Elements of Mental Philosophy, Embracing the Two Departments of the Intellect and the Sensibilities, Volum 1

Forside
Harper & brothers., 1856

Inni boken

Innhold

This primary truth not founded on reasoning
28
IMMATERIALITY OF THE MIND 14 On the meaning of the terms material and immaterial
30
Difference between mind and matter shown from language 16 Their different nature shown by their respective properties
31
The souls immateriality indicated by the feeling of identity
32
The material doctrine makes a man a machine 19 No exact correspondence between the mental and bodily state
34
Evidence of this want of exact correspondence
35
Comparative state of the mind and body in dreaming
36
The great works of genius an evidence of immateriality
37
The doctrine of materiality inconsistent with future existence
39
LAWS OF BELief 24 Of belief its degrees and its sources 21 22 24 25 26 26
41
Memory and testimony considered as sources of belief
42
Objection to reliance on testimony
44
Of relative suggestion as a ground of belief
45
Of reasoning as a ground or law of belief
46
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION 30 The mind may be regarded in a threefold point of view 442448
47
Evidence of the general arrangement from consciousness
48
Evidence of the same from the terms found in different languages
50
Further proof from various writers on the mind
53
Classification of the intellectual states of the mind
55
DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART FIRST THE ...
57
ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL 36 Connexion of the mind with the material world
59
Of the origin or beginnings of knowledge
60
Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin
62
Further proof of the beginnings of knowledge from external causes
64
The same subject further illustrated
65
Subject illustrated from the case of James Mitchell
66
Illustration from the case of Caspar Hauser
67
Of connatural or innate knowledge
69
The doctrine of innate knowledge not susceptible of proof
70
The doctrine tried by the idea of a
71
On the sensations of heat and cold
72
The discussion of this subject superseded and unnecessary
73
Further remarks on the rise of knowledge by means of the senses
74
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 48 Sensation a simple mental state originating in the senses 49 All sensation is properly and truly in the mind
76
Page 99
77
50
78
The connexion between the mental and physical change not sus ceptible of explanation 52 Of the meaning and nature of perception
80
53
81
Of the secondary qualities of matter
82
55
83
THE SENSES OF SMELL AND TASTE 56 Nature and importance of the senses as a source of knowledge
84
Of the connexion of the brain with sensation and perception
85
Order in which the senses are to be considered
86
Of the sense and sensation of smell 60 Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations 61 Of the sense and sensation of taste
87
Design and uses of the senses of smell and taste
89
THE SENSE OF HEARING 63 Organ of the sense of hearing
90
Nature of sonorous bodies and the medium of the communication of sound
91
Varieties of the sensation of sound
92
Manner in which we learn the place of sounds
93
Application of these views to the art of ventriloquism
94
Uses of hearing and its connexion with oral language
96
THE SENSE OF TOUCH
97
70
98
71
99
73
102
74
103
Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified
104
76
105
Statement of the mode or process in visual perception
106
Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight
107
The idea of extension not originally from sight
108
80
109
81
111
82
112
83
114
HERE
115
84
116
Of objects seen on the ocean
117
Supposed feelings of a being called into existence in the full pos session of his powers CHAP VII OF RELIANCE ON THE SENSES
118
Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief
119
Conceptions which are joined with perceptions
120
Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations
121
87
122
89
123
90
125
91
127
92
129
93
130
94
131
96
133
Of the sense of touch and its sensations in general 70 Idea of externality suggested in connexion with the touch 3865 97
134
HABITS OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION 98 General view of the law of habit and of its applications
135
Of habit in relation to the smell
137
Of habit in relation to the taste
138
Of habit in relation to the hearing
140
Of certain universal habits based on sounds 140
142
Application of habit to the touch
143
Habits considered in relation to the sight 104 Other striking instances of habits of touch
146
Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine 110 Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine 107 Of habits as modified by particular cal...
150
The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects 106 Sensations may possess a relative as well as positiv...
151
152
152
MUSCULAR HABITS 111 Instances in proof of the existence of muscular habits
154
Muscular habits regarded by some writers as involuntary
155
Objections to the doctrine of involuntary muscular habits
156
CONCEPTIONS 114 Meaning and characteristics of conceptions
158
Of conceptions of objects of sight
159
Of the influence of habit on our conceptions
161
Of the senses sinking to sleep in succession
166
General remarks on cases of somnambulism
167
SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXNESS OF MENTAL STATES 122 Origin of the distinction of simple and complex
168
Nature and characteristics of simple mental states 124 Simple mental states not susceptible of definition 125 Simple mental states representative of a re...
169
The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood
173
Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind
174
ities
177
Imperfections of our complex notions of external objects
178
ABSTRACTION 134 Abstraction implied in the analysis of complex ideas
180
Instances of particular abstract ideas
181
Mental process in separating and abstracting them
182
Of generalizations of particular abstract mental states
183
Of the importance and uses of abstraction CHAP XIII GENERAL ABSTRACT IDEAS
184
Process in classification or the forming of genera and species 141 Early classifications sometimes incorrect 142 Illustration of our earliest classificatio...
185
Objection sometimes made to the existence of general notions
190
The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c
191
Of general abstract truths or principles 147 Of the speculations of philosophers and others
192
Of different opinions formerly prevailing
193
Of the opinions of the Realists
194
Of the opinions of the Nominalists 151 Of the opinions of the Conceptualists 152 Further remarks of Brown on general abstractions CHAP XIV OF A...
195
154
199
155
200
156
202
Alleged inability to command the attention
203
158
204
159
205
Dreams are often caused by our sensations
