. 124. Their invafion of the Roman
province punished by Solomon the Eu
nuch, 131.

Morea is reduced by the Turks, vi. 474.
Morofini, Thomas, elected patriarch of
Conftantinople by the Venetians, vi.

164.

Motaffem, the laft caliph of the Saracens,
his wars with the Greek emperor The-
ophilus, v. 358. Is killed by the Mo-
guls, vi. 278.

Maurzoufte, ufurps the Greek empire, and
deftroys Ifaac Angelus, and his fon
Alexius, vi. 150. Is driven from Con-
ftantinople by the Latins, 153. His
death, 168.

Maufa, the fon of Bajazet, invested with
the kingdom of Anatolia, by Tamer-
lane, vi. 327. His reign, 339.
Mozarabes, in the hiftory of Spain, explain-
ed, v. 312.

Municipal cities, their advantages, i. 37.
Muratori, his literary character, vi. 571.

Narbonne is befieged by Theodoric, and re-
lieved by Litorius, iii. 393.
Nacoragan, the Perfian general, his defeat
by the Romans, and cruel fate, iv. 218.
Nafus, battle of, between the emperor
Claudius and the Goths, i. 297.
Naples is befieged and taken by Belifarius,
iv. 141. Extent of the duchy of, under
the exarchs of Ravenna, 370.
Narfes, his embaffy from Sapor king of
Perfia to the emperor Conftantius, ii.
125.

-, King of Perfia, prevails over the
pretenfions of his brother Hormouz, and
expels Tiridates king of Armenia, ii.
378. Overthrows Galerius, 379. Is
furprised and routed by Galerius, 381.
Articles of peace between him and the
Romans, 384.

The Perfian general of the emperor
Maurice, reftores Chofroes 11. king of
Perfia, iv. 450. His revolt against Pho-
cas, and cruel death, 419.

The eunuch, his military promotion,

and diffention with Belifarius, iv. 161,
His character and expedition to Italy,
247. Battle of Tagina, 250. Takes
Rome, 252. Reduces and kills Teias,
the last king of the Goths, 253. Defeats
the Franks and Alemanni, 257. Go-
verns Italy in the capacity of exarch,
259. His difgrace and death, 357.
Naulobatus, a chief of the Heruli, enters
into the service, and is made conful, i.
274.

Navy of the Roman empire described, i. 18.
Nazarene church at Jerufalem, account of,
i. 461.

Nazarius the Pagan orator, his account of
miraculous appearances in the sky in
favour of Conftantine the Great, ii.
164.

Nebridius, prætorian præfect in Gaul, is
maimed and fuperfeded, by his indif

creet oppofition to the troops of Julian,

ii. 272.

Negroes of Africa, evidence of their intel
fectual inferiority to the rest of man-
kind, ii. 446.

Necla ius is chofen archbishop of Conftan-
tinople, iii. 20.

Nennius, his account of the arrival of the

Saxons in Britain, different from that
of Gildas, Bede, and Witikind, iii. 523.

note.

Nepos, Julius, is made emperor of the West
by Leo the Great, iii. 418.

Nepotian, account of his revolt in Italy,

11. 101.

Nero, perfecutes the Chriftians as the in-
cendiaries of Rome, i. 541.
Nerva, emperor, his character, and pru-
dent adoption of Trajan, i. 76.
Neftorius, archbishop of Conftantinople, his
character, iv 461. His herefy concern.
ing the incarnation, 463. His difpute
with Cyril of Alexandria, 464. Is con-
demned, and degraded from his epifco-
pal dignity by the council of Ephefus,
467. Is exiled, 471. His death, 472.
His opinions ftill retained in Perfia,
498. Miffions of his difciples in the
Eaft Indies, 501.

Nevers, John count of, difaftrous fate of
him and his party at the battle of Nico-
polis, vi. 301.

Nice, becomes the capital refidence of ful-
tan Soliman, v. 552. Siege of, by the
crufaders, vi. 39.
Nicephorus 1. emperor of Conftantinople, v.
21. His wars with the Saracens, 350.
His death, 443-

Nicephorus

Nicephorus 11. Phocas, emperor of Conftanti-
nople, v. 38. His military enterprises,

37I.

