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of Friends ever published, indeed the only one coming from a I close with an extract body speaking for our whole church. from the article on, "The Resurrection and Final Judgment," as follows:

"We believe, according to the Scriptures, that there shall be a resurrection from the dead, both of the just and of the unjust, and that God hath appointed a day in which he will judge the world in righteousness, by Jesus Christ whom he hath ordained. For, as saith the apostle, We must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good or bad.'

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"We sincerely believe, not only a resurrection in Christ from the fallen and sinful state here, but a rising and ascending into glory with him hereafter; that when he at last appears we may appear with him in glory. But that all the wicked, who live in rebellion against the light of grace, and die finally impenitent, shall come forth to the resurrection of condemnation. And that the soul of every man and woman shall be reserved, in its own distinct and proper being, and shall have its proper body as God is pleased to give it. It is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body; that being first which is natural, and afterwards that which is spiritual. And though it is said, this corruptible shall put on incorruption, and this mortal shall put on immortality,' the change shall be such as will accord with the declaration, Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, neither does corruption inherit incorruption.' We shall be raised out of all corruption and corruptibility, out of all mortality, and shall be the kingdom of God, being the children of resurrection.

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"Our citizenship is in heaven' (R. V.), from whence also we look for the Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall change our vile body that it may be fashioned like unto his glorious body, according to the working whereby he is able even to subdue all things unto himself.

"We believe that the punishment of the wicked and the blessed

ness of the righteous shall be everlasting according to the declaration of our compassionate Redeemer, to whom the judgment is committed, These shall go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life"" (R. V.).

6.W. Pritchard

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CHAPTER XL.

BUDDHIST BELIEFS AS TO RETRIBUTION AFTER DEATH.

Fundamental Ideas of Buddhism as to Finite Being: 1, It is Impermanent; 2, It is Painful; 3, It is only in a Limited Sense Individual.-The Doctrine of Karma.Man's Life is a Link in an Endless Chain of Causation Reaching Before and After. -These Three Ideas, of Impermanence, Painfulness, and Karma, Imply a Conception Contradictory to the Western Notion of the Soul, which Involves Continuance of Memory and Consciousness of Identity.-Buddhism holds to a Future Retribution of Happiness or Sorrow, so far as Consistent with Rejecting Personal Identity and a Personal Lawgiver.-The Joy of Heaven, being Transient, is Unworthy of the Desire of the Converted, who Seek the Goal of Existence in Nirvana.—Questions for the Study of Christian Theologians.

Prof. T. W. RHYS-DAVIDS, Ph.D., LL.D., of University College, London, Secretary of the
Royal Asiatic Society.

THE ideas as to retribution after death, held among all the varying sects of Christians and Mohammedans, are dependent upon one set of axioms regarding the problems of life, and have grown out of the evolution of belief along one single spiral line. The ideas on the same subject, held among the equally varying sects of the Buddhists, depend on views of life essentially different, and have grown out of an evolution of belief running along a spiral line quite distinct from the other. That is why the Buddhist ideas on the subject are, on the one hand, of the first importance to a student of the question, and, on the other hand, require some little care and attention to be rightly grasped by us, in the West, who are so soaked in the opposite views of life.

But the very differences of opinion among Christians show how great and abiding is the ambiguity of the words used in the authorities by which they all alike think themselves guided. It is admitted, on all sides, that Gotama, the Buddha, was one of the greatest eth

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