was made them in 1722, embracing a tract ten miles square. The bounds mentioned in this grant were as follows:

"All that Tract of Land within the following bounds, being ten miles square, or so much as amounts to ten miles square, and no more: Beginning on the north-east angle at a beach Tree, marked, which is the south-east angle of Chester, and running from thence due south, on Kingston line four miles and a half; and from thence, on a west line, one mile and three quarters; and from thence south, six miles and a half; and from thence west-north-west, nine miles and a half; and from thence north, eleven miles and a half; from thence north-north east three miles; from thence, east-south-east, one mile; and from thence south-south-west, to the south-west angle, of Chester, and from thence, on an east-south-east line, bounding on Chester, ten miles, unto the Beach tree first mentioned."

The form was very irregular, embracing a strip of land extending from the north-west corner of the main body of the township, a mile in width, and three miles in length. This was intended to cover the gore of land between Chester and the Merrimack River, and to secure the fisheries at Namaoskeag which were covered by their deed from Mr. Wheelwright. But some misapprehension as to the course of the river, or mistake in the original survey, thwarted their design; for upon laying out their township according to the bounds and courses laid down in the grant, the projection or tongue of land that extended three miles north-north-east up the Merrimack, interfered with the westerly line of Chester, and as Chester had been previously granted, her line held good and cut off one half of this strip of land, granted to the proprietors of Londonderry. It is difficult to perceive at this time, how any "chaining according to quantity and quality" even, could have brought this strip of land within their grant, which was to have been "ten miles square, or so much as amounts to ten miles square and no more," as they had their ten miles square, as subsequent surveys have shown, long before they came to this strip of land, or crossed Cohas Brook even. But their anxiety to secure the fishing grounds at Namoskeag, as well as their actual wan: of knowledge as to the nature and position of the lands granted them, led to mistakes as to the course of their northwest line and the quantity of land included within the bounds named in their grant. These mistakes have proved a source of difficulty and litigation for more than a century and a quarter, and the end thereof is not yet.

This was the third grant of land within the present limits of the city of Manchester.

The colony thus established, had a most important bearing upon the interests and character of our State. Emigration still continuing to the little colony, the new comers, if they could not make satisfactory purchases from their friends and predecessors in Londonderry, seated themselves in the adjacent towns, or upon the ungranted lands in the immediate neighborhood. Thus many of them moved into that part of Chester nearest to the Merrimack and north of "Cohas Brook;" others moved to the adjoining township of Dunstable, that part of it known as "Brenton's Farm" now Litchfield; others passed over the Merrimack and settled upon that part of Namoskeag afterwards known as "Souhegan East" or "Narragansett No. 5" subsequently as Bedford, and now in part constituting a portion. of the city of Manchester; and still others, important in character, if not in numbers, settled upon the strip of land upon the bank of the Merrimack, lying along the Namoskeag Falls, and which the proprietors of Londonderry had failed to secure within their grant. This tract, in width two miles in no place, but somo eight miles in length, extending from Brenton's Farm, now Litchfield, to that part of Chester now known as Hooksett, was called Harrytown, or at least that part of it adjacent to the Falls.

But this emigration from Londonderry did not take place until the close of "Lovewell's War."

Those of the Scotch Irish who first removed from Londonderry and settled in Harrytown, were James McNeil, John Riddell and Archibald Stark, with their families. These were followed by others at different periods, so that in spite of the occupation of a part of the territory by settlers from Massachusetts at an earlier period, and its subsequent grant from that government, the "Scotch Irish" and their descendants continued to control the affairs of the place for more than a century.

CHAPTER VIII.

History of the "Scotch Irish."-Irish Rebellion of 1599.-Essex sent against Tyrone.-Makes a humiliating truce.-Tyrone breaks the truce and overruns Ulster.-Rebellion suppressed by Mountjoy,-Tyrone carried to London.-Pardoned by Elizabeth.-Raises a new Rebellion in connection with Tyrconnel.-Conspire to seize Dublin.-Discovered, and Tyrone and Tyrconnel flee.-Lands in Ulster forfeited.-Scotch Presbyterrians emigrate to Ulster under the patronage of James the Frst.-Conspiracy of the Irish.-Massacre of Protestants in 1641.-Cromwell crushes the rebellion.-James the II. persecutes the Presbyterians.-Macaulay's description of James.—Scotch Presbyterians flee to Ireland.-The Prince of Orange invited to England.— Accepts and sails for England with a large force.-James flees to France.Determines to pass over into Ireland.-Finds an obstacle in the Scotch Presbyterians. They oppose him.-Derry.-Grant of sequestered lands to London and London companies.-They fortify Derry and Coleraine.-Name of Derry changed to Londonderry.-A description of it.-Its public square and buildings.-Cathedral, its cupola turned into a battery.-Defence of in 1689. Siege of Derry.-Antrim marches against the city.-The Apprentice boys close the gates.-The troops retire.-Other troops sent.-Mountjoy and Lundy received into the city.-Mountjoy recalled.-Lundy conspires to surrender the city.-Rev. George Walker.-His Regiment.-Gen. Hamilton with a laige army arrives opposite the city, and crosses.-Cols. Cunningham and Richards arrive with a reienforcement.-Lundy contrives to send them back-King James marches from Dublin.-Lundy proposes to surrender. The people rise and the garrison fire upon the troops.-King James' ariny.-Lundy deposed and escapes.-Walker and Baker made Governors.-City invested.-Supplies arrive, but caunot come up to the city.-Gen. Kirke.-Suffering from sickness and famine.-Gen Kirke succeeds in sending supplies to the city.--The Irish raise the siege and retire in disorder.-Gratitude of King William.-His exactions and oppressions.-The Scotch Presbyterians determine to emigrate to America.

