motion, though not directly opposed, afterwards | member for Windsor, back'd likewise the modropped.*

tion; but as if be designed to expose the member, who, at this juncture, appeared so forward to pay those very troops, which, a few months before, he bad treated as runaways, he said, "That for his part, he had formerly been against that payment, because he had

Motion for paying the Hanoverian Troops, and offering a Reward to apprehend the Pretender.] Aug. 12. Mr. Conyers presented to the House the bill for the better support of his majesty's houshold, &c. and on the second read-been given to understand, in that very house, ing thereof the next day Mr. Horatio Walpole moved, That the committee of the whole house, to whom the said bill was committed, might have power to receive one clause, to enable the Lord Treasurer, or commissioners of the trea sury for the time being, to issue the sum of 65,0221. 8s. 8d. being the arrear due to the troops of Hanover, for their service in the Low Countries in the year 1712, out of the 300,000l. granted in the last session of parliament to her late majesty, towards satisfying the debt due on account to the land forces. And another clause to enable and require the lord high treasurer, &c. to issue out of any money granted by parliament 100,000l. for apprehending the Pretender.

Sir William Wyndham seconded Mr. Walpole in the first clause; and Mr. Shippen, member for Saltash, very ingenuously owned, he had opposed that payment in the late reign, but that he was for it now. Mr. Aldworth,

"The Whigs acted with extraordinary prudence at this crisis; for when the renewal of the civil list was brought into the lower House, the Tories, under pretence of extraordinary zeal for the new government proposed one million, which was 300,000l. more than the revenue of the late queen, but the king's friends, apprehensive that the Tories acted insidiously either with a view to conciliate favour, or for the purpose of reproaching him afterwards, as oppressing the nation by a higher revenue than his predecessor had enjoyed, did not second the motion, and it was dropped." Coxe's Walpole.

that those troops were deserters; but that he had since been informed, that they were hired to fight, and had served well as long as there was fighting; and if when they came in sight of the enemy, they who had hired them, would not suffer them to fight, he did not see the reason why they should be called deserters." As to the clause, for a reward of 100,000l. for apprehending the Pretender, Mr. Campion, knight of the shire for Sussex, said, "That he was not in the House, when that clause was moved; but if he had been present, he would have opposed it, because in his opinion, the Protestant succession was no longer in danger, since his majesty's peaceable accession to the throne; and he defied all the house to prove the contrary." He was seconded by Mr. Shippen : but Mr. W. Pulteny, and, after him the lord Lumley argued "That the Protestant succession was in danger, as long as there was a Popish Pretender, who had many friends both at home and abroad: That the late queen was sensible of that danger, when she issued out her proclamation against him; and that the case was not altered by her majesty's demise : That the nation would be at no charge, if the Pretender did not attempt to land: and if he did 100.000l. would be well bestowed to apprehend him." To which no reply was made.

The Lords' Justices Speech to both Houses on receiving Letters from the King.] Aug. 13. Mr. Craggs, who, the day before the queen died had been dispatched to Hanover, returned this day with letters from the king to the lords justices: and the chancellor in their name made the following speech to both Houses.

"On the 20th of September the king made his public entry into London. On the following day a sad accident happened, which a little "My lords, and gentlemen; "It is with great changed the gay humour the court was in; satisfaction we can now tell you, that we have Charles Aldworth, esq. member of parliament this morning received a letter from the king, for Windsor, had imbibed at St. Germains in wherein his majesty is graciously pleased to France, strong prejudices against the Hanover acquaint us, that his majesty is hastening hither succession; which, at his return to England, he to employ his utmost care for putting these made no scuple of publishing, and confirmed kingdoins into a happy and flourishing conthem by frequent drinking the Pretender's health. This could not but endear him to lord sence-chamber at St. James's expostulated with Bolingbroke and his faction; but it drew upon him about it, and some by-standers, expressing him several quarrels, in which he met with some their wonder, that men who had publicly drunk disgraces; and in the latter part of the queen's the Pretender's health, should dare to appear in reign he set so great a value on that merit of that place, Mr. Aldworth came to hard words his, that he thought himself not sufficiently with colonel Chudleigh, and challenged him ; taken notice of, which made him a little restive. upon which they both went out, and fought in He gave his tongue a great liberty in railing, at Marybone fields, notwithstanding colonel Bisthe old mtuistry; and to ingratiate himself with set's endeavours to prevent it. Aldworth was their successors, charged it as a crime on colonel kilted on the spot, and the king being told it, Chudleigh, of the foot-guards, that he had expressed his indignation at people's quarreldrunk the duke of Marlborough's health. Co-ing in his palace; but said, as he came to mainlonel Chudleigh, the other colonel's cousin meet-tain the laws, he would leave the matter whelly ing, unexpectedly, Mr. Aldworth in the pre- to their decision,” Olduixon,

