Robert, count of Flanders, his character and en- gagement in the first crusade, 1074. Robert, duke of Normandy, his character and en- gagement in the first crusade, 1074. Recalled by the censures of the church, 1083. Roderic, the Gothic king of Spain, his defeat and death by Tarik the Arab, 964.
Rodugune, probable origin of her character, in Rowe's Royal Convert, 641, note. Roger, count of Sicily, his exploits, and conquest of that island, 1040.
Roger, son of the former, the first king of Sicily, 1047. His military achievements in Africa and Greece, 1048.
Roger de Flor, engages as an auxiliary in the ser- vice of the Greek emperor Andronicus, 1151. His assassination, 1152.
Romanus I. Lecapenus, emperor of Constantino- ple, 860.
Romanus II. emperor of Constantinople, 861. Romanus III. Argyrus, emperor of Constantino- ple, 863.
Romanus IV. Diogenes, emperor of Constantino- ple, 865. Is defeated and taken prisoner by the Turkish sultan Alp Arslan, 1059. His treat- ment, deliverance, and death, ib.
Romanus, count, governor of Africa, his corrupt administration, 405.
Romanus, governor of Bosra, betrays it to the Sa- racens, 942.
incendiaries, ib. The memorable edicts of Diocletian and his associates against the chris- tians, 226.
-account of the building and establishment of the rival city of Constantinople, 233. New forms of administration established there, 240. Divi- sion of the empire among the sons of Constan- tine, 265. Establishment of christianity as the national religion, 300. Tumults excited by the rival bishops, Liberius and Fælix, 328. Pagan- ism restored by Julian, 353. And christianity by Jovian, 387. The empire divided into the east and west, by the emperor Valentinian, 390. Civil institutions of Valentinian, 394. The crafty avarice of the clergy restrained by Valen- tinian, 397. Bloody contest of Damasus and Ursinus for the bishopric of Rome, 398. Great earthquake, 414.
--The emperor Theodosius visits the city, 453. Inquiry into the cause of the corruption of morals in his reign, 461. Review of the pagan establishment, 462. The pagan religion re- nounced by the senate, 464. Sacrifices prohibit- ed, 465. The pagan prohibited, 468. Triumph of Honorius and Stilicho over Alaric the Goth, 489. Alaric encamps under the walls of the city, 502. Retrospect of the state of the city when besieged by Hannibal, ib. Wealth of the nobles and magnificence of the city, 503. Cha- racter of the nobles of, by Ammianus Marcelli- nus, 504. State and character of the common people, 507. Public distributions of bread, &c. 508. Public baths, ib. Games and spectacles, ib. Attempts to ascertain the population of the city, 509. The citizens suffer by famine, 510. Plague, ib. The retreat of Alaric purchased by a ransom, 511. Is again besieged by Alaric, 513. The senate unites with him in electing Attalus emperor, 514. The city seized by Alaric, and plundered, 515. Comparison between this event and the sack of Rome by the emperor Charles V. 518. Alaric quits Rome and ravages Italy, ib. Laws passed for the relief of Rome, and Italy, 521. Triumph of Honorius for the reduction of Spain by Wallia, 526. Is preserved from the hands of Attila by a ransom, 576. Indications of the ruin of the empire, at the death of Valen- tinian III, 578. Sack of the city by Genseric king of the Vandals, 580. The public buildings of, protected from depredation by the laws of Majorian, 586. Is sacked again by the patrician Ricimer, 597. Augustulus, the last emperor of the west, 598. The decay of the Roman spirit remarked, 600. History of monastic institutions in, 603. General observations on the history of the Roman empire, 641.
Italy_conquered by Theodoric the Ostro- goth, 648. Prosperity of the city under his go- vernment, 652. Account of the four factions in the circus, 664. First introduction of silk among the Romans, 668. The office of consul suppressed by Justinian, 683. The city receives Belisarius, 701. Siege of, by the Goths, ib. Distressful siege of, by Totila, the Goth, 736. Is taken, 737. Is recovered by Belisarius, 738. Is again taken by Totila, 740. Is taken by the eunuch Narses, 743. Extinction of the senate, ib. The city degraded to the second rank under the exarchs of Ravenna, 746. A review of the Roman laws, 752. Extent of the duchy of, under the exarchs of Ravenna, 788. Miserable state of the city, 791. Pontificate of Gregory the Great, 792.
The government of the city new modelled under the popes, after their revolt from the Greek emperors, 881. Is attacked by the Lombards, and delivered by king Pepin, 883. The office and rank of exarchs and patricians explained, 884. Reception of Charlemagne by pope Adrian I. 885. Origin of the temporal power of the popes, ib. Mode of electing a pope, 895. Is menaced by the Saracens, 986. Prosperous pontificate of Leo IV. 987. Is besieged and taken by the em- peror Henry III. 1046. Great part of the city burnt by Robert Guiscard, in the cause of pope Gregory VII. ib.