III. Botaniates, emperor of Conftan-
tinople. v. 49. Was raised to the throne
by fultan Soliman, 551
Nicetas, fenator of Conftantinople, his flight
on the capture of the city by the Latins,
vi. 156. His brief history, 158. note.
His account of the ftatues destroyed at
Conftantinople, ibid.
Nicholas, patriarch of Conftantinople, op-
pofes the fourth marriage of the empe-
ror Leo the philofopher, v. 35.

V. pope, his character, vi. 396.
How interested in the fall of Conftan-
tinople, 441.

Nicomedia, the court of Diocletian held
there, and the city embellished by him,
i. 388. The church of, demolished by
Diocletian, 581. His palace fired, 583.
Nicopalis, battle of, between fultan Baja-
zet, and Sigifmond king of Hungary,
vi. 299.

Nika, the fedition of, at Conftantinople,

iv. 54.

Nineveh, battle of, between the emperor
Heraclius, and the Perfians, iv. 439.
Nifibis, the city of, defcribed, and its ob-
ftinate defence against the Persians, ii.
89. Is yielded to Sapor by treaty, 385.
Nizam, the Perfian vizir, his illustrious
character and unhappy fate, v. 548.
Noah, his ark very convenient for refolv-
ing the difficulties of Mofaic antiquari-
ans, i. 223.

Nobiliffimus, a title invented by Conftantine
the Great, to diftinguish his nephew
Hannibalianus, ii. 72.
Noricum defcribed, i. 23.

Normans, their fettlement in the province
of Normandy in France, v. 478. Their
introduction to Italy, ib. They serve
in Sicily, 481. They conquer Apulia,
482. Their character, 483. Their
treaty with the pope, 487.
Novatians are exempted by Conftantine the
Great, in a particular edict from the
general penalties of herefy, ii. 193. Are
cruelly perfecuted by Macedonius bishop
of Conftantinople, 249.

Novels of Juftinian, how formed, and their
character, iv. 305.

Noureddin, fultan, his exalted character,

father in the empire, in conjunction
with his brother Carinus, i. 350.
Numidia, its extent at different æras of the
Roman history, i. 26.

Oafis, in the deferts of Lybia, defcribed,
iii. 247. note. Three places under this
name pointed out, iv. 472. note.
Obedience, paffive, theory and practice of the
Christian Doctrine of, ii. 154.
Obelisks, Egyptian, the purpose of their
erection, ii. 21.

Oblations to the church, origin of, i. 502.
Obligations, human, the fources of, iv. 329%

Laws of the Romans refpecting, ibid.
Odenathur, the Palmyrene, his fuccefsful
oppofition to Sapor king of Perfia, i.
Is affociated in the empire by
Gallienus, 285. Character and fate of
his queen Zenobia, 310.

280.

Odin, the long reign of his family in Swe-
den, i. 230. note. His hiftory, 248.
Odoacer the first Barbarian king of Italy,
iii. 421. His character and reign, 427-
Refigns all the Roman conquefts beyond
the Alps, to Euric king of the Vifigoths,
475. Is reduced and killed by Theodo-
ric the Oftrogoth, iv. 10.

Obud, battle of, between Mahomet and

Abu Sophian prince of Mecca, v. 188.
Olga, princefs of Ruffia, her baptism, v.
467.

Olive, its introduction into the western
world, i. 54.

Olybius is raised to the Western empire by
count Ricimer, iii. 416.

Olympic, games compared with the tourna-
ments of the Gaths, vi. 27.
Olympiodorus his account of the magnifi-
cence of the city of Rome, iii, 170. His
account of the marriage of Adolphus
king of the Vifigoths, with the princess
Placidia, 215.

Olympius, favourite of the emperor Hono-
rius, alarms him with unfavourable fuf,
picions of the defigns of Stilicho, iii.
154. Caufes Stilicho to be put to death,
156. His difgrace, and ignominious
death, 193.
Omar, caliph of the Saracens, v. 258. His
character, 225. His journey to Jeru-
falem, 259.

Ommiyah, elevation of the house of, to the
office of caliph of the Saracens, v. 213.
Why not the objects of public favour,
334. Deftruction of, 336.