admired, and of whose affections and concern for the religion, laws, and liberties of this kingdom, we had had so long experience.

dition.--He has commanded us, in the mean time, to continue our care of every thing that may conduce to the peace and safety of his dominions. And we are assured, that, if this had required his more immediate presence, he would without the least delay have repaired hither, for the support of so dutiful and faithful subjects; for his majesty does very particularly express his great satisfaction in the loyalty and affection which his people have universally shewn, upon his majesty's accession to the crown. At the opening this session, we did not mention to you the apprehensions we then had, from the smallness of the sum at that time advanced, that the Lottery would not be fall; being desirous in the first place to try to make it effectual in the manner the parliament had established it; But we are obliged now to acquaint you, that all our endeavours have failed of the desired success, though the contributions have been thereby considerably in creased.—We must therefore earnestly recommend to you, gentlemen of the House of Commons, to take this into your consideration: and to give such farther encouragement as you shall think proper for raising the whole sum which was intended, and is absolutely necessary, for carrying on the service of the year.

"As the crown itself descends immediately, and knows no vacancy, the Commons have taken care that the revenue should follow it as close as possible; for they have given all the dispatch to this grant, which the forms of their proceedings would allow so that when his majesty shall please to answer the impatient desires of his people, by coming to take possession of his kingdoms, he will find himself equally established in these revenues, as if he had succeeded to all by an uninterrupted right of inheritance; the only difference is this, that if he had inherited them, he would have wanted one single proof of the duty, and affection, and unanimity of his subjects.

"Our desire is that this may be looked upon as an earnest and a pledge of that zeal and fidelity which we shall always retain, and which, upon every occasion, we shall be ready to demonstrate to his majesty's person and government: as such, we hope, his majesty will gras ciously accept it at this time; and hereafter, when he shall have had experience of the first voluntary offering of his loyal Commons, we hope he will find it to his satisfaction, as large and as ample as he could wish; might but the term of the grant be as long as we could wish; since it is to have equal continuance with his najesty's life.

66

The Speaker's Speech to the Lords Justices on presenting the Subsidy Bill, &c.] Aug. 21. The Lords Justices came to the House of Lords, and the Commons attending, the Speaker, on My Lords;-The bill which the Commons presenting the bill," For the better support of have passed for the purposes I have mentioned, "his majesty's houshold, &c." together with ano- is entitled, 'An Act for the better support of ther money bill, made the following speech :" 'his Majesty's houshold, &c.' They have also "My lords;-The knights, citizens, and bur- prepared another bill, entitled, 'An Act for gesses of Great Britain, in Parliament assem-rectifying mistakes in the names of the combled, under the present happiness they enjoy, by his majesty's peaceable and quiet accession tothe throne, could not enter upon any work more satisfactory and pleasing to themselves, than the providing a sufficient revenue for the occastens his majesty's civil government, in order to make his reign as easy and prosperous, as the beginning of it hath been secure and undisturbed.

missioners for the Land-Tax, and for raising so much as is wanting, to make up the sum of $1,400,000l. intended to be raised by a Lottery* for the Public Service in the year 1714.' This having been recommended to their care, and appearing to them to be necessary for his majesty's and the public service, they have reason to think, they have abundantly supplied the defects in the former provision; and in this as