Rome, the three periods of its decline pointed out, Preface. Its prosperous circumstances in the second century, 1. The principal conquests of, achieved under the republic, ib. Conquests under the emperors, 2. Military establishment of the emperors, 4. Naval force of the empire, 7. View of the provinces of the empire, 8. Its general extent, 11. The union and internal prosperity of the empire, in the age of the Anto- nines, accounted for, ib. Treatment of the pro- vinces, 14. Benefits included in the freedom of the city, 15. Distinction between the Latin and Greek provinces, ib. Prevalence of the Greek, as a scientific language, 16. Numbers and con- dition of the Roman slaves, ib. Populousness of the empire, 17. Unity and power of the government, ib. Monuments of Roman archi- tecture, 18. The Roman magnificence chiefly displayed in public buildings, 19. Principal cities in the empire, ib. Public roads, 20. Great improvements of agriculture in the western countries of the empire, 21. Arts of luxury, 22. Commerce with the east, ib. Contemporary re- presentation of the prosperity of the empire, 23. Decline of courage and genius, ib. Review of public affairs after the battle of Actium, 24. The imperial power and dignity confirmed to Augustus by the senate, 25. The various charac- ters and powers vested in the emperor, 26. General idea of the imperial system, 27. Abor- tive attempt of the senate to resume its rights after the murder of Caligula, 29. The emperors associate their intended successors to power, ib. The most happy period in the Roman history pointed out, 31. Their peculiar misery under their tyrants, 32. The empire publicly sold by auction by the prætorian guards, 42. Civil wars of the Romans, how generally decided, 47. When the army first received regular pay, 63. How the citizens were relieved from taxation, ib. General estimate of the Roman revenue from the provinces, 64. Miseries flowing from the suc- cession to the empire being elective, 67. A sum- mary review of the Roman history, 77. Reca- pitulation of the war with Parthia, 82. Invasion of the provinces by the Goths, 98. The office of censor revived by the emperor Decius, ib. Peace purchased of the Goths, 100. The emperor Vale- rian taken prisoner by Sapor, king of Persia, 107. The popular conceit of the thirty tyrants of Rome investigated, 109. Famine and pesti- lence throughout the empire, 112. The city for- tified against the inroads of the Alemanni, 119. Remarks on the alleged sedition of the officers of the mint under Aurelian, 125. Observations on the peaceful interregnum after the death of Aurélian, 126. Colonies of barbarians intro- duced into the provinces by Probus, 132. Ex- hibition of the public games by Carinus, 137. Treaty of peace between the Persians and the Romans, 149. The last triumph celebrated at Rome, 150. How the imperial courts came to be transferred to Milan and Nicomedia, 151. The prætorian bands superseded by the Jovian and Herculean guards, ib. The power of the senate annihilated, 152. Four divisions of the empire under four conjunct princes, 153. Their Roum, the Seljukian kingdom of, formed, 1062. expensive establishments call for more burden-Rudbeck, Olaus, summary abridgment of the argu- some taxes, ib. Diocletian and Maximian ab- dicate the empire, 154. Six emperors existing at one time, 163. The senate and people apply to Constantine to deliver them from the tyranny of Maxentius, 166. Constantine enters the city victorious, 169. Constantine remains sole emperor, 176. Laws of Constantine, 173. His tory of the progress and establishment of chris- tianity, ib. Pretensions of the bishop of Rome, whence deduced, 194. State of the church at Rome at the time of the persecution by Nero, 201. Narrative of the fire of Rome, in the reign of Nero, 210. The christians persecuted as the
The history of, resumed, after the capture of Constantinople by the Turks, 1241. French and German emperors of, 1242. Authority of the popes, ib. Restoration of the republican form of government, 1247. Office of senator, 1249. Wars against the neighbouring cities, 1251. In- stitution of the jubilee, 1255. Revolution in the city, by the tribune Rienzi, 1260. Calamities flowing from the schism of the papacy, 1270. Statutes and government of the city, 1272. Por- caro's conspiracy, 1273. The ecclesiastical go- vernment of, 1275. Reflections of Poggius on the ruin of the city, 1276. Four principal causes of its ruin specified, 1277. The coliseum of Titus, 1981. Restoration and ornaments of the city, 1284.
Romilda, the betrayer of Friuli to the Avars, her cruel treatment by them, 808. Rosamond, daughter of Cunimund king of the Ge- pida, her marriage with Alboin king of the Lom- bards, 781. Conspires his murder, 783. Her flight and death, 784.
ment in his Atlantica, 87. Rufinus, the confidential minister of the emperor Theodosius the Great, stimulates his cruelty against Thessalonica, 456. His character and administration, 473. His death, 478. Rugilas, the Hun, his settlement in Hungary, 553. Runic characters, the antiquity of, traced, 87, note. Russia, origin of the monarchy of, 1025. Geogra phy and trade of, 1026. Naval expeditions of the Russians against Constantinople, 1027. Reign of the czar Swatoslaus, 1029. The Russians converted to christianity, 1030. Is conquered by the Moguls, 1168.
Sabellius the heresiarch, his opinions afterward adopted by his antagonists, 312. His doctrine of the Trinity, 313. The Sabellians unite with the Tritheists at the council of Nice to overpower the Arians, 314.
Sabians, their astronomical mythology, 908. Sabinian obtains the command of the eastern pro vinces from Constantius, 284. Sabinian, general of the east, is defeated by Theo- doric the Ostrogoth, king of Italy, 651. Sabinians, origin of the sect of, in the Roman civil law, 759.
Sadducees, account of that sect among the Jews,
Saladin, his birth, promotion, and character, 1097, Conquers the kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099. His ineffectual siege of Tyre, 1100. Siege of Acre, 1101. His negociations with Richard I. of Eng- land, 1102. His death, 1103. Salerno, account of the medical school of, 1040. Salic laws, history of, 627. Sallust, the præfect, and friend of the emperer Julian, declines the offer of the diadem on his death, 381. Declines it again on the death of Jovian, 389. Is retained in his employment by the emperor Valentinian, 390. Sallust, the historian, by what funds he raised his palace on the Quirinal hill, 517, note. Salona, the retreat of the emperor Diocletian, described, 155.
Salvian, his account of the distress and rebellion of the Bagaudæ, 579, note. Samanides, the Saracen dynasty of, 991. Samaritans, persecution and extinction of, by the emperor Justinian, 832.
Samuel the prophet, his ashes conveyed to Con- stantinople, 470.
Sapor, king of Persia, procures the assassination of Chosroes, king of Armenia, and seizes the coun try, 107. Defeats the emperor Valerian, and takes him prisoner, ib. Sets up Cyriades as successor to Valerian in the Roman empire, 106. Overruns Syria, Cilicia, and Cappadocia, ib. His death, 122.