Oracles,

Oracles, Heathen, are filenced by Conftan-
tine the Great, ii. 255.
Orchan, emir of the Ottomans, his reign,
vi. 289 Marries the daughter of the
Greck emperor Cantacuzene, 293.
Ordination of the clergy in the early ages of
the church, an account of, ii. 179.
Oreftes is fent ambaffador from Attila king
of the Huns, to the emperor Theodofius
the Younger, iii. 322. His history and
promotion under the Western emperors,
419. His fon Auguftulus, the laft em-
perer of the West, 420.

Prætor of Egypt, is infulted by a
monkish mob in Alexandria, iv 460.
Origen declares the number of primitive
martyrs to be very inconfiderable, i.
555. His conference with the empress
Mammæa, 569. His memory perfe-
cuted by the emperor Juftinian and his
clergy, iv. 490.

Orleans befieged by Attila king of the
Huns, and relieved by Ætius and Theo-
doric, 346.

Ofus, bishop of Cordova, his great influ-
ence with Conftantine the Great, ii.
167. note. Prevails on Conftantine to
satify the Nicene creed, 218. Is with
difficulty prevailed on to concur in de..
pofing Athanafius, 235.

frhone, the fmall kingdom of, reduced
by the Romans, i. 212.
Offian, his poems, whether to be connected
with the invafion of Caledonia by the
emperor Severus, i. 133. Is faid to
have difputed with a Christian miffio-
nary, 519. note.

Oftia, the port of, defcribed, iii. 196.
Othman, caliph of the Saracens, v. 208.

the father of the Ottomans, his
reign, vi. 288.

Otho I king of Germany, reftores and ap-
propriates the Western empire, v. 118.
Claims by treaty the nomination of the
pope of Rome, 122. Defeats the Turks,

P

Pacatus, his encomium on the emperor
Theodofius the Great, iii, 36.
Paderafty, how punished by the Scatinian
law, iv. 340. By Juftinian, 342.
Pagan, derivation and revolutions of the
term, ii. 257. note.

Paganism, the ruin of, fufpended by the
divifions among the Chriftians, ii. ib.
Theological fyftem of the emperor Ju-
lian, 301.

General review of the ecclefiaf-
tical establishment and jurifdiction of,
before it was fubverted by Christianity,
iii. 59. Is renounced by the Roman
fenate, 65. The Pagan facrifices pro-
hibited, 75. The temples demolished,
77. The ruin of, deplored by the fo-
phifts, 80. Pagan ceremonies revived
in Chriftian churches, 86.
Paleologus, Conftantine, Greck emperor, his

reign, vi. 424. Is killed in the form
of Conftantinople by the Turks, 463.
Palæologus, John, emperor of Conftanti-
nople, vi. 247. Marries the daughter
of John Cantacuzene, 254.
Takes
up arms against Cantacuzene, and is
reduced to flight, 256. His reftora-
tion, 257. Difcord between him and
his fons, 303. His treaty with pope
Innocent VI. 355. His vifit to pope
Urban V. at Rome, 356.

Palæologus, John II. Greek emperor, his
zeal, vi. 367. His voyage to Italy,
370.

Paleologus, Manuel, affociated with his fa
ther John in the Greek empire. vi. 303.
Tribute exacted from him by fultan
Bajazet, 305. His treaties with Soli-
man and Mahomet, the fons of Bajazet
VI. 342. His vifit to the courts of
Europe, 358. Private motives of his
European negociations explained, 365.
His death, 366.

Palæol gus, Michael, emperor of Nice, his
brief replies to the negociations of
Baldwin II. emperor of Conftantino-
ple, vi. 188. His family and charac-
ter, 210. His elevation to the throne,
212. His return to Conftantinople,
215. Blinds and banishes his young
affociate. John Lafcaris, 216.
He is
excommunicated by the patriarch Arfe-
nius, 217. Affociates his fon Andro-
nicus in the empire, 220. His union
with the Latin church, ib. Inftigates
the revolt in Sicily. 227.

Palatines

Palatines and Borderers, origin and nature
of these diftinctions in the Roman
troops, ii. 39.

Palermo taken by Belifarius by stratagem,
iv. 138.

