a relative and verb, and for a conjunction and verb; as, passus, for passus est: Multa quoque et bello passus dum conderet urbem. A compound is often used instead of its simple word, and the simple word instead of its compound: as, mittite, for omittite: Experti, revocate animos, mostumque timorem Mittite; forsan et hæc olim meminisse juvabit. A repetition of a word or of several words may sometimes be used, instead of a conjunction, to connect the parts of a sentence; as, nunc: Nunc omnis ager, nunc omnis parturit arbos; Nunc frondent sylvæ; nunc formosissimus annus. The verb sum may sometimes be elegantly changed into a verb neuter; as, horrent, for sunt: Namque aliæ turpes horrent, ceu pulvere ab alto Cùm venit, et terram sicco spuit ore viator. The verb sum, with a dative expressed or understood, is often elegantly used for habeo; as, sunt nobis poma, for habemus poma: Hic tamen hanc mecum poteris requiescere noctem Fronde viridi. super An active verb may sometimes be changed into the passive voice, and a neuter verb into a verb impersonal, by altering the construction of the sentence; as, insidiis capiere, for insidie capient te: Si verò solem ad rapidum lunasque sequentes The case of a substantive may often be changed without violating the rules of syntax; as, delphinum, for delphinibus: Delphinum similes, qui per maria humida nando. Carpathium Libycumque secant, luduntque per undas. Any word may be changed into a synonymous term or a word of the same signification that word, however, is always to be preferred in versification, which expresses the idea most clearly, most forcibly, and most poetically. All the preceding changes of words cannot strictly be referred to enallage, neither have all the changes been specified, which the in troduction of this figure often occasions; those only have been men tioned, which are of the most frequent assistance in versification, and which do not require of the young student any considerable knowledge of the idiom of the language, or of the usage of the poets. The situation of one word is required to be changed in each verse of the following exercises, except in those lines which are designed to exemplify the foregoing observations. EXERCISES. Singular and Plural. 1. Time passes on; and we in the silently fleeting years grow old; And the days glide away, no curb restraining them. Tempus labor; tacitusque senesco annus; Et fugio, non frænum remorans, dies.. 2. My father sways the sceptre of Asia, than which there is not a happier land, Scarcely is it possible to pass over its extensive boundaries. Sceptrum parens Asia, qui nullus beatior ora, Finibus immensis vix, teneo, obeunda. 3. Jove had nodded his assent; each pole was made to tremble by his nod; And Atlas felt the weight of the heaven. Jupiter annuo; tremefactus uterque nutus 4. My mother held me fast, and added also these words with her rosy lips; "O my son, what great provocation thus excites your ungoverned anger? Why are you thus enraged ? or whither has your regard for me fled?" Contineo, roseusque ore hic insuper addo; 66 'Natus, quis indomitus tantus dolor excito ira? 5. All the grove is shattered; the storms tear off the ancient Branches of the trees; and, though for ages penetrated by no Sun, the bowers of shady Lycæus have been laid open. Omnis nemus frangor; rapio antiquus procella 6. There let the spices, which fertile Panchaia sends forth, And the Eastern Arabians, and rich Assyria, And there also let tears be poured forth in remembrance of me. Thus do I wish verses to be composed on my remains. Illuc merx, qui mitto pinguis Panchaia, Eousque Arabes, et Assyria dives, Et ego memor lacrymæ fundor eòdem. Sic ego componor velim versus in os. 7. His natal day is come; let us utter before the altars propitious words. Thou, O man, and thou, O woman, whosoever thou art that drawest near, refrain from every adverse sound. Let sacred incense be burned; let the odours be burned, Which the soft Arabians send from their fertile land. Bonus verbum dico, venio natalis, ad ara. Quisquis adsum, vir mulierque linguâ fave. Qui tener e terra dives mitto Arabs. 8. I desire not riches, nor yet would I be so meanly poor, That a rich man may disdain to enter my house. May a friendly circle also, before my spacious fire, Delight to beguile with me the dulness of a winter night with amusing tales. Divitiæ non peto, nec sim tam sordidè egenus, Quin egocum historia ad largus ignis circulus Adjective and Adverb. 9. You spend your quiet hours of leisure delightfully a home; your sweet Children smile around you, and run to you for kisses. Lætè ago securus domesticus otia; dulcis Arrideo circùm, et propéro ad osculum natus. 10. The lands produce harvest, when, by the heat of the burning dog star, The earth annually yields the yellow ears of corn. Rus messis fero, calidus quum sidus æstus Depono flavus quotannis (annuus) terra coma. 11. The winds, being changed, roar in an opposite direction, And from the lowering west Spring up; and the air is condensed into a cloud. Mutatus transversè fremo, et vesper ab ater Consurgo ventus; atque aër in nubes cogor. 12. The trees also appear to mourn, their leaves being gone, And the birds do not sweetly sing. Quinetiam ramus positus lugeo videor frons, Adjective and Substantive. 13. O son of Æson, fickle and more inconstant than the breeze of spring, Why are your words without their promised weight? Mobilis, Esonide, verisque incertior aura, Cur tuus verbum pollicitus pondus careo 14. At a fixed hour also the morning leads through the realms Etherial the rosy dawn, and diffuses the light around. Tempus item certus roseus per ora Matūta Ethereus aurora defero, et lumen (enall.) pando. 15. But neither do I always remain confined in my house or in the city; Nor does the vernal season pass away unenjoyed by me. Sed neque sub tectum semper, nec lateo (enall.) in urbs ; 16. Then in the gate, with his mouth encompassed with serpents, black Cerberus Howls, and stands as a sentinel before the gates of brass. Tum niger in porta serpentum os Cerberus strido, -et aris excubo ante fores. 17. Nor does she believe that the winter uninjurious destroys not the roses, That the cold months of the year are gay with the herbs of other months, Nor that the shoots of spring fear not the tempestuous Boötes. Nec credo quòd bruma innoxius rosa servo, Quòd gelidus alienus rubeo gramen (enall.) mensis, Α 18. I do not ask for paternal riches, and the fruits Which a treasured harvest afforded to an ancient ancestor. small field is enough for me; it is enough for me if I am able to live at peace in my cottage, And to rest my weary limbs on my accustomed couch. Non ego divitiæ patrius fructusque requiro, Qui fero antiquus avus conditus messis. 19. Wherefore take courage, for neither does the wisdom of the deity Exercise itself in vain, nor will the soul be bounded by those Limits, by which this perishable body is bounded; but freed from all Earthly pollution it flourishes, and shall flourish for ever. Quare sumo animus; neque enim sapientia dei Participle and Verb. 20. And now you may admire the barks gliding so swiftly, And now the vessels passing on by cords so slowly. Et modò tam celeriter (enall.) miror currens (infin.) linter, 21. Do you not also see stones reduced to nothing by time? Do you not see lofty towers falling, and rocks mouldering away? Denique non lapis quoque victus cerno ab ævum? Non altus turris ruens et putrescens saxum? 22. Do we not also see that the tombs of heroes have decayed? Do we not see flinty fragments falling down, separated from the lofty mountains, Neither bearing nor resisting the mighty force of time? Denique non monumentum vir (sync.) dilabor video? Nec validus ævum vis (enall.) perferens patiensque ? 23. Now the vines are tied; now the vineyards require not the pruning-hook; Now the weary vintager sings near the remotest rows of his vines: But still the earth must be turned up, and the mould moved; And still the weather is to be dreaded by the ripening grapes. Jam vincior vitis; jam falx arbustum repono; |