The act of June 14, 1935 change of Seminole lands in The act of June 20, 1935 (Public, No. 156, 74th Cong.), transfer approximately 8,320 acres from the Cibola National Forest to the Zuni Indian Reservation.

(Public, No. 135, 74th Cong.), authorizes an exFlorida with the State of Florida.

The act of July 24, 1935 (Public, No. 217, 74th Cong.), amends the act of June 27, 1926 (44 Stat. L., 763) authorizing the creation of wild rice reserves for the benefit of the Indians of Minnesota.

Three important measures passed after the close of the fiscal year:

The Chippewa Cooperative Marketing Act provides for a loan of $100,000 from Chippewa tribal funds to finance the cooperative handling of Chippewa Indian products, including processing, packing, and marketing. The principal product to benefit this year will be the wild rice, of which hundreds of pounds are harvested by the Chippewa Indians each year. The cooperative marketing of wild rice will enable the Chippewas to retain for themselves a greater share of the very large spread between the growers' price and the price to the

consumer.

Government offsets in Indian claims suits.-Section 2 of title 1 of the second deficiency act directed that all gratuitous expenditures for benefit of tribes or bands of Indians should be treated as offsets, and deducted from the gross total of Indian judgments in the Court of Claims. Gratuities expended prior to the date of the treaties or agreement are not to be treated as offsets, nor are the emergency expenditures subsequent to March 4, 1933; but expenditures for land purchased under the Indian Reorganization Act unfortunately are made into offsets. Various suits now pending or authorized are exempted from the language of section 2 of the deficiency bill.

The Arts and Crafts Act passed after the close of the fiscal year, on August 21. An arts and crafts board, to serve without compensation, will be charged with the task of developing and improving the products of Indian handicraft and art, to organize the producers, and to find wider markets for the improved product. The board will also have the power to design Government marks certifying that the article bearing this mark is a genuine Indian product, and to prosecute those who affix such a mark or use imitation labels on products that are not genuine Indian ware.

APPROPRIATIONS

A total of $19,157,064 was appropriated by Congress from the Federal Treasury, which included $2,000,000 for the construction of roads on Indian reservations under the Emergency Construction Act of June 18, 1934. The appropriation from trust funds of Indian tribes was reduced to $1,426,915, a decrease of $852,786 under the appropriation for 1934. For the fiscal year 1936 a total of $29,038,065 has been provided, of which $1,499,933 represents the appropriation from trust funds. This amount includes full restoration of the 15-percent pay cut applied to Federal employees. Also included in the 1936 appropriation are the amounts of $2,500,000 for the establishment of a revolving fund for the purpose of making loans to Indian chartered corporations and $1,000,000 for the acquisition of land, in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act of June 18, 1934. There follows a comparative statement showing appropriations for the Service for the last 4 years:

supple

Specific appropriations from tribal funds were made to ment the foregoing Treasury appropriations as noted in the

The appropriation for 1935 from all funds aggregated $20,583,979. For 1936 this amount is increased by $8,454,086, making the sum available for expenditure $29,038,065. This amount does not include allotments from special funds for Indian emergency conservation work, public works, and other activities in the Indian Service associated with the National Industrial Recovery program.

APPENDIX

INDIAN POPULATION

An Indian, as defined by the Indian Service, includes any person of Indian blood who through wardship, treaty, or inheritance has acquired certain rights. The Census Bureau defines an Indian as a person having Indian blood to such a degree as to be recognized in his community as an Indian. Furthermore, the population enumerated at the Federal agencies is not necessarily domiciled on or near the reservations. It is the population on the agency rolls and includes both reservation and nonreservation Indians. Thus an Indian may be carried on the rolls because of tribal inheritance rights, etc., and may reside anywhere in the United States or in a foreign country. Reports of births and deaths among the absentees are often not received. In many instances certification is made to the State registrars of vital statistics and thus to the Census Bureau, but not to the Indian Service. In a considerable number of cases the addresses of the nonreservation Indians are unknown. For the above reasons the statistics of Indian population as shown in the decennial reports of the Bureau of the Census do not agree with the statistics of the Indian Service.