Sapor, the son of Hormouz, is crowned king of Persia before his birth, 265. His character an early heroism, ib. Harasses the eastern pro- vinces of the Roman empire, 266. Battle of Singara against the emperor Constantius, ib. His son brutally killed by Constantius, 967. His several attempts on Nisibis, ib. Concludes a truce with Constantius, ib. His haughty pro- positions to Constantius, 281. Invades Meso- potamia, 282. Reduces Amida, 283. Returns home, ib. His peaceful overtures to the em peror Julian, 366. His consternation at the successes of Julian, 377. Harasses the retreat of the Romans, 379. His treaty with the em- peror Jovian, 383. His reduction of Armenia, and death, 407, 408. Saracen, various definitions of that appellation,
Saracens, successions of the caliphs of, 929. Their rapid conquests, 936. Conquest of Persia, 939, Siege of Damascus, 942. Battle of Yermuk, and conquest of Syria, 947. Of Egypt, 952. Invasions of Africa, 958. Their military cha racter, 1007. Sarbar, the Persian general, joins the Avars in besieging Constantinople, 812. Revolts to the emperor Heraclius, 813. Sardinia, expulsion of the Vandals from, by Mar- cellinus, 592. Is conquered by Zano, the bro- ther of Gelimer, king of the Vandals, 691. Is surrendered to Belisarius, 692. Sarmatians, memorable defeat of, by the emperor Carus, 135. Their manners described, 261. Brief history of, 262. They apply to Constan- tine the Great for assistance against the Goths, ib. Are expelled their country by the Limi gantes, 263. Are restored by Constantius, 281. Savage manners, a brief view of, 88. Are more uniform than those of civilized nations, 414. Sarus, the Goth, plunders the camp of Stilicho, and drives him into the hands of the emperor at Ravenna, 498. Insults Alaric, and occasions the sacking of Rome, 515. Is killed by Adol- phus king of the Visigoths, 524, Saturninus, one of the competitors for empire against Gallienus, his observation on his in- vestiture, 110. Saturninus, lieutenant under the emperor Probus in the east, is driven into rebellion by his troops,
Sazons, ancient, an account of, 401. Their pirati cal confederations, 402. Their invasions of Gaul checked by the Romans, ib, How converted to christianity, 610. Descent of the Saxons co Britain, 636. Their brutal desolation of the country, 638, 639.
Scanderbeg, prince of Albania, his history, 1990. Scatinian law of the Romans, account of, 776. Scaurus, the patrician family of, how reduced
under the emperors, 242, note. Schism in religion, the origin of, traced, 181. Science reducible to four classes, 982. Sclavonians, their national character, 715. Their barbarous inroads on the eastern empire, 716. Of Dalmatia, account of, 1021. Scots and Picts, the nations of, how distinguished, 402, 403. Invasions of Britain by, 403. Scythians, this name vaguely applied to mixed tribes of barbarians, 106. Their pastoral man ners, 414. Extent and boundaries of Scythia
418. Revolutions of, 491. Their mode of war, | Simplicius, one of the last surviving pagan philo- sophers of Athens, his writings, and character, 683.
557. Sebastian, master general of the infantry under the emperor Valens, his successful expedition against the Goths, 430. Is killed in the battle of Hadrianople, 431.
Sebastian, the brother of the usurper Jovinus, is associated with him in his assumed imperial diznities, 524.
Sebastocrator, import of that title in the Greek empire, 1001.
Seer, in Normandy, the bishop, and chapter of, all castrated, 1244, note. Segestan, the princes of, support their independ- ency obstinately against Artaxerxes, 81, n'te. Seaned, emperor of Abyssinia, is with his whole court converted by the Jesuits, 844. Seldon, his sententious character of transubstantia- tion, 874, note.
Selencia, the great city of, ruined by the Romans,
Severus, Septimius, general of the Pannonian le- gions, assumes the purple on the death of Per- tinax, 45. His conduct towards the christians, 220. Senate of Rome is reformed by Augustus, 24. Its legiative and judicial powers, 27. Abortive attempt of, to resume its rights after the murder of Calizula, 29. Its legal jurisdiction over the emperors, 40. Is subjected to military despo- tism, by Severus, 30. Women excluded from this assembly by a solemn law, 60. The form of a secret meeting, 71. Measures taken to support the authority of the two Gordians, ib. senate elect Maximus and Ealbinus emperors on the deaths of the Gordians, 72. They drive the Alemanni out of Italy, 103. The senators for- bid to exercise military employments by Gallie- nus, ib. Flect Tacitus the father of the senate. emperor, 127. Prerogatives gained to the senate, by this election, 128. Their power and authority annihilated by Diocletian, 151.
⚫ amount of the coronary gold, or customary free gift of, to the emperors, 256. The claim of Julian to the empire admutted, 340.
- petitions of, to the emperors, for the re- storation of the altar of Victory, 463. The pagan religion renounced, 464. Debates of, on the proposals of Alaric the Goth, 497. Genealogy of the senators, 502. Passes a decree for putting to death Serena the widow of Stilicho, 510. Under the influence of Alaric, elects Attalus emperor, 514. Trial of Arvandus, a prætorian præfect of Gaul, 594. Surrenders the sovereign power of Italy to the emperor of the east, 599.
-extinction of that illustrious assembly, 743. - restoration of, in the twelfth century. 1247. The assembly resolved into single magistrates,
Singara, battle of, between the emperor Constan- tius, and Sapor king of Persia, 266. The city of, reduced by Sapor, 283. Is yielded to him by Jovian, 383.
Singerie, brother of Sarus, is made king of the Goths, 526.
Singidunum is perfidiously taken by Baian chagan of the Avars, 800.
Sirmium is perfidiously taken by Baian chagan of the Avars, 801.
Siroes deposes and murders his father Chosroes II. king of Persia, 815. His treaty of peace with the emperor Heraclius, ib.
Sisebut, a Gothic king of Spain, persecutes the Jews there, 617.
Sirtus V. pope, character of his administration, 1275.
Slave, strange perversion of the original sense of that appellation, 1020.
Slaves among the Romans, who, and their condi- tion described, 16.
Slavery, personal, imposed on captives by the bar- barous nations, 630.
Sleepers, Seven, narrative of the legendary tale of, 352.
Smyrna, capture of, by Tamerlane, 1185. Society, philosophical reflections on the revolu-
Pollentia, 488. Drives him out of Italy, 489. His triumph at Rome, ib. His preparations to oppose the invasion of Radagaisus, 492. Re- duces and puts him to death, 493. Supports the claims of Alaric in the Roman senate, 497. Is put to death at Ravenna, 499. His memory persecuted, ib.
Stoza heads the revolted troops of the emperor Jus- tinian in Africa, 733.
Strasburg, battle of, between Julian and the Ale- manni, 286.
Successianus defends the Roman frontier against the Goths, 104.
Sueri, the origin and renown of, 102. Suicide applauded and pitied by the Romans, 778. Sulpicius, Servius, was the highest improver of the Roman jurisprudence, 758.
Sultan, origin and import of this title of eastern Sovereignty, 1053.
Sumnat, description of the Pagoda of, in Guzarat, and its destruction by sultan Mahmud, 1051. Sun, the worship of, introduced at Rome by the emperor Elagabalus, 58. Was the peculiar ob- ject of the devotion of Constantine the Great, be- fore his conversion, 291. And of Julian, after his apostasy, 353.