206
Reasons for considering this subject here
216
Meaning of association and illustrations
217
Of the general laws of association
218
Bection DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF THE MIND PART SEC...
219
Resemblance in every particular not necessary
220
INTERNAL ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE 169 The soul has fountains of knowledge within
221
Declaration of Locke that the soul has knowledge in itself
222
Opinions of Cudworth on the subject of internal knowledge
223
Further remarks of the same writer on this subject
224
Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary
225
Writers who have objected to the doctrine of an internal source of knowledge 174 Knowledge begins in the senses but has internal accessions 175 Ins...
226
Secondary law of repetition or habit
227
Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion
228
Original difference in the mental constitution
229
The foregoing law as applicable to the sensibilities
230
Imperfections attendant on classifications in mental philosophy
231
ORIGINAL SUGGESTION 177 Import of suggestion and its application in Reid and Stewart
232
Association sometimes misleads our judgments
233
Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity
234
Connexion of our ideas of extension and time
235
Origin of the idea of externality
236
Idea of matter or material existence
237
Origin of the idea of motion
238
Of the nature of unity and the origin of that notion
239
Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession
240
Origin of the notion of duration
241
Of time and its measurements and of eternity 186 Marks or characteristics of time 187 The idea of space not of external origin
243
250
246
Characteristic marks of the notion of space
247
Of the origin of the idea of power
249
Origin of the idea of the first or primitive
250
Of the ideas of right and wrong
251
Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit
252
Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion
253
Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas
254
CONSCIOUSNESS 196 Consciousness the second source of internal knowledge its nature
256
Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness
257
198
258
199
259
Of committing to writing as a means of aiding the memory
260
200
261
Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise
262
203
263
204
264
205
265
207
266
Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause 164 Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause 165 Of our estimate of time in dreaming 209
268
210
270
211
271
Of high and low notes in music 237 Connexion of the ideas of extension and colour
295
Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion
299
Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject
300
Whether there be meaning in words 238 Tendency of the mind to pass from the sign to the thing signified
301
Whether there be heat in fire
302
Page
303
Power of the will over mental associations 302
305
Association controlled by indirect voluntary power 244 Further illustrations of indirect voluntary power CHAP VIII MEMORY 305
306
Of memory as a ground or law of belief
310
Of differences in the strength of memory
311
Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity
312
Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory
314
Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity 314
315
Further illustrations of philosophic memory
317
Of that species of memory called intentional recollection
318
Instance illustrative of the preceding
319
257
325
258
327
259
329
261
330
262
331
263
333
First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the
338
Second cause of permanently excited conceptions or apparitions Neglect of periodical bloodletting
339
Methods of relief adopted in this case
340
Third cause of excited conceptions Attacks of fever
341
Fourth cause of apparitions and other excited conceptions In flammation of the brain Page
342
Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning
344
Meaning of the term and kinds of insanity
345
Of disordered or alienated sensations
346
Of disordered or alienated external perception
347
Disordered state or insanity of original suggestion
348
Unsoundness or insanity of consciousness
349
Of reasoning à posteriori
350
Disordered or alienated association Lightheadedness
351
Illustrations of this mental disorder
352
Of partial insanity or alienation of the memory
353
Of the power of reasoning in the partially insane
354
Instance of the above form of disordered reasoning
355
DEMONSTRATIVE REASONING
356
Partial mental alienation by means of the imagination
357
Insanity or alienation of the power of belief
358
Idea of total insanity or delirium
359
Of perception in cases of total or delirious insanity
360
Of association in delirious insanity
361
Of the influence of demonstrative reasoning on the mental char
362
Caution to be used in reasoning from analogy
368
s on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth
379
Imagination an intellectual process closely related to reasoning
383
Definition of the power of imagination CHAP XIV IMAGINATION
384
Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination
385
Further remarks on the same subject
386
Illustration from the writings of Dr Reid 311 Grounds of the preference of one conception to another 312 Illustration of the subject from Milton 313 ...
387
318
396
319
397
20 Feelings of sympathy aided by the imagination
398
COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL ORIGIN 321 Of complex ideas of external origin
399
Nature of complex ideas of internal origin 323 Of complex notions formed by the repetition of the same thing
400
Of the help afforded by names in the combination of numbers
401
Instances of complex notions made up of different simple ideas
402
Not the same internal complex ideas in all languages
404
Origin of the complex notion of a Supreme Being
406
Section DIVISION FIRST THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING
409
CONNEXION OF THE MIND AND BODY 328 Disordered intellectual action connected with the body
411
The mind constituted on the principle of a connexion with the body
412
Illustration of the subject from the effects of old
413
The connexion of the bodily system with the mental shown from the effects resulting from diseases
414
Shown also from the effects of stimulating drugs and gases
415
Influence on the body of excited imagination and passion
416
This doctrine of use in explaining mental phenomena
417
EXCITED CONCEPTIONS OR APPARITIONS 335 Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general 336 Of the less permanent excited concepti...
418
437
437
Of the memory in connexion with delirious insanity 364 Of the power of reasoning in total or delirious insanity 365 Of the form of insanity called fu...
Of the imputation of insanity to individuals
Of the treatment of the insane

