or export from the territories of the high contracting parties, and under their respective flags, as those of the most favoured nation, except in those cases in which, in order to obtain reciprocal advantages, they may agree upon such mutual concessions as may result in the advantage of both countries.

ART. 6. Merchants and other citizens of the Republic of Mexico, or subjects of Her Catholic Majesty who may be established in trading or passing through the whole or any part of the one or the other country, shall enjoy the most perfect security in their persons and property, and shall be exempt from all compulsory service in the army or navy, or in the national militia, and from every charge, contribution or impost, not payable by the citizens and subjects of the country where they reside; and as well in respect to the distribution of contributions, imposts and other general charges, as the protection and privileges in the prosecution of their business; and also in all that relates to the administration of justice, they shall be treated in the same manner as the native citizens of the respective nations, subject always to the laws, regulations, and usages of the country in which they may reside.

ART. 7. In consideration that the republic of Mexico, by a law of the general Congress of the twenty-eighth of June, 1824, has freely and spontaneously recognized as her own debt and that of the Nation, the debt contracted and charged upon the national treasury by the Spanish government of the metropolis, and its authorities while the present Mexican nation was under their dominion and until their authority ceased in the year 1821; and that in addition to this there is no confiscation of the property of Spanish subjects the republic of Mexico and IIer Catholic Majesty, for herself and her heirs and successors in conformity therewith shall, mutually desist from any reclamation or claim which may be agitated in relation to the points aforesaid and hereby declare that the two high contracting parties shall be freed and discharged henceforth and forever from all responsibility in this particular.

ART. 8. The present treaty of peace and friendship shall be ratified by the two governments and the ratifications exchanged at the Court of Madrid, at the expiration of nine months from this day or sooner if it be possible to acccomplish the same with the greatest diligence.

In testimony of which, we the undersigned plenipotentiaries have signed and sealed the same with our respective seals.

Executed in triplicate at Madrid on the 28th day of the month of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-six.

[L. S.] [L. S.]

(Signed) MIGUEL SANTA MARIA,
(Signed) JOSE MARIA CALATRAVA.

Wherefore after having seen and examined said treaty with the previous

approbation of the National Congress and in virtue of the authority conferred on me by the Constitutional laws, I have ratified, accepted and confirmed it, and by these presents do ratify, accept and confirm the same, promising faithfully to observe and to cause to be observed everything therein contained and not to permit its violation in any manner whatever.

In testimony of which I have signed the same with my hand, commanded it to be sealed by the great seal of the nation, and to be countersigned by the ministers of foreign affairs.

Dated at the National palace of Mexico, on the 3d of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, and the fourteenth of the Independence— Auastasio Bustamente-Louis G. Cueras. And the aforesaid treaty having been in like manner approved and ratified by her majesty, the queen Regent of Spain, for herself, and in the name of her august daughter Doña Isabel II, at Madrid, on the 14th of November, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, after having enlarged the term fixed for the exchange of ratifications. I command that the same be printed, published and circulated and be duly obeyed.

TREATY

BETWEEN

THE UNITED STATES AND MEXICO.

Treaty of peace, friendship, limits and settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican republic. Dated at Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848; ratified by the President of the United States, March 16, 1848; exchanged at Queretaro, May 30, 1848 ; proclaimed by the President of the United States, July 4, 1848.

In the name of Almighty God :—

The United States of America and the United Mexican States, animated by a sincere desire to put an end to the calamities of the war which unhappily exists between the two republics, and to establish upon a solid basis relations of peace and friendship, which shall confer reciprocal benefits upon the citizens of both, and assure the concord, harmony and mutual confidence wherein the two people should live, as good neighbors, have for that purpose appointed their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say, the President of the United States has appointed Nicholas P. Trist, a citizen of the United States, and the President of the Mexican republic has appointed Don Luis

Gonzaga Cuevas, Don Bernardo Couto and Don Miguel Atristain, citizens of the said republic, who, after a reciprocal communication of their respective full powers, have, under the protection of Almighty God, the author of peace, arranged, agreed upon, and signed the following

Treaty of peace, friendship, limits and settlement, between the United States of America and the Mexican republic.

ARTICLE I.

There shall be firm and universal peace between the United States of America and the Mexican republic, and between their respective countries, territories, cities, towns and people, without exception of places or persons.

ARTICLE II.

Immediately upon the signature of this treaty, a convention shall be entered into between a commissioner or commissioners appointed by the general-in-chief of the forces of the United States, and such as may be appointed by the Mexican government, to the end that a provisional suspension of hostilities shall take place, and that, in the places occupied by the said forces, constitutional order may be re-established, as regards the political, adminis trative and judicial branches, so far as this shall be permitted by the circumstances of military occupation.