Palestine, a character of, i. 25.

Palladium of Rome, defcribed, iii. 60. note.
Palladius, the notary, fent by Valentian
to Africa to inquire into the govern-
ment of count Romanus, connives
with him in oppreffing the province,
ii. 442.

Palmyra, defcription of and its deftruc-
tion by the emperor Aurelian, i. 314.
Panatius was the firft teacher of the Stoic
philofophy at Rome, iv. 293. note.
Pandects, of Juftinian, how formed, iv.

299.

Panhyperfebaftos, import of that title in the
Greek empire, v. 391.
Pannonia defcribed, i. 23.

Pantheon at Rome, by whom erected, i.
45. note. Is converted into a Christian
church, iii. 69.

Pantomimes, Roman, defcribed, iii. 184.
Paper, where and when the manufacture
of, was first found out, v. 238.
Papinian, the celebrated lawyer, created
prætorian præfect, by the emperor Se-
verus, i. 127. His death, 138.
Papirius, Caius, reafons for concluding that
he could not be the author of the Jus
Patirianum, iv. 278. note.
Papifts, proportion their number bore to
that of the Proteftants in England, at
the beginning of the last century, ii.
157. note.

Para, king of Armenia, his hiftory, ii.
449. Is treacherously killed by the
Romans, 451.

Parabolani of Alexandria, account of, iv.
459. note.

Paradife, Mahomet's, defcribed, v. 176.
Paris, defcription of that city, under the
government of Julian, ii. 146. Situ
ation of his palace, 264. note.
Parthia, fubdued by Artaxerxes king of
Perfia, i. 209. Its conftitution of go-
vernment fimilar to the feudal fyftem
of Europe. ib. Recapitulation of the
war with Rome, 210.

man laws. iv. 308. Succeffive limita-
tions of, 310.

Patras, extraordinary deliverance of, from
the Sclavonians and Saracens, v. 382.
Patricians, the order of, under the Roman
republic, and under the emperors, com-
pared, ii. 25. Under the Greek em-
pire, their rank explained, v. 95.
Patrick, the tutelar faint of Ireland, deri-
vation of his name,. iii. 424. note.
Patronage, that of a prince, lefs honour-
able, perhaps, but not lefs lucrative than
that of a bookfeller, vi. 308. note.

Pavia, maffacre of the friends of Stilicho
there, by the infligations of Olympius,
ii. 146. Is taken by Alboin king of
the Lombards, who fixes his refidence
there, iv. 359.

Paul of Samofata, bifhop of Antioch, his
character and history, i. 572.

Paul, archbishop of Conftantinople, his
fatal conteft with his competitor Ma-
cedonius, ii. 246.

Paula, a Roman widow, her illuftrious
defcent, iii. 167. Was owner of the
city of Nicopolis, 170. Her monastic
zeal, 437.

Paulicians, origin and character of, v. 422.
Are perfecuted by the Greek emperors,
426. They revolt, 428. They are re-
duced, and transplanted to Thrace, 430.
Their prefent ftate, 432.

Paulinus, mafter of the offices to Theo-
dofius the Younger, his crime and ex-
ecution, iii. 274.

Pulnus, bishop of Nola, his hiftory,

ii 210.

Paulinus, patriarch of Aquileia, flies from
the Lombards with his treasure, int
the ifland of Grado, iv. 358.
Pegafians, the party of, among the Ro-
man civilians, explained, iv. 296.
Pekin, the city of, taken by Zingis the
Mogul emperor, vi. 272.
Pelagian controverfy agitated by the Latin

clergy, iii. 147. And in Britain, 237.
Pella, the church of the Nazarenes fet-

tled there on the deftruction of Je-
rufalem, i. 462.

Peloponnefus, ftate of, under the Greek
empire, v. 382. Manufactures, 384.

Paftoral manners, much better adapted to
the fiercenefs of war. than to peaceful
innocence, ii. 465.
Paternal authority, extent of, by, the Ro-
VOL. VI.

Y y

revival of, iv. 337, 338.

Pendragon, his office and power in Bri-
tain, iii. 237.

Penitentials, of the Greek and Latin
churches, history of, vi. 19.

Pepin,