Full census rolls were not submitted this year. Only rolls of the births and the deaths and all other additions and deductions were returned together with a roll giving the names that would have been added to the 1934 census roll if a new roll for 1935 had been compiled, thereby saving much time in the typing of the census rolls. The tabulation for each reservation was made in the field by the various agencies and assembled as a whole in the Indian Office. This year the census rolls cover the period from April 1, 1934, to January 1, 1935. The change in date was made in order that the work might be more evenly distributed throughout the year; hence, all population statistics are for 9 months.

The total estimated and enumerated number of Indians thus reported on January 1, 1935, was 330,861. This number consists of 235,270 Indians actually enumerated and 95,591 Indians taken from the earlier or special censuses and estimates based on records. The latter number will be considered hereafter as an estimate. (See tabular statement below.)

156

The aggregate estimate and enumerated number of Indians reported by Federal agencies on January 1, 1935, increased by 2,903 over the corresponding figure from April 1, 1934. This increase, however, includes 690 Indians at Quapaw Agency which were added, thereby making the actual increase 2,213 or 0.7 percent for the 9 months.

It is significant that 87.5 percent of the 235,270 enumerated Indians resided at Federal jurisdictions, while only 29,350 or 12.5 percent resided off the reservations.

Oklahoma has far more Indians than any other State. If the Five Civilized Tribes, Miami and Peoria Indians are included, the Indian population of Oklahoma is 95,942, or 29 percent of the aggregate Indian population. Arizona ranks second with 44,524, or 13.5 percent; followed by New Mexico with 35,157, or 10.6 percent; South Dakota with 26,996, or 8.2 percent; and California with 23,814, or 7.2 percent of the total. The other five States with over 10,000 Indian population are in the order named: Montana, Minnesota, Washington, Wisconsin, and North Dakota. The first 5 States represent 68.4 percent of the entire Indian population, while the 10 States with an Indian population of over 10,000 form 88.7 percent of the aggregate Indian population.

Of the enumerated population on January 1, 1935, the most important tribes numerically are the Navajo, Sioux, including the Assiniboin, and Chippewa, numbering 43,555, 34,917, and 25,702, respectively; while in 1930 the same tribes were 40,863, 33,168, and 23,647. The increase from April 1, 1930, to January 1, 1935, for the Navajo tribe being 2,692, or 6.6 percent; for the Chippewa tribe, 2,055, or 8.7 percent; and the Sioux, including the Assiniboin, 1,749, or 5.3 percent.

Formerly the Navajo Indians were under five separate jurisdictions. During the past year all Navajo jurisdictions were consolidated under one Navajo Agency.

This new set-up includes the following former agencies: The part of Hopi Agency occupied by the Navajo Indians and Leupp Agency, in Arizona; Southern Navajo Agency, in Arizona and New Mexico; Western Navajo Agency, in Arizona and Utah; Eastern Navajo and Northern Navajo Agencies, in New Mexico.

Effective July 22, 1935, the Pueblos were all combined under a central agency known as the United Pueblos Agency and will be so shown next year in table 2.

The Indian population not actually enumerated (termed an estimate) is 95,591, which is as follows:

California:

Tulare County Indians, and Indians on Rancheria and public domain allotments, on Apr. 1, 1930, Sacramento Agency-

1, 735

Other Indians under Sacramento Agency but not enumerated on census rolls, 1930 estimate, Sacramento Agency--.

California, Indian census May 16, 1933, not otherwise reported___ Michigan, 1927 census-

8, 761 4,483

1, 192

New York, 1932 estimate..

4, 523

Oklahoma (Five Civilized Tribes, Bureau of the Census, 1930):

511

221

Washington (Taholah Agency), scattered bands, 1932 estimate____
Wisconsin:

Rice Lake Band of Chippewas, special census, July 1930_
Stockbridge Reservation, Keshena Agency, 1910 census.

599

The Indian population in the 24 States and the District of Columbia in which there were no Federal agencies in 1930 was 10,456. Doubtless many of these Indians are duplicated in the columns "Residing elsewhere" in table 2. See the 1933 annual report of the Secretary of the Interior, page 112, table 1.

TABLE 1.-Indian Population by Age, 1930