take away from another (dat.) is both contrary to justice and against nature. He plucks the sword [from] the scabbard. Finally (that it was better præstare) to be killed in battle than not to recover [their] former renown in war (gen.) and the liberty which they received (subj.) from [their] ancestors. Cæsar, (having sent præmisso) his cavalry, follows [with] all his forces. These things being transacted, all Gaul being subdued, so great an opinion of this war (prevailed perlūta est, among ad) the barbarians, that ambassadors were sent (impf. subj.) to Cæsar from the nations which (lived incolerent) beyond the Rhine, who promised (impf. subj.) (that they would give him hostages, and submit to his commands se obsides datūras, imperata factūras). And now the day had shortened the (mid-day medias) shadows of things, and the sun was distant, (equally ex æquo) [from] either (extremity of heaven meta). O Pyramus, she exclaimed, what calamity has taken thee from me (dat.)? He converted the earth (plur.) into the form of a sea, and took away (the harvests opes) [from] the husbandmen. I have received from Aristocritus three letters, which I have nearly obliterated with [my] tears. (Thou actest facis) absurdly, (to torment qui angas) thyself in mind (gen.).

To take away, aufero: to take away, detraho; contrary to, (alienum a): he plucks, eripio: finally, postremò; battle, acies: being transacted, gestus; being subdued, pacatus: a sea, fretum: to obliterate, deleo.

PHRASES..
2. He

1. I am not in fault. attends to philosophy. 3. I am not at leisure. 4. He stripped him of his goods.

1. To set out where the walls of a city should be. 2. To demolish a town.

1. To run through so many dangers, and to die. 2. To be free from the obligation of an oath.

1. To lose one's labour, not without a cause. 2. I would

1. Vaco culpa (abl.). 2. Vaco philosophia (dat.). 3. Non vaco (3 pers. ego dat.). 4. Exuo is bonum.

1. Urbs designo aratrum (abl.) or mœnia designo sulcus (abl.). 2. Imprimo murus (dat. pl.) hos tilis (acc.) aratrum (acc.)

1. Fungor tot periculum, et fungor fatum. 2. Solvo religio sacramentum.

1. Opěra abūtor, non injuria (abl.). 2. Paucus

speak a little with thee, and will (abl. pl.) (te) volo, et pautell it briefly.

1. To come to be a man. 2. Hear me a little; I have just cause to be angry.

To go to law, and swear with a safe conscience.

To sit still and do nothing, and to grow stiff.

To have two strings to one's bow, and to guess right.

cus (abl. pl.) do.

1. Excedo ex ephebus (pl.). 2. Ausculto paucus (abl. pl.), jus (abl.) (irascor.)

Lis (acc. pl.) sequor, et liquidus (abl. sing.) juro. Compressus (abl. pl.) manus (abl. pl.) sedeo, et congělo otium (abl.) Duplex spes (abl.) utor, et conjectura (abl.) consequor.

Recapitulatory Exercise.

Ye have before [your] eyes Catiline, that most audacious of men. And now the (high summa) tops of the villages (at a distance procul) smoke. The friendship of Orestes and Pylădes (acquired adepta est) immortal fame (among posterity apud posteros). The greatest of benefits are those which we receive from our parents. (No beast nulla beluarum) is wiser than the elephant. There is no one of us without fault. Ripheus (also et) falls, (who qui unus) was the most just (among in) the Trojans, and (the strictest in integrity servantissimus aqui). Orgetorix was by far the noblest and richest (among apud) the Swiss. O harp! the ornament of Phoebus, and acceptable at the banquets of supreme Jupiter. (Some pars) think [that] a thousand verses like mine (gen.) might be spun out in a day. Diogenes, being asked at what age a wife may be taken, said, "By young men not as yet, by old men never." He drew a ditch of twenty feet with perpendicular sides. The goats themselves shall bring home their udders, distended with milk. Aurora opened the purple doors and (the courts atria) full of roses. And around the Trojan matrons [stand] dishevelled [as to their] hair, (according to custom de more). What is more shameful or more base than an effeminate man? Caïus Lælius, when an ill-born fellow said to him [that] he was unworthy of his ancestors, replied, "But, by Hercules, thou art not unworthy of thine." The authority of the senate [has been] betrayed to a (most virulent acerrimo) enemy; your power [has been] betrayed;