“They are sensible, that the peace of the kingdom is not to be preserved, nor the rights "The parliament had, before the queen's and liberties of the subjects to be protected, death passed an act for a lottery for 1,400,000l. without supporting the just authority and dig- but public credit was then so low that not above aity of the crown; and therefore they have 60 or 70,000/. had been subscribed. This was thought it their interest, as well as duty, to occasioned partly by the diffidence of the momake such a provision, as may not barely sufficenied men in the late administration, and partly to the necessity of the government, but may by the low interest allowed for the blank-tickets. be suitable to the state, the honour, the lustre The lords of the regency and privy council, to which the crown of Great Britain ought to be restore public credit and fill the lottery, went attended with. in a body to the bank, and subscribed large sums themselves, which was such an encouragement to others to follow their example, that above 700,000l. was subscribed in two days; and the parliament, pursuant to the king's desire, giving further encouragement by making a small addition to the interest for the blank tickets, one per cent. only, the remainder was subscribed in a few days more." Tindal.

"Whatsoever is superfluous in that provision, and more than the ordinary services of his majesty shall require, will but enable him to exert his highest and most valuable prerogative of doing good: and we can give no greater proof of the trust we repose in his majesty's cisas disposition, than putting the same infire revenue into his hands, which her late majesty died possessed of; whose virtues we all

surance, they humbly present this bill also for the royal assent."

The Lord Chancellor's Speech to both Houses.] The Lords Justices having gave the royal assent to the said Bills, the Lord Chancellor made the following Speech to both Houses:

"My Lords and Gentlemen;-We cannot but express our greatest satisfaction, and, in his majesty's name, return you thanks, for the convincing proofs which you have given in this session of your duty and affection to his majesty, and of your zeal for his government.-We must particularly thank you, gentlemen of the House of Commons, for the aids which you have granted to his majesty, for the better support of the honour of the crown, and for preventing any disappointment in the supplies given in the last session for the service of this year. You may be assured, that the unanimity, the cheerfulness, and the dispatch with which you have proceeded in granting these aids, will render them yet more acceptable to his majesty: and you may depend upon our making a faithful representation thereof to him.

"My Lords and Gentlemen; All necessary business being now happily concluded, it will be proper for us to put a speedy end to this session. We think fit, at present, in his majesty's name, to desire you forthwith respectively to adjourn yourselves until Wednesday next."