The "Scotch Irish" having been of the first to settle this town, and having for so long a period controlled its affairs, it seems highly proper that something of their history and the causes of their emigration to this country, should be given in this place.

ous.

Their history commences in the reign of James the First of England, in 1603. England for centuries had exercised sovereignty over Ireland, but it was uncertain and precariSo much so, that even as late as the prosperous reign of Queen Elizabeth, in 1599, the entire power of England was near being subverted in Ireland. In that year, the Earl of Essex was sent with a powerful army to suppress a rebellion headed by the Earl of Tyr Owen, or Tyrone, as he is commonly

called. In this expedition, the British forces were unsuccessful and it was terminated by a humiliating truce with the rebel Earl. In a short time after the departure of Essex, the treacherous Tyrone violated the truce, subdued the entire province of Ulster, and having received a body of troops from Spain, threatened the complete subversion of the British power in Ireland. In this posture of affairs, the Earl of Mountjoy was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland as successor to the Earl of Essex, and by his energy and skill soon brought the affairs in Ireland to a happy issue. He led his army immediately into the province of Ulster, routed Tyrone and his Spanish allies in a pitched battle, took the rebel Chief, prisoner, and carried him to London. Through a mistaken policy, Tyrone was pardoned and returned to Ireland, where he soon crowned his treachery by raising a new rebellion in concert with the Earl of Tyrconnel. Their object was to seize upon the castle of Dublin, but their plot was discovered and the conspirators took to flight. Tyrone, Tyrconnel and many others fled to Spain, and the principal leaders and rebels being absent, the rebellion was readily crushed. To make sure work, the property of the rebels was attainted, and by this means some two million acres of land, covering six Counties in the Province of Ulster, became the property of the crown-and almost completely depopulated. To operate as a check upon the rebellious spirit of the Irish, James the First conceived the design of colonizing these crown lands with protestant and loyal subjects. A Scot, King James very naturally looked to Scotland for colonists. But it was some time before he could put his plan in execution. The people of Scotland did not readily accede to the wishes of their sovereign in this particular, as the emigration to Ireland was looked upon as a calamity. At length such inducements were offered by the government, that a respectable colony emigrated from Argyleshire in Scotland, and settled in the Province of Ulster in 1612. These were Scotch Presbyterians. In the next twenty years, many ministers of the same sect, with their congregations, emigrated to Ulster, and the province under the influence of their energy and enterprise, began to flourish. This intrusion of protestants upon the confiscated lands of the rebels soon excited the most intense hatred in the bosoms of their Irish neighbors. Those who had been ruined in their estates, waited only a convenient opportunity for revenge. At length, in the succeeding reign, when a severe contest was raging between Charles the First and his parliament, the Irish leaders entered into the most sanguinary measures for revenge, and to

recover their estates. Religious bigotry soon led the Irish people into the measures of the conspirators. Their sanguinary project was nothing less than the massacre of the entire protestant population of Ireland. This bloody design was carried out in part in 1641, when some 40,000 protestants were massacred in different parts of Ireland. In Dublin the conspiracy was discovered in season to prevent the massacre, but not in season to notify the protestants in other parts of the country. This formidable rebellion was completely crushed by the energy of Cromwell, who very little to his credit, visited upon the catholics, the same cruelties they had practiced upon the protestants. Cromwell by his severity, so completely crushed the spirit of rebellion in Ireland, that in the succeeding reign of Charles the Second, they were perfectly quiet. Still there existed the most unrelenting spirit of hatred betwixt the Irish catholics and the emigrating protestants, who occupied the lands of which they had been despoiled. During the reign of Charles, his brother James, a bigoted Catholic, was Viceroy of Scotland. The Scotch Presbyterians were the peculiar objects of his hatred and persecution. After he came to the throne, forgetting that he was the sovereign of a protestant kingdom, he determined to make his own religion the established religion of the kingdom, and prosecuted his design of persecution against the presbyterians with renewed determination and energy. To accomplish his design, he had recourse to the most injudicious and unjustifiable measures. In utter disregard of justice and law, he trampled upon the civil and religious rights of his subjects. The historian Macaulay thus truthfully and graphically describes this despot.

"When fortune changed, when he was no longer afraid that others would persecute him, when he had it in his power to persecute others, his real propensities began to show themselves. He hated the puritan sect with manifold hatred, theological and political, hereditary and personal. He regarded them as the foes of Heaven, as the foes of all legitimate authority in church and state, as his great-grandmother's foes and his grand-father's, his father's and his mother,s his brother's and his own. He, who had complained so loudly of the laws against Papists, now declared himself unable to conceive how men could have the impudence to propose the repeal of laws against the Puritans.* He, whose favorite theme had been the injustice of requiring civil functionaries to take religious

His words reported by himself. Clarke's life of James II, i. €56 Orig. Mem.