Susa, the city of, taken by Constantine the Great, 167.
Swatoslans, czar of Russia, his reign, 1029. Swiss cantons, the confederacy of, how far similar to that of the ancient Franks, 102. Sword of Mars, the sacred weapon of the Huns, history of, 554,
Syagris, king of the Franks and Burgundians, his character, 619. Is conquered by Clovis, 620. Sylla the dictator, his legislative character. 775.
Soffarides, the Saracen dynasty of, 991. Soldiers, Ronan, their obligations and discipline, 4. When they first received regular pay, 63. Soliman, sultan, conquers Asia Minor, 1062. Fixes his residence at Nice, 1063. Nice taken by the first crusaders, 1080. Battle of Dory-Syllanus the consul, his speech to the senate, re- læum, ib.
Sophia, the widow of Justin II, her conspiracy against the emperor Tiberius, 785. Sophia, St. foundation of the church of, at Con- stantinople, 674. Its description, ib. Is con- verted into a mosch, 1238.
Sophian, the Arab, commands the first siege of Constantinople. 972.
Serapion, his lamentation for the loss of a personi-Sophrenia, a Roman matron, kills herself to escape fied deity, 818.
Serapis, history of his worship, and of his tem- ple at Alexandria, 466. The temple destroyed, 467.
Serena, niece of the emperor Theodosins, married
to his general Stilicho, 477. Is cruelly strangled by order of the Roman senate, 510. Severinus, St., encourages Odoacer to assume the dominion of Italy, 500. His body, how disposed of, 600, note.
Severus is declared Casar on the abdication of Diocletian and Maximian, 158. His defeat and death, 161.
Severus is appointed general of the cavalry in Gaul under Julian, 286.
Shepherds and warriors, their respective modes of life compared, 415.
Shutes, a sect of Mahometans, their distinction from the Sonnites, 929. Siberia, extreme coldness of the climate, and miserable state of the natives of, 419. Is seized and occupied by the Tartars, 1169, Sicily, reflections on the distractions in that island, 111. Is conquered by the Saracens, 985. Intro- duction of the silk manufacture there, 993. Ex- ploits of the Normans there, 1035. Is conquered by Count Roger, 1040. Roger, son of the former, made king of, 1047. Reign of William the Bad, 1051. Reign of William the Good, ib. Conquest of, by the emperor Henry VI. 1052. Is subdued by Charles of Anjou, 1149. The Sicilian Ves- pers, 1150.
Sidonius Apollinaris the poet, his humorous treat- ment of the capitation tax, 254. His character of 1 heodoric king of the Visigoths in Gaul, 582. His panegyric on the emperor Avitus, 584. IIis Panegyric on the emperor Anthemius, 501. Sigismond, king of the Burgundians, murders his son, and is canonized, 623. Is overwhelmed by an army of Franks, ib.
Silentiarius, Paul, his account of the various species of stone and marble employed in the church of St. Sophia at Constantinople, 675,
Silk, first manufactured in China, and then in the small Grecian island of Ceos, 668. A peculiar kind of silk procured from the pinna marina, ib. The silk worm, how introduced to Greece, 669. Progress of the manufacture of, in the tenth cen- tury, 998. Simeon, persecutor of the Paulicians, becomes a proselyte to their opinions, 1014, Simeon, king of Bulgaria, his exploits. 1021. Simeon Stylites, the hermit, his extraordinary mode of life, 68.
Simony, an early instance of, 222, note.
the violence of Maxentius, 165, note, Sortes Sanctorum, a mode of christian divination, adopted from the pagans, 624, note. Soul, uncertain opinions of the ancient philoso- phers as to the immortality of, 184. This doc- trine more generally received among the bar- barous nations, and for what reason, ib. Was not taught by Moses, 185. Four different pre- vailing doctrines as to the origin of, 817, note. Sozopetra destroyed by the Greek emperor Theo- philus, 988.
Spain, the province of, described, 8. Great re- venues raised from this province by the Romans, 64. Is ravaged by the Franks, 102.
Review of the history of, 524. Is invaded by the barbarous nations, 525. The invaders conquered by Wallia, king of the Goths, 526. Successes of the Vandals there, 547. Expedition of Theodoric king of the Visigoths into, 583. The christian religion received there, 615. Re- volt and martyrdom of Hermenegild, 616. Per- secution of the Jews in, 617. Legislative assem- blies of, 634.
acquisitions of Justinian there, 696.
- state of, under the emperor Charlemagne, 891. First introduction of the Arabs into the country, 962. Defeat and death of Roderic the Gothic king of, 964. Conquest of, by Musa, 965. Its prosperity under the Saracens, 968. The christian faith there, supplanted by that of Ma- homet, ib. The throne of Cordova filled by Ab- dalrahman, 979.
Stadium, olympic, the races of, compared with those in the Roman circus, 664. Stauracius, emperor of Constantinople, 854. Stephen, a freedman of Domitilla, assassinates the emperor Domitian, 213. Stephen, count of Chartres, his character, and en- gagement in the first crusade, 1074. Deserts his standard, 1083.
Stephen, St. the first christian martyr, miraculous discovery of his body, and the miracles worked by it, 471.
Stephen the Savage, sent by the Greek emperor Justinian II. to exterminate the Chersonites,
commending the election of the two Gordians to their approbation, 71.
Sylvania, sister of the præfect Rufinus, her un- common sanctity, 478, note. Sylvanus, general in Gaul under Constantius, is ruined by treachery, 278. Sylverius, pope, is degraded and sent into exile by
Belisarius for an attempt to betray the city of Rome to the Goths, 705. His death, 735, note. Symmachus, his account of the pagan conformity of the emperor Constantius, during his visit to Rome, 332. Pleads in behalf of the ancient pagan religion of Rome, to the emperor Valen- tinian, 468.
Synesius, bishop of Ptolemais, excommunicates the president Andronicus, 305. His extraordinary character, ib. note. His advice to the eastern emperor Arcadius, 485.
Synods, provincial, in the primitive churches, in- stitution of, 193. Nature of those assemblies, 306. See Councils.
Syria, its revolutions and extent, 10. Is reduced by Chosroes II. king of Persia, 806. General description of, 946. Is conquered by the Sara- cens, 917. Invasion of, by Tamerlane, 1183. Syriac language, where spoken in the greatest purity, 83, note.