letters of friendship and effectual assistance, were confirmed. At length, on the 16th of Orange-Polder on board the Peregrine and the September, the king and prince embarked at Mary yacht, which having, soon after, joined the squadron of English and Dutch men of war, that waited for them, under the command of the earl of Berkeley, they all sailed for England, with a fair wind; and, the next day, about nine in the evening, arrived safe at the Hope, where the admiral thought fit to drop anchor. There being a thick fog the Saturday morning, the yacht did not go up the river till the afternoon. The king and prince went into a barge in Long Reach, and arrived at Greenwich about six o'clock in the evening. The duke of Northumberland, captain of the life-guard, and the lord chancellor, at the head of the lords of the regency, received him at his landing, and complimented him on his safe arrival. The king chose to walk to his house in the park, accompanied by most of the nobility, and great numbers of the principal gentry, through an infinite crowd of persons of all conditions. Before he left his yacht, he appointed the earls of Dorset and Berkeley to be lords of his bed-chamber, and knighted Mr. William Sanderson, captain of the Peregrine. After the king had undergone the fatigue of passing through the crowd, and of giving his hand to all, who approached him, he retired to his bedchamber, and sent for several of the nobility, such as had most distinguished themselves by It was observed their zeal for his succession. that the duke of Ormond, the lord chancellor, and the lord Trevor were not of that number. The earl of Oxford was not at Greenwich that evening, but was one of the earliest there the next morning; but had the misfortune to be undistinguished among the croud, and with great difficulty, had at last the bare honour of kissing his majesty's hand, without exchanging a word with him. Nor did the earl escape such reflections from the spectators, as his conduct had justly deserved. On the other hand, the duke of Marlborough appeared there, justly favoured by the king, and looked upon (though not yet declared) as captain-general. The dukes of Shrewsbury, Somerset, BolPRINCIPAL OCCURRENCES DURING THE RE- ton, Argyle, Montrose, Rutland, and Montague; CESS.-The King sets out for England the marquis of Dorchester; the earls of Dorset, The King's entry-Situation of affairs at King Bridgewater, Sunderland, Carlisle, Berkeley, George's Accession-Commotions in Scotland Nottingham, Portland, Orford, Wharton, and The King's Declaration in Council-The Trea- Cholmondeley; the lord viscount Townshend; sury and Admiralty put in Commission-Pro- the lords Ossulstone, Summers, and Halifax; motions-The Coronation-The affair at Dun- the bishop of Salisbury; general Stanhope, Mr. kirk The Pretender's Manifesto-The Parlia- Lechmere, and many others, received parment dissolved and a new one called-The Earl ticular marks of favour; and the duke of Ar of Strafford's Papers seized-Mr. Prior ordered gyle was declared groom of the stole to his home-Progress of the Elections.]-The king royal highness; colonel William Carr and coset out from Herenhausen the 31st of August, lonel Tyrrel, grooms of the bed-chamber; the and in four days came to Utrecht, from whence earl of Hertford, the lord Finch, the lord Lume he went to the Hague. He had there severally, and colonel Oughton, gentlemen of the bedconferences with the States, wherein the as- chamber to the prince. surances, which had been mutually given by

The Lord Chancellor's Speech att he close of the Session.] Aug. 25. The Lords Justices went to the House of Peers, and the Commons attending, the Lord Chancellor made the following speech: "My Lords and Gentlemen ;-Having, since your late adjournment, received his majesty's most gracious answer, under his sign manual, to your several addresses; and by his majesty's command, ordered them to be delivered to you respectively; we do now in his majesty's name, prorogue this present parliament till Thursday the 23d day of September next; and this present parliament is accordingly prorogued to Thursday the 23d day of September next."

Thus ended the second and last Session of the Fourth Parliament of Great Britain, and the last of queen Anne's reign.

Tindal.

On the 20th of September, the king and prince of Wales made their entry with great pomp and magnificence. There were in the

king's coach the prince and the duke of Northumberland, captain of the life-guard in waiting. Above two hundred coaches of the nobility and gentry, all with six horses, preceded the king's. When he came to St. Margaret's hill in Southwark, he was met by the lord-mayor, aldermen, recorder, sheriffs, and officers of the city of London; in whose name sir Peter King, recorder, made a congratulatory speech. The lord-mayor delivered the sword to the king, who returned it to him, and he bore it in the procession bare-headed. The royal pomp continued till his arrival at his palace of St. James's and was favoured by as fair a day as was ever known in that season of the year.

however ill grounded. Accordingly, the Scots began to shew their discontent soon. after the queen's death, of which there is the following account: the regency having issued a procla mation for a reward of 100,000l. for seizing the Pretender, they were informed that the Pretender's friends in Scotland designed an insurrection; and that some of them had been seen to go in arms towards the Highlands; upon which they ordered a good number of half-pay officers, especially of those belonging to the Scots regiments, to go thither immediately, that, in case of necesssity, they might raise the militia of the country under the orders of major-general Whethain, who commanded in The court was extremely numerous the next chief there. Though this precaution was neday, when besides the British nobility and gen-cessary, yet the Scots Jacobites were so contry, several foreign ministers made their appearance; particularly those of France, Poland, Prussia, and Sicily, took that occasion to congratulate his majesty's happy accession to the throne, and safe arrival in England. Before we proceed to the events of this reign it will be proper to give a general idea of the state of affairs in Great Britain and Ireland. The animosity between the several parties, which even at this day divide England, was, at king George's accession, higher than ever. The Whigs, who had been in disgrace the four last years of the queen's reign, were full of resentiment at the usage they had received from the Tories, and hoped to have full satisfaction under the new reign, which they looked upon 33 the end of their humiliation. The Tories, on their part, were extremely apprehensive of adownfall, and this apprehension had engaged several of their leaders in practices not only dangerous, but directly contrary to the measures, the nation had taken with the two last sovereigns and the house of Hanover. To the views of these men were ascribed the late peace with France, and the violence offered by the queen to her allies, to compel them to a reconciliation with that crown, and to the sacrifice of the fruits of their victories.