the republic (has been set to sale venālis fuit) at home and abroad. It is more laborious to conquer one's self than an enemy. (The more quo) ignorant any one [is], (the more co) impudent. The longer Simonides considered the nature of God, the more obscure the thing appeared to him. This condition [was] so much the more grievous to them, by how much it was the later. He pays to me the money with his own hand. To every one his own verses are the most beautiful. We have seen the breast (of thee tuum), a simple man. He drew two weapons out of his arrow-bearing quiver, of different workmanship: the one drives away love, the other causes love. He acquired to himself the greatest glory. I hate a wise man, who is not wise to himself. In all things, the agreement of all nations is (to be thought putanda) the law of nature. It is [the duty] of soldiers to obey their general. It is [the part] of a magnanimous man, [in] agitated affairs, (to pardon conservare) the multitude, [and] to punish the guilty. Propitious [virgin], pity, I pray, the son and the sire; for thou canst [effect] all [things]. (It is the part of a Roman Romanum est) to act and to suffer bravely (adj. neut. plur.). He condemns his son-in-law of wickedness. He was charged with this crime in the assembly by his enemies. He assassinates Polydorus, and by violence (possesses potitur) his gold (abl.). Thou art accustomed to forget nothing (but nisi) injuries (acc.). (Wherefore quippe) all, forgetting their wives (gen.) and children, and (their distant longinque a domo) warfare, (regarded ducebant) the Persian gold, and the wealth of the whole East, as now their own plunder (acc.); nor (did they think of meminerant) the war and the dangers, but of [these] riches. No man can serve pleasure and virtue (at the same time simul). (But most of the youth cæterùm ju ventus plerăque especially maximè of the nobility nobilium) favoured (impf. sing.) the undertakings of Catiline. I envy not indeed the good fortune or condition of any citizen or fellow-soldier; nor do I wish, by depressing another, (to exalt extulisse) myself. They often advise her that she should moderate [her] love, (dat.) and apply consolation to [her] inattentive (lit. deaf) mind. Eneas commands [his] associates to bend [their] course, and to turn [their] prows [towards] land; and joyous (he enters succedit) the shady river. Compare ye this peace (with cum) that war. We have (est put for habea ripe apples. I have a pipe (composed compacta) of seven

unequal (reeds cicutis). The sea is a destruction to greedy mariners. To these [men] ease, riches, (desirable optanda) to others, were a burden and misery. Hunger teaches a man many [things]. Can I teach thee letters? How many more men have been destroyed by the violence of men, that is, by wars and seditions, than by every (other reliquá) calamity! Never shall he disconcert me (by his measures consilio), never (shall he baffle pervertet) me by any artifice! Thrice had Achilles dragged Hector round the Trojan walls, and was selling the breathless corpse for gold. The eager man bought it (for as much as tanti quanti) Pythius wished. Hephaestion was dead (whom quem num) Alexander, (as quod) might be easily understood, had valued very highly. All are rich, say the Stoics, who can enjoy (the air cœlo) and the earth. Go from the city, Catiline, free the republic from fear; go, if thou waitest for that word, into banishment. Use [thy] ears more frequently than thy tongue. He rescued me [from] death (dat.). This speech (being ended habita), he dismissed the council. Cæsar ordered the gates to be shut, and the soldiers to depart from the town, lest the inhabitants should receive any injury from the soldiers by night. These things being transacted, all Gaul (being pacified pacātá), so great an opinion of this war prevailed among the barbarians, that ambassadors were sent to Cæsar from the nations which lived beyond the Rhine, (who qua) promised that they would give him hostages, (and submit to his commands imperāta facturas).

He was

ADAM.-RULE 28.*

PASSIVE VERBS.

MODEL.

condemned for Proditionis est damtreason. Small things are com- nātus. Parva magnis pared with great.

conferuntur.

*Whatever is the accusative after an active verb must be the nominative to it after a passive verb, whilst the other case is retained un

der the government of the verb, and cannot become its nomina

tive; as,

ACT.

Do tibi LIBRUM.

Narras FABULAM surdo.
Capitis EUM condemnârunt.

PATERAM vino implevit.

PASS.

Datur tibi LIBER.

Surdo FABULA narratur.
Capitis ILLE est condemnatus.
Vino PATERA est impleta.

When there are two accusatives, that of the person becomes the nominative; as,

ACT.

Docebat PUEROs grammaticam.

PASS.

PUERI docebantur grammaticam.

It is therefore to be remembered, that nothing but that which is in the accusative after the active verb, whether denoting a person or a thing, can be the nominative to the verb in the passive voice; as,

ACT.

Persuadeo hoc tibi.
Hoc tibi dixi.

PASS.

Hoc tibi persuadetur, not Tu persuaderis.
Hoc tibi dictum est, not Dictus es.

In the expression Tu dictus es, tu denotes the subject of discourse, or the person oF WHOM, not the person TO WHOM, information is given. Hence it is, that, if a verb does not govern the accusative in the active voice, it can have no passive, unless impersonally; thus we say, Resisto tibi, and cannot, therefore, say Tu resisteris, but Tibi resistitur. See more on this subject in Grant's Institutes, p. 210.

1

To this we may add, that the nominative to the active verb must be the ablative with a or ab after the passive verb; as,

ACT.

Arma fecit VULCANUS Achilli.
ROMULUS Condidit Romam.

PASS.

Arma facta sunt Achilli a VULCANO.
Roma condita est a Romulo.