Syrianus, duke of Egypt, surprises the city of Alexandria, and expels Athanasius the primate of Egypt, 325.
Tabari, the Arabian historian, account of his work, 936, note.
Tabenne, the island of, in Upper Thebais, is settled with monks, by Pachomius, 603. Table of emerald, in the Gothic treasury in Spain, account of, 521.
Tacitus, emperor, his election and character, 127. Tacitus, the historian, his character of the princi- ples of the Portico, 31, note. The intention of his episodes. 78. His character as an historian, 85. His account of the ancient Germans, 87. His history, how preserved and transmitted down to us, 127, note. His account of the persecution of the christians as the incendiaries of Rome, 210.
Tactics of Leo and Constantine, character of, 995. Military character of the Greeks, 1006. Tagina, battle of, between the eunuch Narses, and Totila king of the Goths in Italy, 742. Taherites, the Saracen dynasty of, 991. Tamerlane, his birth, reign, and conquests, 1179. His letter to Bajazet, 1183. His conference with the doctors of the law, at Aleppo, 1184. Defeats and takes Bajazet prisoner, 1185. How kept out of Europe, 1187. His triumph at Samarcand, 1188. Dies on a march to China, 1189. His character, ib.
Tanered the crusader, his character. 1074. His bold behaviour at Constantinople, 1078. Tarasius, secretary to the empress Irene, made patriarch of Constantinople, 887. Presides at, and frames the decrees of, the second council of Nice, ib.
Tarik, the Arab, his descent on Spain, 964. De- feats and kills Roderic the Gothic king of, ib. His disgrace, 966, 967. Tarragona, the city of, almost destroyed by the Franks, 102.
Tartars. See Scythians. Tartary, eastern, conquest of, by Tamerlane, 1181. Tatian, and his son Proculus, destroyed by the
base arts of Rufinus, the confidential minister of the emperor Theodosius, 474. Taurus the consul, is banished by the tribunal of Tares, how the Roman citizens were exonerated Chalcedon, 344.
from the burden of, 63. Account of those insti- tuted by Augustus, 64. How raised under Con- stantine the Great, and his successors, 252. Tayef, siege of, by Mahomet, 923. Teras, the last king of the Goths, defeated and killed by the eunuch Narses, 743.
Telemachus, an Asiatic monk, loses his life at Rome, in an attempt to prevent the combat of the gladiators, 490. Temple of Jerusalem, burned, 212. History of the emperor Julian's attempt to restore it, 357. Temugin. See Zingis.
Tephrice is occupied and fortified by the Pauli- Clans, 1015.
Tertullian, his pious exultation in the expected damnation of all the pagan world, 187. Sug- gests desertion to christian soldiers, 192, note. His suspicious account of two edicts of Liberius and Marcus Antoninus, in favour of the christians,
Testaments, the Roman laws for regulating, 770. Codicils, 771.
Tetricus, assumes the empire in Gaul, at the insti- gation of Victoria, 120. Betrays his legions into the hands of Aurelian, ib. Is led in triumph by Aurelian, 124.
Thabor, mount, dispute concerning the light of, 1161.
Thanet, the island of, granted by Vortigern, as a settlement for his Saxon auxiliaries, 636. Theatrical entertainments of the Romans described, 508.
Thebean legion, the martyrdom of, apocryphal, 924, note.
Theft, the Roman laws relating to, 773. 775, 776. Themes, or military governments of the Greek em- pire, account of, 996.
Themistius, the orator, his encomium on religious toleration, 388.
Theodatus, his birth, and elevation to the throne of Italy, 698. His disgraceful treaties with the em- peror Justinian, and revolt against them, 699. His deposition and death, 701.
Theodebert, king of the Franks in Austrasia, joins the Goths in the siege and destruction of Milan, 708. Invades Italy, ib. His death, 709. Theodemir, a Gothic prince of Spain, copy of his treaty of submission to the Saracens, 960. Theodora, empress, her birth and early history, 661. Her marriage with Justinian, 662. Her tyranny, 663. Her virtues, ib. Her death, 661. Her fortitude during the Nika sedition, 666. Account of her palace and gardens of Heræum, 676. Her pious concern for the conversion of Nubia, 843.
Theodora, wife of the Greek emperor Theophilus, her history, 856. Restored the worship of images, 887. Provokes the Paulicians to rebellion, 1015, Theodora, daughter of the Greek emperor Constan- tine IX. her history, 863.
Theodora, widow of Baldwin III. king of Jerusa- lem, her adventures as the concubine of Andro- nicus Comnenus, 871.
Theodore Angelus, despot of Epirus, seizes Peter of Courtenay, emperor of Constantinople, pri- soner, 1132. Possesses himself of Thessalonica, ib.
Theodoric acquires the Gothic sceptre by the mur- der of his brother Torismond, 582. His character by Sidonius, ibid. His expedition into Spain, 583. Theodoric, the son of Alaric, his prosperous reign over the Visigoths in Gaul, 567. Unhappy fates of his daughters, 568. Is prevailed on by fius to join his forces against Attila, 571. Is killed at the battle of Chalons, 572. Theodoric, the Ostrogoth, his birth and education, 645. Is forced by his troops into a revolt against the emperor Zeno, 647. He undertakes the con- quest of Italy, ib. Reduces and kills Odoacer, 649. Is acknowledged king of Italy, ib. Review of his administration, ib. His visit to Rome, and care of the public buildings, 652. His religion, 654. His remorse, and death, 658. Theodosiopolis, the city of, in Armenia, built, 544. Theodosius the Great, his distinction between a Roman prince and a Parthian monarch, 256, note. The province of asia preserved by his valour, 412. Is associated by Gratian as empe- ror of the east, 434. His birth and character, ib. His prudent and successful conduct of the Gothic war, 435. Defeats an invasion of the Ostrogoths, 437.
