361. He is massacred by the People He is worshipped as a Saint and Martyr 362. Restoration of Athanasius RESIDENCE OF JULIAN AT ANTIOCH.-HIS SUCCESSFUL EXPEDITION AGAINST THE PERSIANS. PASSAGE OF THE TIGRIS. THE RETREAT AND DEATH OF 362. He resolves to march against the Persians Julian proceeds from Constantinople to Antioch Licentious Manners of the People of Antioch He transports his Fleet from the Euphrates to the Tigris Passage of the Tigris, and Victory of the Romans Situation and Obstinacy of Julian THE GOVERNMENT AND DEATH OF JOVIAN.—ELECTION OF VALENTINIAN, WHO ASSOCIATES HIS BROTHER VALENS, AND MAKES THE FINAL DIVISION OF THE 373. Severe Inquisition into the Crime of Magic at Rome and Antioch 394 364-375. The Cruelty of Valentinian and Valens Their Laws and Government Valentinian maintains the religious Toleration 367-378. Valens professes Arianism, and persecutes the Catholics Just Idea of the Persecution of Valens Divisions, Defeat, and Submission, of the Goths 381. Death and Funeral of Athanaric 386. Invasion and Defeat of the Gruthungi, or Ostrogoths AGAINST MAXIMUS. CHARACTER, ADMINISTRATION, THEODOSIUS. DEATH OF VALENTINIAN 11. SECOND CIVIL WAR AGAINST 383. Discontent of the Roman Troops 383. Flight and Death of Gratian 383-387. Treaty of Peace between Maximus and Theodosius 380. Baptism and Orthodox Edicts of Theodosius 340-380. Arianism of Constantinople THE HISTORY OF THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. CHAPTER XVII. Foundation of Constantinople. - Political System of Constantine, and his Successors. — Military Discipline. The Palace.-The Finances. THE unfortunate Licinius was the last rival who opposed the greatness, and the last captive who adorned the triumph, of Constantine. After a tranquil and prosperous reign, the conqueror bequeathed to his family the inheritance of the Roman empire; a new capital, a new policy, and a new religion; and the innovations which he established have been embraced and consecrated by succeeding generations. The age of the great Constantine and his sons is filled with important events; but the historian must be oppressed by their number and variety, unless he diligently separates from each other the scenes which are connected only by the order of time. He will describe the political institutions that gave strength and stability to the empire, before he proceeds to relate the wars and revolutions which hastened its decline. He will adopt the division unknown to the ancients of civil and ecclesiastical affairs: the victory of the Christians, and their intestine discord, will supply copious and distinct materials both for edification and for scandal. |