founded, that they could do nothing considerable; so that the chief of them only held some consultations, and retired to their lurking places. Some of the Highlanders appeared in a body near fort William at Inverlochy, in the western Highlands. But, the governor sending out a detachment against them, they marched off; so that they could do nothing at that time in Scotland, but only steal some cattle, and took an opportunity by night to proclaim the Pretender. The government ordered them to be prosecuted; and by way of prevention, the duke of Gordon was confined by the regency to the city of Edinburgh, on his parole; his son, the marquis of Huntley, to his house in the north; and his son-in-law, the lord Drummond, to his castle of that name. The duke of Athol, lord privy-seal, who had caused the king to be proclaimed at Perth, was ordered to continue at his castle of Blair in the Highlands, to preserve the peace of the neighbour. hood: and the regency being informed, that the Highlanders had appointed huntings when it is usual for the clans to attend their chiefs, they forbad those huntings, and ordered six Donald Macdonald of Slait, one of those chiefs suspected to be in the Pretender's inte rest, to be made prisoner, and sent to the Moreover, the principles of the revolution castle of Edinburgh. The lord Drummond had been far from being universally embraced. was also ordered to be seized, but escaped to Not only the papists espoused the abdicated the Highlands, from whence he wrote to the lords family, but also great numbers of churchmen; justices, and offered bail for his good behaviour. and it was much to be feared, that they would The earl of Broadalbin, who had sufficiently join with the catholics, to dethrone a prince, declared himself for the Pretender, though he whom they looked upon as a foreigner. The had abjured him when he sat as one of the famous distinction of a king de jure, and a sixteen Scots peers, thought fit to retire to an king de facto, was not yet forgot, nor the doc inaccessible castle in a lake, upon which a detrine of passive obedience; and several re-tachment of foot was ordered to guard the fused to take the oaths of allegiance and abju- avenues; and captain Campbel of Glendoroul, who had a commission by the earl of Oxford's means, to raise an independent company in the Highlands, was taken at Inverlochy, and from thence sent prisoner to Edinburgh. The late lord-treasurer had, a little before, set up a

ration.

Scotland was generally dissatisfied with the Bion. They were apt to consider themselves as degraded to a province of England. They had always been pleased with the title of an independant kingdom, beartily lamented the Joss of it, and as heartily wished to recover it. That the Scots should, at king George's acCession, be in these sentiments, is no great wonder, since it requires ages to root out of the minds of a nation such sort of impressions,

new chamberlain's court in Scotland, the old one having been long discontinued, because arbitrary princes had made it a grievance to the subject. The design of reviving it now was only for a cover to bestow money upon such, as were in the court-measures. Accordingly,