ARTICLE III.

Immediately upon the ratification of the present treaty by the government of the United States, orders shall be transmitted to the commanders of their land and naval forces, requiring the latter (provided this treaty shall then have been ratified by the government of the Mexican republic, and the ratifications exchanged) immediately to desist from blockading any Mexican ports; and requiring the former (under the same condition) to commence, at the earliest moment practicable, withdrawing all troops of the United States then in the interior of the Mexican republic, to the points that shall be selected by common agreement, at a distance from the seaports not exceeding thirty leagues; and such evacuation of the interior of the republic shall be completed with the least possible delay; the Mexican government hereby binding itself to afford every facility in its power for rendering the same convenient to the troops, on their march and in their new positions, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants. In like manner, orders shall be despatched to the persons in charge of the custom houses at all ports occupied by the forces of the United States, requiring them (under the same condition) immediately to deliver possession of the same to the persons authorized by the Mexican government to receive it, together with all bonds and evidences of debts for duties on importations and on exportations, not yet fallen due. Moreover, a faithful and exact ac

count shall be made out, showing the entire amount of all duties on imports and on exports collected at such custom houses, or elsewhere in Mexico, by authority of the United States, from and after the day of the ratification of this treaty by the government of the Mexican republic; and also an account of the cost of collection; and such entire amount, deducting only the cost of collection, shall be delivered to the Mexican government, at the city of Mexico, within three months after the exchange of the ratifications.

The evacuation of the capital of the Mexican republic by the troops of the United States, in virtue of the above stipulations, shall be completed in one month after the orders there stipulated for shall have been received by the commander of said troops, or sooner, if possible.,

ARTICLE IV.

Immediately after the exchange of ratifications of the present treaty, all castles, forts, territories, places, and possessions, which have been taken or occupied by the forces of the United States during the present war, withinthe limits of the Mexican republic, as about to be established by the following article, shall be definitively restored to the said republic, together with all the artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, and other public property, which were in the said castles and forts when captured, and which shall remain rhere at the time when this treaty shall be duly ratified by the government of the Mexican republic. To this end, immediately upon the signature of this treaty, orders shall be despatched to the American officers commanding such castles and forts, securing against the removal or destruction of any such artillery, arms, apparatus of war, munitions, or other public property. The city of Mexico, within the inner line of entrenchments surrounding the said city, is comprehended in the above stipulations, as regards the restoration of artillery, apparatus of war, &c.

The final evacuation of the territory of the Mexican republic, by the forces of the United States, shall be completed in three months from the said exchange of ratifications, or sooner, if possible; the Mexican government hereby engaging, as in the foregoing article, to use all means in its power for facilitating such evacuation, and rendering it convenient to the troops, and for promoting a good understanding between them and the inhabitants.

If, however, the ratification of this treaty by both parties should not take place in time to allow the embarkation of the troops of the United States to be completed before the commencement of the sickly season, at the Mexican ports on the Gulf of Mexico, in such case a friendly arrangement shall be entered into between the General-in-Chief of the said troops and the Mexican Government, whereby healthy and otherwise suitable places, at a distance from the ports not exceeding thirty leagues, shall be designated for the resi

dence of such troops as may not yet have embarked, until the return of the healthy season. And the space of time here referred to as comprehending the sickly season, shall be understood to extend from the first day of May to the first day of November.

All prisoners of war taken on either side, on land or on sea, shall be restored as soon as practicable after the exchange of ratifications of this treaty. It is also agreed, that if any Mexicans should now be held as captives by any savage tribe within the limits of the United States, as about to be established by the following article, the Government of the United States will exact the release of such captives, and cause them to be restored to their country.

ARTICLE V.

The boundary lines between the two republics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, if it should have more than one branch emptying directly into the sea; from thence up the middle of that river, following the deepest channel, where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mexico; thence westwardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Paso) to its western termination; thence northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first branch of the river Gila; (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such branch, and thence in a direct line to the same ;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the Rio Colorado; thence across the Rio Colorado, following the division line between. Upper and Lower California, to the Pacific ocean.

The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those laid down in the map, entitled "Map of the United Mexican States, as organized and defined by various acts of the Congress of said republic, and constructed according to the best authorities. Revised edition Published at New York, in 1847, by J. Disturnell." Of which map a copy is added to this treaty, bearing the signatures and seals of the undersigned plenipotentiaries. And, in order to preclude all difficulties in tracing upon the ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that the said limit shall consist of a straight line drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, where it unites with the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific ocean distant one marine league due south of the southermost point of the port of San Diego, according to the plan of said port made in the year 1782 by Don Juan Pantoja, second sailing master of the Spanish fleet, and published at Madrid in the year 1802, in the Atlas to the