- his treaty with Maximus, 442. His bap- tism, and edict to establish orthodox faith, 443. Purges the city of Constantinople from Arian- ism, 445. Enforces the Nicene doctrine through- out the east, ib. Convenes a council at Constan- tinople, 446. His edicts against heresy, 447. Receives the fugitive family of Valentinian, and marries his sister Galla, 452. Defeats Maximus. and visits Rome, ib. His character, 453. His lenity to the city of Antioch, 455. His cruel treatment of Thessalonica, 456. Submits to the penance imposed by St. Ambrose, for his seve rity to Thessalonica, 457. Restores Valentinian, ib. Consults John of Lycopolis, the hermit, on the intended war against Eugenius, 459. De- feats Eugenius, 460. His death, ib. Procures a senatorial renunciation of the pagar religion, 464. Abolishes pagan rites, 465. Prohibits the pagan religion, 468.
Theodosius the Younger, his birth, 539. Is said to be left by his father Arcadius to the care of Jez- degerd king of Persia, 540. His education and character, 541. His marriage with Eudocia, 512. His war with Persia, 543. His pious joy on the death of John, the usurper of the west, 545. His treaty with the Huns, 553. His armies defeated by Attila, 557. Is reduced to accept a peace dictated by Attila, 559. Is oppressed by the embassies of Attila, 560. Embassy of Maxi- min to Attila, 561. Is privy to a scheme for the assassination of Attila, 564, Attila's embassy to him on that occasion, ib. His death, ib.
- his perplexity at the religious feuds between Cyril and Nestorius, 824. Banishes Nestorius, 825.
Theodosius III. emperor of Constantinople, 851. Theodosius, the father of the emperor, his success- ful expedition to Britain, 404. Suppresses the revolt of Firmus the Moor, in Africa, 406. Is beheaded at Carthage, ib. Theodosius, patriarch of Alexandria, his compe- tition with Gaian, how decided, 841. His nego- ciations at the court of Byzantium, 842. Theodosius, the deacon, grandson of the emperor Heraclius, murdered by his brother Constans 11. 848.
Theodosius, the lover of Antonina, detected by Belisarius, 711. Turns monk to escape her, ab. His death, 712.
Theodotus, president of the council of Hierapolis under Constantius, his ridiculous flattery to that emperor, 340.
Theophano, wife of the Greek emperor Romanus II. poisons both him and his father, 861. Her connexion with Nicephorus Phocas, ib. His murder, and her exile, 802.
Theophilus, emperor of Constantinople, 855. His Amorian war with the caliph Motassem, 988. Theophilus, archbishop of Alexandria, destroys the temple of Serapis, and the Alexandrian li- brary, 467. Assists the persecution of St. Chry- sostom, 538. His invective against him, 539, Theophilus, his pious embassy from the emperor Constantius, to the East Indies, 300.
Theophobus, the Persian, his unfortunate history, Therapeuta, or Essenians, some account of, 200. Thermopyle, the straits of, fortified by the em- peror Justinian, 677.
Thessalonica, sedition and massacre there, 455. Cruel treatment of the citizens, ib. Penance of Theodosius for this severity, 456. Theudelinda, princess of Bavaria, married to Autharis king of the Lombards, 790. Thibaut, count of Champagne, engages in the fourth crusade, 1112.
Thomas the Cappadocian, his revolt against the Greek emperor Michael II. and cruel punish- ment, 855.
Thomas of Damascus, his exploits against the Saracens when besieging that city, 944. Thomas, St. account of the christians of, in India, 887. Persecution of, by the Portuguese, 838. Thrace, is colonised by the Bastarna, in the reign of Probus, 133. The fugitive Goths permitted to settle there by the emperor Valens, 424. Is ravaged by them, 427. The Goths settled there by Theodosius, 438. Thrasimund, king of the Vandals, his character,
Three Chapters, the famous dispute concerning, 832.
Thundering Legion, the story concerning, of sus- picious veracity, 220.
Tiberius is adopted by Augustus, 29, 30. Reduces the Pannonians, 44. Reduces Cappadocia, 65, note. Suspicious story of his edict in favour of the christians, 220.
Tiberius is invested by Justin II. as his successor in the empire of the east, 785. His character and death, 785, 786.
Timasius, master general of the army under the emperor Theodosius, is disgraced and exiled under Arcadius, 532.
Timothy the Cat, conspires the murder of Prote- rius, archbishop of Alexandria, and succeeds him, 829.
Tipasa, miraculous gift of speech bestowed on the catholics, whose tongues had been cut out there, Tiridates, king of Armenia, his character, and history, 146. Is restored to his kingdom by Diocletian, ib. Is expelled by the Persians, 147. Is restored again by treaty between the Romans and Persians, 150. His conversion to christi-
anity, and death, 265, 266.
Titus admitted to share the imperial dignity with his father Vespasian, 30.
Togrul Beg, sultan of the Turks, his reign and character, 1056. He rescues the caliph of Bag- dad from his enemies, 1057. Toledo taken by the Arabs under Tarik, 965. Toleration, universal, its happy effects in the Roman empire, 12. What sects the most in- tolerant, 81, note.
Tollius, objections to his account of the vision of Antigonus, 296, note.
Torismond, son of Theodoric, king of the Visi- goths, attends his father against Attila king of the Huns, 571. Battle of Chalons, 572. Is ac- knowledged king on the death of his father in the field, 573. Is killed by his brother Theodoric, Torture, how admitted in the criminal law of the Romans under the emperors, 251.
Totila is elected king of Italy by the Goths, 734. His justice and moderation, 735. Besieges and takes the city of Rome, 736. Is induced to spare Rome from destruction, at the instance of Beli- sarius, 738. Takes Rome again, 740. Plunders Sicily, ib. Battle of Tagina, 742. His death, Toulunides, the Saracen dynasty of, 991. Tournaments preferable exhibitions to the Olympic games, 1075.
Tours, battle of, between Charles Martel and the Saracens, 977. Toxandria, in Germany, is overrun and occupied by the Franks, 284. Traditors, in the primitive church, who, 227. Trajan, emperor, his conquest of Dacia, 3. His conquests in the east, ib. Contrast between the characters of him and Hadrian, ib. His pillar described, 19. Why adopted by the emperor Nerva, 30. His instructions to Pliny the younger for his conduct towards the christians, 214. De
scription of his famous bridge over the Danube, 676, note.
Trajan, count, his treacherous murder of Para king of Armenia, 409.
Transubstantiation, the doctrine of, when establish- ed, 1103.
Trebizond, the city of, taken and plundered by the Goths, 105. The dukes of, become independent on the Greek empire, 1128. Is yielded to the Turks, 1240.