the earl of Mar, who managed the affairs of any foreign power. Holland would not fail to Scotland, recommended his own brother in fulfil all engagements: the king himself was law, sir Hugh Paterson of Banockburn, and powerful: he had on foot a good number of the lord Haddo, eldest son of the earl of Aber | troops, which, without obstacle, could have deen, to be two of the commissioners, to whom been embarked in his own dominions. But the queen had granted a bill of 1,000l. each, after all Lewis 14 was still alive: It could not payable by Mr. Douglas, receiver-general of be doubted, but that it was against his will that the land-tax. The lord viscount Kilsyth, one he had acknowledged the protestant succession, of the sixteen Scots peers, and the lord Lyon, and promised, not to disturb it. He was as king at arms, two other relations to the earl of suredly in the same sentiments still, and perMar, had also grants for the like sum. Soon haps thought himself more obliged to keep his after the queen's death sir Hugh Paterson de- word with king James, on his death bed, never manded payment of his bill; but the earl of to forsake his son, than the engagements, the Ilay, lord-justice-general of Scotland, interpos- necessity of a peace had forced him into. It ed, and acquainted the regents how unreason- may be, what he would not do directly, he able a thing this was; and particularly that might,do indirectly; with money, may not men suspected of disaffection to his majesty's troops; arms and ships soon be had? It will be government, should have the public money dis- seen in the course of this history, that, without tributed among them. Upon this the lords re- any aid, the English and Scots raised such an gents ordered the duke of Athol, lord privy- insurrection, as caused great disturbances; and seal, to put an immediate stop to all grants, what would they have done, had they been asthat were not passed before the queen's death; sisted; in vain would the king have depended which disappointed those gentlemen of their on his own troops; they could not be brought money, and saved 4000l. to the government. over without the consent of the parliament, and the English are too jealous of their liberty, to suffer any foreign forces, and it is with some sort of regret, that they bear even those of the States.

When the king was proclaimed at Glasgow, forty or fifty unknown persons, while the magistrates were busy in attending the proclamation, took an opportunity to pull down the episcopal meeting-house there, where one Mr. Cockburn had set up the English liturgy, by countenance of the late government, more to disgust the citizens, than in hopes of gaining proselytes. As soon as the magistrates heard of it, they sent to apprehend the actors, and to prevent the pulling down the house; but they had done their work, and made their escape, before the magistrates came thither; so that none of them were discovered or taken. The jacobite party took occasion from hence to reflect upon the presbyterians, as if they had persecuted those of the church of England, and insert an account of it in the Post-Boy, with all the aggravating circumstances, that their malice and invention could suggest. Complaint was likewise made of it to the regency, who ordered the lord advocate of Scotland to inquire into it. There was found good reason to suspect, that the thing was done on purpose by the disaffected party, to raise a clamour; because Mr. Cockburn the day before had retired with his family and effects to Edinburgh, though the magistrates of Glasgow had given him assurance of protection. This account being taken upon oath by the magistrates, and sent up to the regency, put an end to that matter. Thus stood the affairs in Scotland, at the time of king George's accession.

As for Ireland, the chief thing to be dreaded there was the great number of papists, who are ever ready to throw off the yoke of the English. A little more conduct in king James 2, and a little more assistance from France, would have endangered that kingdom. And, at the time of the queen's death popery was in

much the same situation.

Indeed there seemed to be no danger from

|

Such was the situation of the British dominions and of Europe, when king George came to the throne; and therefore it is no wonder, that, upon his arrival in England, his first proceedings expressed a dislike of the Tories and the late ministry, and shewed his attachment to the Whigs. The persons he had named for the regency, were a plain proof what the friends of the late ministry were to expect. He had, even before his arrival, removed the lord Bolingbroke and appointed the lord Townshend secretary of state in his room. The day after his landing at Greenwich, be sent the new secretary to acquaint the duke of Ormond, that he had no longer occasion for his service as captain-general, but would be glad to see him

at court.

These changes were followed by many others: the duke of Marlborough was made captain-general of the land-forces, colonel of the first regiment of foot-guards, and master of the ordnance. The lord Cowper was made lord-chancellor, the earl of Wharton privyseal, and the earl of Sunderland lord-lieutenant of Ireland. The duke of Devonshire was appointed steward of the houshold in the room of earl Paulet, and Mr. James Stanhope secretary of state in the room of Mr. Bromley, and the duke of Montrose in the room of the earl of Mar. The duke of Somerset was made master of the horse, the duke of St. Albans captain of the band of pensioners, and the duke of Argyle commander in chief of the forces in Scotland. Mr. William Pultney was made secretary of war, and Mr. Robert Walpole receiver and pay-master-general of all the guards and garrrisons, and all other forces of Great-Britain, and paymaster to Chelsea hos pital, in the room of Mr. How and Mr. Moore.