Andre utgaver - Vis alle

Vanlige uttrykk og setninger

Populære avsnitt

Side 409 - and suffering, they have still greater anxieties; their hours of sorrow are often more numerous than those of any other class of persons. It was well inquired by King Henry in Shakspeare, VOL. I.—LL " What infinite heart's ease must kings neglect, That private men enjoy 1 And what have kings, that privates have not too, Save ceremony, save general ceremony
Side 234 - which experience furnisheth the understanding with ideas, is the perception of the operations of our own minds within us, as it is employed about the ideas it has got; which operations, when the soul comes to reflect on and consider, do furnish
Side 410 - fanned his blood. He had seen no sun, no moon, in all that time; nor had the voice of friend or kinsman breathed through his lattice.—His children—but here my heart began to bleed, and I was forced to go on with another part of the portrait." CHAPTER XV. COMPLEX IDEAS OF INTERNAL
Side 297 - Yet the first bringer of unwelcome news Hath but a losing office; and his tongue Sounds ever after as a sullen bell, Remember'd knolling a departed friend." CHAPTER VI. ASSOCIATION. (ll.) SECONDARY LAWS.
Side 150 - he could easily distinguish. On emptying the hogshead, there was found at the bottom an old key with a leathern thong tied to it. Another practical view of this subject, however, presents itself here. The sensations which we experience in this and in other like cases, not only acquire by repetition greater niceness and discrimination, but increased
Side 238 - vor der Erfahrung vorher, und mit dieser fangt alle an. Wenn aber gleich alle unsere Erkenntniss mit der Erfahrung anhebt, so entspringt sie darum doch nicht eben alle aus der Erfahrung. Denn es
Side 347 - In a Catholic town of Germany, a young woman of four or five-and-twenty, who could neither read nor write, was seized with a nervous fever, during which she was incessantly talking Greek, Latin, and Hebrew, with much
Side 404 - he looks upon the world, as it were, in another light, and discovers in it a multitude of charms that conceal themselves from the generality of mankind.
Side 458 - proof of his dogma, to a dozen of closets, and unfolds ten thousand drawings; but will not let you open your lips to propose a difficulty, and crams a solution down your throat before you have uttered half a syllable of your objection. " He is as meager as the picture of famine
Side 216 - light of its being suited to the intellectual nature of man, and as the appropriate incentive and reward of intellectual activity, ought to be frequently impressed.—" I saw D'Alembert," says a recent writer, " congratulate a young man very coldly who brought him a solution of a problem. The young man said,

Bibliografisk informasjon