Tribigild the Ostrogoth, his rebellion in Phrygia against the emperor Arcadius, 533. Tribune, the office of, explained, 26. Tribonian, his genius and character, 76. Is em- ployed by Justinian to reforin the code of Ro- man laws, ib.
Trinity, the mysterious doctrine of, 310. Is vio lently agitated in the schools of, Alexandria, 312. Three systems of, ib. Decisions of the council of Nice concerning, 313. Different forms of the doxology, 327. Frauds used to support the doc- trine of, 614.
Tripoli, the confederacy of, cruelly oppressed un- der the government of count Romanus, 405. Trisagion, religious war concerning, 830, Troops, Roman, their discipline, 4. When they first received pay, 63. Cause of the difficulty in levying them, 248. See Jovians, Palatines, and Prætorian bands.
Troy, the situation of that city, and of the Grecian camp of besiegers, described, 235. Turin, battle of, between Constantine the Great and the lieutenants of Maxentius, 167. Turisund, king of the Gepida, his honourable re- ception of Alboin the Lombard, who had slam his son in battle, 780.
Turks, their origin, 717. Their primitive institu- tions, ib. Their conquests, 718. Their alliance with the emperor Justinian, 719. Send auxilia ries to Heraclius, 813.
- grow powerful and licentious under the Saracens, 989. Terror excited by their menacing Europe, 1021. Their military character, 10.2. They extend themselves over Asia, 1053, Reign of Mahmud the Gaznevide, tb. Their manners and emigration, 1055. They subdue Persia, 1056. Dynasty of the Seljukians, ib. They in- vade the provinces of the Greek empire, 1058, Reformation of the eastern calendar, 1061. They conquer Asia Minor, 1062.
their capital city, Nice, taken by the cru saders, 1080. The seat of government removed to Iconium, 1091. Valour and conquests of Zenghi, 1095. Character of sultan Noureddin. 1096. Conquest of Egypt, ib. Origin and history of the Ottomans. 1171. Their first passage into Europe, 1173. Their education and discipline, 1193. Embassy from, to the em peror Sigismond, 1202. Take the city of Con- stantinople, 1236. Turpin, the romance of, by whom, and when writ
Twelve Tables, review of the laws of, 753. Their severity, 774. How the criminal code of, sunk into disuse, ib.
Tyrants of Rome, the popular conceit of the thirty, investigated, 109.
Tyre is besieged by Saladin, 1100. Tythes assigned to the clergy as well by Zoroaster as by Moses, 81, note. Were first granted to the church by Charlemagne, 891.
Vadomar, prince of the Alemanni, is sent prisoner to Spain by the emperor Julian, 337. His son murdered by the Romans, 400.
Valens, general of the Illyrian frontier, receives the title of Cæsar from Licinius, 172. Loses his new title and his life, 173. Valens, the brother of the emperor Valentinian, is associated with him in the empire, 390. Obtains from his brother the eastern portion of the em- pire, ib. His timidity on the revolt of Pro pius, 392. His character, 394. Is baptized by Eudoxus, and patronizes the Arians, 36 s vindicated from the charge of persecution, th His edict against the Egyptian monks, 397. His war with the Goths, 410. Receives the suppliant Goths into the Roman territories, 424. His war with them, 497. Is defeated and killed at the battle of Hadrianople, 431. His eulogium by Libanius, 432.
Valens, the Arian bishop of Mursa, his crafty pre- tension to divine revelation, 318. Valentia, a new province in Britain, settled by Theodosius, 404.
Valentinian I, his election to the empire, and cha- racter, 389. Associates his brother Valens, with him, 390. Divides the empire into the Fast and West, and retains the latter, ib. His cruelty, 394. His civil institutions, ib. His edits to restrain the avarice of the clergy, 397. Chastises the Alemanni, and fortifies the Rhine, 400, His expedition to Illyricum, and death. 410. 1s vi dicated from the charge of polygamy, 413. Valentinian II. is invested with the imperial ments in his mother's arms, on the death of father, 413. Is refused by St. Ambrose the pri vilege of a church for him and his mother Jus tina, on account of their Arian principles, 44. His flight from the invasion of Maximus, 451 Is restored by the emperor Theodosius, 457. His character, 458. His death, 18. l'alentinian III. is established emperor of the west, by his cousin Theodosius the Younger, 545. Is committed to the guardianship of his mother Placidia, 546. Flies, on the invasion of Italy by Attila, 575. Sends an embassy to Attila to pur chase his retreat, 576. Murders the patrician Etius, 578. Ravishes the wife of Petromus Mar imus, ib. His death, and character, id.
Valentinians, their confused ideas of the divinity of Jesus Christ. 819, note. V'alerta, empress, widow of Galerius, the unfor- tunate fates of her and her mother, 171. Valerian is elected censor under the emperor Decius, 98. His elevation to the empire, and his character, 11. Is defeated and taken pri- soner by Sapor king of Persia, 107. His treat- ment, 109. His inconsistent behaviour toward the christians, 202. Vandals. See Groths.
their successes in Spain. 547. Their expe- dition into Africa under Genseric, ih. They raise a naval force and invade Italy, 579. Sack of Rome, 580. Their naval depredations on the coast of the Mediterranean, 389. Their con- version to the christi n religion, 609. Persecu tion of the catholics, 612.
Vandals, expedition of Belisarius against Gelmer, 687. Conquest of, 692. Their name and distine-
tion lost in Africa, 64. Remains of their nation still found in Germany, 695. Varanes. See Bahram,
Varangians of the north, origin and history of, 1026.
Varronian, the infant son of the emperor Jovian, his history, 388.
Vataces, John, his long and prosperous reign at Nice, 1132. 1135. His character, 1141. Vegermus, his remarks on the degeneracy of the Roman discipline at the time of Theodosius the Great, 461.
Vesi, the size of that city, the æra of the Roman army first receiving regular pay, 63. Venice, foundation of that republic, 574. Its infant state under the exarchs of Ravenna, 788. Its growth and prosperity at the time of the fourth crusade, 1113. Alliance with France, ib. Di- vides the Greek empire with the French, 1125. Veratius, his mode of obeying the law of the twelve tables respecting personal insults, 773. Verina, empress, the widow of Leo, deposes Zeno, 646. Her turbulent life, ib.
Verona, siege of, by Constantine the Great, 167. Pattle of, between Stilicho the Roman general, and Alaric the Goth, 489.
Verres, why his punishment was inadequate to his offences, 775.
Vespasian, his prudence in sharing the imperial dignity with his son Litus, 30.
Vestals, Roman, their number and peculiar office, 462.
Vetranio, the Roman general in Illyricum, assumes the purple, and enters into an alliance with the Gaulish usurper Magnentius, 269. Is reduced to abdicate his new dignity, £70. Victoria exercises the government over the legions and province of Gaul, 190. Victory, her statue and altar, in the senate-house at Rome, described, 463. The senate petitions the christian emperors to have it restored, ib. Vigilantius, the presbyter, is abused by Jerom for opposing monkish superstition, 470, note. Vigils, interpreter to the embassy from Theodo- sius the Younger to Attila, is privy to a scheme for the assassination of Attila, 560. Is detected by Attila, 564.
Vigilius purchases the papal chair of Belisarius and his wife, 705. Instigates the emperor Jus- tinian to resume the conquest of Italy, 740. Vine, its progress, from the time of Homer, 21. Virgil, his fourth eclogue interpreted into a pro- phecy of the coming of the Messiah, 298. Is the most ancient writer who mentions the manufac- ture of silk, 668. Vitalian, the Gothic chief, is treacherously mur- dered at Constantinople, 659. Vitalianus, prætorian præfect under the emperor Maximin, put to death by order of the senate, 71. Vitellius, emperor, his character, 32.
Vitiges, general of the barbarians under Theodatus king of Italy, is by his troops declared king of Italy, 701. He besieges Belisarius in Rome, ið, Is forced to raise the siege, 707. He is besieged by Belisarius in Ravenna, 709. Is taken pri- soner in Ravenna, 710. Conforms to the Atha- nasian faith, and is honourably settled in Asia, th. His embassy to Chosroes king of Persia, 723. Vitruvius, the architect, his remarks on the build- ings of Rome, 509.
Visir, derivation of that appellation, 917, note. Ukrame, description of that country, 97. Uldin, king of the Huns, reduces and kills Gainas the Goth, 536. Is driven back by the vigilance of the imperial ministers, 540. Ulphilas, the apostle of the Goths, his pious labours, 609. Propagated Arianism, 611. Ulpian, the lawyer, placed at the head of the coun- cil of state, under the emperor Alexander Seve- rus, 60. Is murdered by the prætorian guards.62. Voconian law abolished the right of female in- heritance, 770. How evaded, 772. Voltaire prefers the labarum of Constantine to the angel of Licinius, 296, note. His reflections on the expenses of a siege, 644, note. Vortigern, king of South Britain, his invitation of the Saxons for assistance against his enemies, 636.
Fouti, emperor of China, his exploits against the Huns, 420.
Ipsal, anciently famous for its Gothic temple, 96. Urban II. pope, patronizes Peter the Hermit in his project for recovering the Holy Land, 1067, Exhorts the people to a crusade, at the council of Clermont, 1068.
Urban V. pope, removes the papal court from Avignon to Rome, 1268.
Urban VI. pope, his disputed election, 1269. Ursacius, master of the offices under the emperor Valentinian, occasions a revolt of the Alemanni by his parsimony, 399.
Ursicinus, a Roman general, his treacherous con- duct to Sylvanus in Gaul, 279. Is superseded in his command over the eastern provinces, 284. Is sent back again to conduct the war with Persia under Sabinian, 16. Is again disgraced, ib. Ursini, history of the Roman family of, 1257. Ursulus, treasurer of the empire under Constan- tius, unjustly put to death by the tribunal of Chalcedon, 344.
Usury. See Interest of money.
Walachians, the present, descendants from the Roman settlers in ancient Dacia, 117, note. Wales is settled by British refugees from Saxon tyranny, 638, 639. The bards of, 640. Wallia is chosen king of the Goths, 526. He re- duces the barbarous invaders of Spain, ib. Is settled in Aquitain, ib.
War and robbery, their difference, 905. Evolu- tions and military exercise of the Greeks, 1006. Military character of the Saracens, 1007. Of the Franks and Latins, 1008. Warburton, bishop of Gloucester, his literary character, 357, note. His labours to establish the miraculous interruption to Julian's building the temple of Jerusalein. 358. notes. Warna, battle of, between the sultan Amurath II. and Ladislaus, king of Hungary and Poland,
Werdan, the Greek general, defeated by the Sara- cens at Aiznadin, 943.
Wheat, the average price of, under the successors of Constantine the Great, 307, note. Whitaker, Mr. remarks on his account of the Irish descent of the Scottish nation, 403, note. White, Mr. Arabic professor at Oxford, character of his sermens at Bampton's lecture, 977, note.
Zachary, pope, pronounces the deposition of Chil- deric, king of France, and the appointment of Pepin to succeed him, 884.
Zano, brother of Gelimer the Vandal usurper, conquers Sardinia, 691. Is recalled to assist his brother, ib. Is killed, ib.
Zara, a city on the Sclavonian coast, reduced by the crusaders for the republic of Venice, 1115. Zenghi, sultan, his valour and conquests, 1095. Zeno, emperor of the east, receives a surrender of the imperial government of the western empire from the senate of Rome, 599. The vicissitudes of his life and reign, 646. His Henoticon, 829. Zenobia, queen of Palmyra, her character and history, 120.
Zingis, first emperor of the Moguls and Tartars, parallel between him and Attila, king of the Huns, 554. His proposal for improving his conquests in China, 557. His birth and early military exploits, 1164. His laws, 1165. His invasion of China, ib. Carisme, Transoxiana, and Persia, 1166. His death, 1167. Zizais, a noble Sarmatian, is made king of that nation by the emperor Constantius, 281. Zobeir, the Saracen, his bravery in the invasion of Africa, 959.
Zoe, first the concubine, becomes the fourth wife, of the emperor Leo the philosopher, 859. Zoe, wife of Romanus 111. and Michael IV. emperors, 863.
Zoroaster, the Persian prophet, his high antiquity, 79, note. Abridgment of his theology, ib. Pro- vides for the encouragement of agriculture, 80. Assigns tythes to the priests, 81, note. Zosimus, his representation of the oppression of the lustral contribution, 255.
Zuinglius, the Reformer, his conceptions of the Eucharist, 1018.
Zurich, brief history of that city, 1246,
BUNGAY: STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY J. R. AND C. CHILDS.
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